196 research outputs found

    Π Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ‡Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ сСмян: тСория ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ° (ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€)

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    The practice of application of terms characterizing the phenomenon of variability andΒ heterogeneity of seeds, fruits and diasporas is given. The ambiguity and inconsistency of some of them is shown. The methods of systematization and typification of seedsΒ of different quality, based on the features and nature of the manifestation of variability of seed characteristics and causes of their causes, are considered. The mainΒ directions of practical use of knowledge about seed polymorphism, including toΒ increase seed productivity and optimize the variability of seed parameters in theΒ growing process, are shown. The principles of evaluation and selection of alignedΒ fractions by morphological features correlated with high sowing and productive qualities in the process of seed refinement in the post-harvest period are presented. TheΒ morphological and anatomical causes of defects and injuries in the process of dryingΒ and processing of seeds as specific indicators of different quality are considered. TheΒ use of dispersion analysis to identify the contribution of hereditary, environmental andΒ matrix factors in the variability of morphological characteristics of seeds, includingΒ the length of the embryo, is discussed. The features of the signs ofΒ  abnormal variability of seeds, which have an obvious and hidden nature of manifestation, are shown.Β Methods of selection improvement of morfometric parameters, physiological, biochemical and productive properties of seeds as methods of cardinal improvement ofΒ quality of seeds are discussed.ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ° примСнСния Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ², Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… явлСниС измСнчивости ΠΈ нСоднородности сСмян, ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ диаспор. Показана Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ…. РассмотрСны ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹ систСматизации ΠΈΒ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ разнокачСствСнности сСмян, основанныС Π½Π° особСнностях ΠΈ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π΅ проявлСния измСнчивости ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² сСмян ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ…, ΠΈΡ… Π²Ρ‹Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ….Β ΠŸΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ‹ основныС направлСния практичСского использования Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ сСмян, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС, для ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ сСмСнной продуктивности ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ измСнчивости сСмСноводчСских ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² Π² процСссС выращивания.Β Π˜Π·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΡ‹ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Π±ΠΎΡ€Π° Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ морфологичСским ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ, коррСляционно связанным с высокими посСвными ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ качСствами Π² процСссС Π΄ΠΎΡ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ сСмян Π² послСуборочный ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄. РассмотрСны морфологичСскиС ΠΈ анатомичСскиС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ возникновСния дСфСктов ΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π²ΠΌ Π² процСссС ΡΡƒΡˆΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ сСмян, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ спСцифичСских ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ разнокачСствСнности. ΠžΠ±ΡΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ диспСрсионного Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° для выявлСния Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π° наслСдствСнного, экологичСского ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ морфологичСских ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² сСмян, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹Β Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°. ΠŸΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ‹ особСнности ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² аномальной измСнчивости сСмян,Β ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… явный ΠΈ скрытый Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ проявлСния. ΠžΠ±ΡΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹ сСлСкционного  ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ морфомСтричСских ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ², физиологичСских, биохимичСских ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… свойств сСмян, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ качСства сСмян

    Π—Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹Ρˆ ΠΈ морфомСтричСскиС ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ‹ сСмян ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ‰Π½Ρ‹Ρ… растСний сСмСйства Π—ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ сСлСкции

