Implementing Punishment in Building Characters of Students at Pondok Pesantren DDI Mangkoso

Penelitian ini menganalisis penerapan hukuman oleh guru sebagai upaya pembinaan karakter jujur, disiplin, dan tanggung jawab santri pada Pondok Pesantren DDI Mangkoso, dengan tiga fokus masalah, yaitu: 1) bentuk penerapan hukuman dalam pembinaan karakter santri; 2) ragam hambatan penerapan hukuman dalam pembinaan karakter santri beserta solusinya, dan 3) hasil penerapan hukuman dalam pembinaan karakter santri. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan pedagogik, psikologis, yuridis, dan normatif teologis. Sumber data terdiri atas informan-informan dari berbagai unsur Pondok Pesantren DDI Mangkoso, yaitu: pimpinan, guru, santri, dan orang tua santri. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk hukuman yang diterapkan adalah teguran, pemberian tugas, hukuman psikis, dan hukuman fisik; hambatan-hambatannya adalah Undang-undang Perlindungan Anak, problem lingkungan, dan kreativitas guru; dan hukuman fisik lebih optimal dalam pembinaan karakter santri bila didukung oleh kerja sama yang baik dengan orang tua santri

Hakikat Manusia sebagai Makhluk Pedagogik

This study aimed to analyze the essence of humans as pedagogic beings by focusing on optimizing fitrah, hearing, sight, and heart as human basic potential, as well as the implications of these various potentials for Islamic education. This study is a literature study whose data comes from documents and analyzed using content analysis method. The results of the study indicate that optimizing fitrah as a basic human potential must be through education and the creation of a conducive environment. Optimization of hearing, sight, and heart as a basic human potential by always directing it to respond to empirical stimuli not only to something that is material in nature but also to something that brings it closer to God. The essence of humans as pedagogical beings has implications for (1) the Islamic education system must be built on the integration between qalbiyah and aqliyah education; (2) Islamic education must be directed at being able to carry out the functions and objectives of the creation of humans (khalifah and ‘abd)

Invasive Neophyten im Limmattal – status quo 2007 und Massnahmen

In the region of Dietikon-Spreitenbach-Heitersberg (Limmat Valley), invasive neophytes were analyzed and measures for dealing were proposed. For this purpose populations of invasive neophytes and phe- nomenologically defined habitats were mapped at a scale 1:10 000 in 2007. The map shows a strong concentration of invasive neophytes in the areas of settlement. 12 species that occur in the study area are from the Black List, 3 from the Watch List. The following plant species are the most widely spread in the study area and appear dominant in one third of the habitats: Butterfly Bush, Giant Goldenrod and Himalayan Blackberry. Typical spreading sources of inva- sive plant species are residential areas. The spreading itself occurs mainly along rivers or traffic ways. The comparison between the Limmat Valley and the Upper Rhine/Domleschg Valley shows that there occur nearly the same species. But their occurrence is smaller in the Grisons Alps. The sources of expansions and the ways of proliferation are the same. Areas with prior need for action are proposed because of evaluations, additional collecting of vegetation data that show the impact of Japanese Knotweed on biodiversity and a priority list

Mountain ash forests of the Central and Southern Alps: Grisons-Ticino (Switzerland)-Verbano-Cusio-Ossola (North Italy)

Mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia) is widespread in nearly whole Europe from sea level to timberline. On north exposed peaks of some mountains of the Southern Alps (Ticino/ Switzerland and North Italy/ Verbano-Ossola) small mountain ash forests build the forest limit above 1500 m, so at Monte Lema, Monte Morissolo, I Balmit and Mottarone. Mountain ash often occurs on former forest clearings as pioneer tree as secondary plant succession. On some sites, mountain ash will be replaced later by beech as climax species. At all sites, we recognized a weak or missing generative mountain ash reproduction. One reason for that could be the dense grass cover of small-reed, Calamagrostis spec. which inhibits the establishment of rowan seedlings; other reasons could be insect and game damage, mycosis and other diseases. Vegetative propagation like root bulbils, suckers and shoots from stump are important survival strategies of mountain ash. So, at some sites have been recorded a high share of polyphyletic single young trees. At all sites, count of annual rings of 25-50 mountain ash trees revealed an average age of 40-55 years. Green alder and mountain ash often occur together within the Alnetum viridis as well as in the mountain ash forest. In the green alder bush, mountain ash occurs only as single trees, whereas Alnus viridis can dominate in both plant communities. At the southernmost sites, there is a marked weak abundance of green alder due to dryer climate. Within mountain ash forests of the Southern Alps, the typical tall perennial herbs of the green alder bush are more or less absent because of low rainfall during summer and possibly absence of green alder. At the driest sites grow more grass species, mainly small-reed (Calamagrostis spec.). Based on our vegetational surveys of mountain ash forests at the sites mentioned above, we suggest a new sub-association Alno viridi-Sorbetum aucupariae calamagrostietosum prov. of Alno viridi-Sorbetum aucupariae prov. or eventually a new association Calamagrostio-Sorbetum aucupariae prov

Pollenanalytische Untersuchungen eines Flachmoors bei Stuben am Arlberg-Pass (ca. 1.470 m ü. M.) Vorarlberg, Österreich

Das Flachmoor an der Arlbergstrasse oberhalb Stuben a. A. besteht hauptsächlich aus nacheiszeitlichen Torf-Ablagerungen der letzten rund 11.000 Jahre. Die pollenanalytischen Untersuchungen von Wandproben eines Aufschlusses liefern Angaben zur lokalen und regionalen Floren- und Vegetationsgeschichte des Arlbergpasses und hinteren Klostertals. Die nacheiszeitliche Einwanderung und Ausbreitung der heute das Waldbild dominierenden Baumarten Wald-/Bergföhre, Fichte, Lärche, Weisstanne, Grünerle und z.T. Laubhölzer des Eichen- und Buchen-Laubmischwaldes werden im Pollendiagramm 1 aufgezeigt. Die derzeit dominante Fichte wanderte nach Westen von den Tiroler Alpen das Inntal aufwärts, überquerte den Arlbergpass und erreichte das innere Klostertal vor ca. 7.000 Jahren. Die Grünerle wanderte zusammen mit der Fichte von Osten nach Westen in die subalpine Stufe. Im Subboreal und Älteren Subatlantikum (vor ca. 5.000-2.000 Jahren) erreichte die Grünerle an der Baumgrenze ihre Massenausbreitung von den Ostalpen bis zu den nordwestlichen Voralpen. Das Pollendiagramm 2 zeigt an der Wende Jungneolithikum/Bronzezeit die frühesten prähistorischen menschlichen Einflüsse auf die lokale Vegetation mit dem ersten Auftreten von Getreidepollen von Spelzweizen sowie Blütenstaub von Faserhanf, Wiesen- und Weidepflanzen (Gräser, Spitzwegerich u.a. Kräuter). Später erfolgte in der Römerzeit die Einführung der Edelkastanie. Seit dem Mittelalter zeichnen sich durch Alpweiderodungen bedingte Waldgrenz-Senkungen und eine zunehmende Grünerlen-Verbuschung ab

Photothermal therapy improves the efficacy of a MEK inhibitor in neurofibromatosis type 1-associated malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are aggressive tumors with low survival rates and the leading cause of death in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients under 40 years old. Surgical resection is the standard of care for MPNSTs, but is often incomplete and can generate loss of function, necessitating the development of novel treatment methods for this patient population. Here, we describe a novel combination therapy comprising MEK inhibition and nanoparticle-based photothermal therapy (PTT) for MPNSTs. MEK inhibitors block activity driven by Ras, an oncogene constitutively activated in NF1-associated MPNSTs, while PTT serves as a minimally invasive method to ablate cancer cells. Our rationale for combining these seemingly disparate techniques for MPNSTs is based on several reports demonstrating the efficacy of systemic chemotherapy with local PTT. We combine the MEK inhibitor, PD-0325901 (PD901), with Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) as PTT agents, to block MEK activity and simultaneously ablate MPNSTs. Our data demonstrate the synergistic effect of combining PD901 with PBNP-based PTT, which converge through the Ras pathway to generate apoptosis, necrosis, and decreased proliferation, thereby mitigating tumor growth and increasing survival of MPNST-bearing animals. Our results suggest the potential of this novel local-systemic combination nanochemotherapy for treating patients with MPNSTs