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    The work is devoted to the study of statistical parameters of the linear dimensions of the seed, endosperm and embryo, variability, correlations, and the manifestation of these traits in hybrid combinations. Morphometric parameters largely determine the quality of seeds. The presence of an underdeveloped embryo determines the duration of the period of heterotrophic development of the seedling, affects germination, energy, longevity, seed response to changes in germination conditions, and, ultimately, increases the interphase period from sowing to germination. The article shows the high variability of these parameters in numerous representatives of vegetable crops - representatives of the Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) family, analyzes the causes that cause them, and predicts the potential use of this variability in breeding programs. The object of research was the seeds of various varieties of carrots, parsley, parsnips, celery, dill. Measurement of the length of the seed and endosperm was carried out using a caliper. The length of the embryo was determined using a microscope and a video eyepiece at Γ—40 magnification using the Scope Photo program. The experiment was repeated four times, in each repetition at least 20 seeds. The values of the coefficient of variation in the length of the endosperm and seed varied from 9 to 19%, depending on the species and cultivar characteristics. The variability of the embryo reached 18-28%. between the size of the embryo on the one hand and the length of the endosperm (0.208-0.369) and seed (0.213-0.376) on the other, weak correlations were noted, indicating the independent inheritance of these parameters. The hereditary conditionality of the variability of the embryo, endosperm and seed of carrots (50.8-86.5%) and parsnips (49.6-58.9%) is shown, which characterizes the real possibility of their breeding improvement. In the process of studying distant hybrids of carrots (the parental forms of which differed sharply in morphometric parameters of seeds), it was found that F1 hybrids for these traits predominantly showed positive overdominance (38.1%) and dominance (16.7%). According to the complex of relative parameters (indices), negative overdominance (23.8%) and dominance (4.8%) were more often noted. The results of many years of research indicate that the morphometric parameters (length of the seed, endosperm, embryo) and their ratios (indices) of seeds, like any other biological traits, are genetically determined and depend on species and cultivar characteristics. A comparison of wild-growing and varietal samples of carrots indicates that in the process of cultivation, the size of the embryo underwent significant upward changes, even in the absence of targeted selection. Therefore, when applying artificial selection in this direction, one can expect more significant results.Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π° посвящСна ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ статистичСских ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ² сСмСни, эндоспСрма ΠΈ Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°, измСнчивости, коррСляционным связям, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ этих ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² Π³ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… комбинациях. ΠœΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ‹, Π² Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ стСпСни ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ качСство сСмян. НаличиС Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ΡˆΠ° обуславливаСт ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° Π³Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΡ„Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ развития проростка, влияСт Π½Π° Π²ΡΡ…ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ, ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ€Π³ΠΈΡŽ, Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡŽ сСмян Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ условий прорастания ΠΈ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠΌ счСтС, ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡ„Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΡ‚ посСва Π΄ΠΎ появлСния всходов. Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° высокая Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ этих ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² Ρƒ многочислСнных прСдставитСлСй ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ‰Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€ – прСдставитСлСй сСмСйства Π—ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹, ΠΈΡ… Π²Ρ‹Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ прогнозируСтся ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ использования этой измСнчивости Π² сСлСкционных ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ°Ρ…. ΠžΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ исслСдований слуТили сСмСна Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… сортов ΠΌΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠΊΠΈ, пастСрнака, ΡΠ΅Π»ΡŒΠ΄Π΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ, ΡƒΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠ°. Π˜Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ сСмСни ΠΈ эндоспСрма ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ с использованиСм ΡˆΡ‚Π°Π½Π³Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Ρ. Π”Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ΡˆΠ° опрСдСляли с использованиСм микроскопа ΠΈ видСоокуляра ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Γ—40, с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹ Scope Photo. ΠŸΠΎΠ²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π° чСтырСхкратная, Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ повторности Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 20 сСмян. ЗначСния коэффициСнта Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ эндоспСрма ΠΈ сСмСни измСнялся Π² ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ… ΠΎΡ‚ 9 Π΄ΠΎ 19%, Π² зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ сортовых особСнностСй. Π’Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ΡˆΠ° достигала 18-28%. ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ΡˆΠ° с ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ стороны ΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ эндоспСрма (0,208-0,369) ΠΈ сСмСни (0,213-0,376) с Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ слабыС коррСляционныС связи, ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ нСзависимом наслСдовании этих ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ². Показана наслСдствСнная ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ измСнчивости Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°, эндоспСрма ΠΈ сСмСни ΠΌΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈ (50,8-86,5%) ΠΈ пастСрнака (49,6-58,9%), Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡ… сСлСкционного ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π’ процСссС изучСния ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π³ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈ (Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ ΠΏΠΎ морфомСтричСским ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΌ сСмян) выявлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ F1 Π³ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎ этим ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ прСимущСствСнно проявляли ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ свСрхдоминированиС (38,1%) ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ (16,7%). По комплСксу ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² (индСксов) Ρ‡Π°Ρ‰Π΅ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ†Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ свСрхдоминированиС (23,8%) ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ (4,8%). Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΡ… исслСдований ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ морфомСтричСскиС ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ‹ (Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° сСмСни, эндоспСрма, Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°) ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ (индСксы) сСмян, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π»ΡŽΠ±Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ биологичСскиС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ, гСнСтичСски обусловлСны ΠΈ зависят ΠΎΡ‚ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ сортовых особСнностСй. Π‘Ρ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ дикорастущих ΠΈ сортовых ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² процСссС ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ΡˆΠ° ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΏΠ΅Π²Π°Π» сущСствСнныС измСнСния Π² сторону увСличСния, Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ отсутствии Ρ†Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°. ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ искусствСнного ΠΎΡ‚Π±ΠΎΡ€Π° Π² этом Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²

    БСмСнная ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ морфомСтричСскиС ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ‹ сСмян Myrrhis odorata (L.) Scop. Π² условиях Московской области

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    The research was carried out in 2018 – 2022 at the Experimental Production Farm β€œBykovo” AllRussian Research Institute of Vegetable Growing - a branch of the FSBSI β€œFSCVG” (Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution β€œFederal Scientific Center for Vegetable Growing”). The pilot site is located in the Ramenskoye district of the Moscow Region in the floodplain of the Moscow River. The object was Myrris scented, a representative of the Umbrella family (Umbelliferae). The genus Myrrhis includes the single species Myrrhis odorata (L.) SCOP. The Myrrhis plantation was laid out in 2009. The plot size is 8 m2, on which 20 plants are located at the rate of 2.5 pcs. / m2. Care consisted of loosening, manual weeding and 1-2 watering. Fruit harvesting was carried out at the onset of the first frost. The seeds were harvested by hand and matured 1.5 – 2 months after harvesting. The seed length (using a calliper), endosperm and embryo (using a microscope and a video eyepiece) were measured in four repetitions of 30 seeds each. The indices IE/S (Embryo/Seed), IE/E (Embryo /Endosperm) and IE/S (Endosperm/Seed) were calculated, showing the ratios of these indicators. Embryo/seed, Embryo /endosperm, and Endosperm/seed Depending on the year, the seed productivity was 13.6 – 27.3 g/plant, and the estimated yield was 339.1 – 682.0 kg/hectare. The seeds of Myrris scented had a fairly large size (16.75 - 22.23 mm) but contained a tiny embryo (1.24 - 1.99 mm), which was only 6-11% of the seed length and 7-13% of the endosperm. In comparison with other representatives of the umbrella family, Myrris scented has one of the lowest values of the index IE/E (Embryo /Endosperm). According to this indicator, its seeds should be attributed to the last fifth class. It is a tiny embryo that is one of the reasons for the phenomenon of rest inherent in the sources of myrrh scented. Furthermore, the seeds have a large percentage (10.0 – 73.3) of the phenomenon of germ-free, one of the causes of which is damage to the striped shield (Graphosoma lineatum L.).ИсслСдования Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π² 2018–2022 Π³Π³. Π² ОПΠ₯ Β«Π‘Ρ‹ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΒ» Π’ΠΠ˜Π˜ овощСводства – Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ЀГБНУ ЀНЦО. ΠžΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ участок располоТСн Π² РамСнском Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π΅ Московской области Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΉΠΌΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΈ ΠœΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ‹. ΠžΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ слуТила миррис Π΄ΡƒΡˆΠΈΡΡ‚Π°Ρ – ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ сСмСйства Π—ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ (Umbelliferae). Π ΠΎΠ΄ Myrrhis Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ СдинствСнный Π²ΠΈΠ΄ Myrrhis odorata (L.) Scop. ΠŸΠ»Π°Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ миррис Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° Π² 2009 Π³. Π Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ дСлянки составляСт 8 ΠΌ2, Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΉ располагаСтся 20 растСний ΠΈΠ· расчСта 2,5ΡˆΡ‚/ ΠΌ2 . Π£Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π»ΡΡ Π² Ρ€Ρ‹Ρ…Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Ρ€ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ°Ρ… ΠΈ 1–2 ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ…. Π£Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΊΡƒ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ наступлСнии ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ². Π‘Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΡƒΠ±ΠΈΡ€Π°Π»ΠΈ Π²Ρ€ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ 1,5–2 мСсяца послС ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠΈ. Π˜Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ сСмСни (с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ ΡˆΡ‚Π°Π½Π³Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Ρ), эндоспСрма ΠΈ Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ΡˆΠ° (с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ микроскопа ΠΈ видСоокуляра) осущСствляли Π² Ρ‡Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹Ρ€Π΅Ρ… повторностях ΠΏΠΎ 30 сСмян Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ. Рассчитывали индСксы IΠ­/Π‘, IΠ—/Π­, IΠ—/Π‘, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ этих ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. БСмСнная ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π² зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° составляла 13,6–27,3 Π³ Π½Π° растСниС, Π° расчСтная ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ 339,1–682,0 ΠΊΠ³/Π³Π°. Π‘Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Ρƒ миррис Π΄ΡƒΡˆΠΈΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ достаточно ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ (16,75–22,23 ΠΌΠΌ), Π½ΠΎ содСрТали ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ малСнький Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹Ρˆ (1,24–1,99 ΠΌΠΌ), ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ составлял всСго 6–11% ΠΎΡ‚ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ сСмСни ΠΈ 7–13 % ΠΎΡ‚ эндоспСрма. По ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ прСдставитСлями сСмСйства Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ миррис Π΄ΡƒΡˆΠΈΡΡ‚Π°Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· самых Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ… Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ индСкса IΠ—/Π­ По этому ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŽ Π΅Π΅ сСмСна слСдуСт отнСсти ΠΊ послСднСму, пятому, классу. По-Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌΡƒ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Ρ‡Ρ€Π΅Π·Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ малСнький Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹Ρˆ являСтся ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ явлСния покоя, присущСго сСмСнам миррис Π΄ΡƒΡˆΠΈΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΉ. Π£ сСмян ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ проявлСниС (10,0–73,3%) Π±Π΅Π·Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π²ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎ-Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌΡƒ, являСтся ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ полосатым (Graphosoma lineatum L.)