Association between Family Dysfunction and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in School Students during the Second COVID-19 Epidemic Wave in Peru

"Although the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents’ mental health has been studied, there is still scarce evidence of the influence of nuclear family on the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study aimed to determine the association between family dysfunction and PTSD in Peruvian high-school students during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a virtual survey administered to 562 high-school students in three schools in Chiclayo, Peru. The dependent variable was PTSD, which was measured with the Child PTSD Symptom Scale. Family dysfunction was the main independent variable, measured with the Family APGAR Questionnaire. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated with generalized linear models. Most of the students were female (88.3%) and the average age was 14.4 years. We found that 21.4% showed severe family dysfunction and 60.3% had PTSD. Students with mild and moderate family dysfunction had 37% (PR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.14–1.65) and 26% (PR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.04–1.54) higher PTSD prevalence, respectively. In conclusion, family dysfunction may influence the development of PTSD in adolescents. This study suggests the importance to develop a healthy family environment to help adolescents face critical situations experienced during the pandemic.

Anti-KIT designer T cells for the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumor

Background: Imatinib mesylate is an effective treatment for metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). However, most patients eventually develop resistance and there are few other treatment options. Immunotherapy using genetically modified or designer T cells (dTc) has gained increased attention for several malignancies in recent years. The aims of this study were to develop and test novel anti-KIT dTc engineered to target GIST cells. Methods: Human anti-KIT dTc were created by retroviral transduction with novel chimeric immune receptors (CIR). The gene for stem cell factor (SCF), the natural ligand for KIT, was cloned into 1st generation (SCF-CD3ζ, 1st gen) and 2nd generation (SCF-CD28-CD3ζ, 2nd gen) CIR constructs. In vitro dTc proliferation and tumoricidal capacity in the presence of KIT+ tumor cells were measured. In vivo assessment of dTc anti-tumor efficacy was performed by treating immunodeficient mice harboring subcutaneous GIST xenografts with dTc tail vein infusions. Results: We successfully produced the 1st and 2nd gen anti-KIT CIR and transduced murine and human T cells. Average transduction efficiencies for human 1st and 2nd gen dTc were 50% and 42%. When co-cultured with KIT+ tumor cells, both 1st and 2nd gen dTc proliferated and produced IFNγ. Human anti-KIT dTc were efficient at lysing GIST in vitro compared to untransduced T cells. In mice with established GIST xenografts, treatment with either 1st or 2nd gen human anti-KIT dTc led to significant reductions in tumor growth rates. Conclusions: We have constructed a novel anti-KIT CIR for production of dTc that possess specific activity against KIT+ GIST in vitro and in vivo. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the therapeutic potential and safety of anti-KIT dTc

Causes of Microcephaly in the Zika Era in Argentina: A Retrospective Study

There are gaps in understanding the causes and consequences of microcephaly. This paper describes the epidemiological characteristics, clinical presentations, and etiologies of children presenting microcephaly during the Zika outbreak in Argentina. This observational retrospective study conducted in the pediatric hospital of Juan P. Garrahan reviewed the medical records of 40 children presenting microcephaly between March 2017 and November 2019. The majority (60%) were males and born full-term. At first evaluation, microcephaly was defined as congenital (31/40, 77%) and associated with other features (68%) such as seizures, developmental delay, non-progressive chronic encephalopathy, and West Syndrome. It was found manifestations restricted to central nervous system (55%), ocular (8/40, 20%), and acoustic (9/40, 23%) defects, and abnormal neuroimaging findings (31/39, 79%). Non-infectious diseases were the primary cause of isolated microcephaly (21/37, 57%), largely related to genetic diseases (13/21, 62%). Only 3 were children were diagnosed with Congenital Zika infection (3/16, 7.5%)