    Rotational dynamics of copper(II) amino acid complexes by EPR and NMR relaxation methods

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    Rotational dynamics of the copper(II) bis-complexes with glycine and L-aspartic acid has been studied by EPR and NMR relaxation methods in aqueous solutions at several temperatures. Dynamical parameters obtained by EPR were compared with nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) results and were found to be in a good agreement. From EPR data dominating trans isomer for Cu(Gly)2 and cis isomer for Cu(L-Asp)2 2- was found. On the basis of distance of closest approach of protons to central ion inferred from NMRD and crystal structure data the average slope angles of axial water molecule to equatorial plane were calculated and axial coordination of only one water molecule in the Cu(L-Asp)2 2- complex was established

    Greening in Modern Football

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    Бамая Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠ° соврСмСнности β€” ΠΎΡ…Ρ€Π°Π½Π° ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ срСды. КакоС мСсто Π² Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ экологии отводится спорту? Π‘Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡ посвящСна поиску ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π° Π½Π° Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ вопрос. Π˜Π·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚ участия Π² экологичСских акциях Π·Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ российских Ρ„ΡƒΡ‚Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ»ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΠ², дСтско-ΡŽΠ½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄, ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ассоциаций Ρ„ΡƒΡ‚Π±ΠΎΠ»Π°. ВыявлСно отсутствиС ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΉ стратСгии Ρ„ΡƒΡ‚Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ экологизации ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡˆΡ‚Π°Π±Π΅, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π½Π° Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅. Экологизация β€“ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ процСсс Π² любой сфСрС. Π‘Ρ‚Π°Ρ€Ρ‚ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡƒ процСссу Π² Ρ„ΡƒΡ‚Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ, начиная с формирования экологичСской ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹ Ρ„ΡƒΡ‚Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сообщСства.The most relevant topic of our time is environmental protection. What place is given to sport in solving environmental problems? The article is devoted to the search for an answer to this question. The experience of participation in environmental actions of foreign and Russian football clubs, youth teams, world football associations was studied. The absence of a common strategy of football greening both on a global scale and at the national level has been revealed. Greening is a consistent and long–term process in any field. The start of such a process in football should be given, starting with the formation of the ecological program of the football community

    ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ΠΈ управлСния Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π½Π°Π΄Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ судном для Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ… Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ

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    Development of autonomous (uncrewed) surface vessels for commercial, industrial, and auxiliary fleet is currently one of the most rapidly advancing transport technologies. The key issue of its implementation is creation of an integrated control system (ICS) of safe navigation of uncrewed surface vehicles (USV) in automatic mode along the route. Then, it is necessary to keep in mind the features of maritime navigation and inland navigation.A performed analytical review of basic heading and speed control algorithms allowed revealing the main problems referring to development of an integrated control system for an USV. The statement of the control problem is followed by enlisting directions for further research.Одной ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π±ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ транспортных Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π² настоящСС врСмя являСтся созданиС Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… (бСзэкипаТных) Π½Π°Π΄Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… судов для коммСрчСского, тСхничСского ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ„Π»ΠΎΡ‚Π°. ΠšΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΌ вопросом Π΅Ρ‘ внСдрСния являСтся созданиС комплСксной систСмы управлСния (КБУ) бСзопасным Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π‘Π­Π‘ Π² автоматичСском Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΡˆΡ€ΡƒΡ‚Ρƒ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΡŒ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρƒ спСцифику морской Π½Π°Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ плавания ΠΏΠΎ Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ путям.ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Ρ‘Π½ аналитичСский ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€ Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠΎΠ² управлСния ΠΏΠΎ курсу ΠΈ скорости. Π‘Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ основныС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ создания комплСксной систСмы управлСния бСзэкипаТным судном. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° постановка Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ΠΈ управлСния ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ направлСния Π΄Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡˆΠΈΡ… исслСдований

    Complex formation, chemical exchange, species structure, and stereoselective effects in the copper(II)- L/DL-histidine systems

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    The formation of copper(ii) complexes with l- and dl-histidine (HisH) has been studied by means of pH-potentiometry and spectrophotometry over a wide range of pH (2-14), ligand-to-metal ratio (1:1-15:1), and temperature (15-55Β°C) in aqueous solutions with 1.0 mol dm -3 KNO 3 as background. Formation constants and spectral characteristics of 13 complex types were found. Fine stereoselective effects have been detected with preferential coordination of two ligands with identical configuration in Cu(His)(HisH) + and opposite configuration in Cu(His) 2. The stereoselective effect for Cu(His)(HisH) + is explained by hydrogen bond formation between the carboxyl and imidazolyl groups of neighboring ligands at cis-arrangement of amino groups (3N eq-form). The opposite sign of stereoselective effect for Cu(His) 2 is derived from favourable axial coordination of the imidazole group in meso-form with cis-structure (3N eqN ax-form). A significant tetrahedral distortion was revealed for the first time in the prevalent cis-isomer of the Cu(l-His) 2 4N eq-form. These findings were confirmed by EPR data and DFT computations at the B3LYP/TZVP level. The prevalence of cis-isomers for these complexes has been assigned to the rather strong trans effect of the amino groups. The structures of other detected complexes are briefly discussed on the basis of spectroscopic data. Chemical exchange reactions in the copper(ii)- l/dl-hishidine systems have been investigated by the NMR relaxation of water protons. A unique proton exchange reaction with short-term proton dissociation from the coordinated imidazolyl group catalyzed by hydroxide ion was characterised for the first time. The discovered enantioselective effects in the ligand exchange reactions between Cu(His) 2 and HisH or His - species were attributed to the associative substitution mechanism. Β© 2012 The Royal Society of Chemistry

    Π’Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ морфологичСских ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² сСмян Π² популяциях ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ€Π°

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    Relevance and methods. In some Umbelliferae crops, the ratio of the parameters of the seed (the relative length of the embryo) has a significant effect on the ability of seeds to germinate. We studied 10 coriander samples, which showed significant differences in the degree of severity of the main morphological parameters, including the length of the seed, endosperm and embryo.Results. The indicators of the hybrid 5/19 and the variety Stimul significantly exceeded the average value of the population in the length of the seed at 1%, and the sample of the local population from Azerbaijan had the lowest indicator at the 5% level of significance. The endosperm length of the hybrid 5/19, the variety Stimul and the sample of the local population of Egypt exceeded the level of the indicator on average in the experiment. According to the length of the embryo, the Nectar variety, hybrid 5/19 and samples from Egypt and Azerbaijan were at the level of the average value for the experiment. The largest embryo (1.063Β±0.04) was distinguished by the Commander variety. Four samples significantly exceeded, and the hybrid 11/19 were lower than the average value. Depending on the variety, the coefficient of variation of indicators varied for the length of the embryo (13.9-19.1%), the length of the endosperm (16.4-20.4%) and the length of the seed (15.7-22.1%). The maximum value (0.377) of the IZ/E index, which characterizes the ratio of the size of the embryo and endosperm, was observed in the Commander variety. A close correlation was found between the length of the seed and the length of the endosperm, the correlation coefficient varied from r=0.640 in the Stimul variety to r=0.981 in a sample of the local population of Egypt. A weak or medium correlation was observed between the length of the embryo on the one hand and the length of the endosperm (0.026-0.393) and the seed (0.090 – -0.132) on the other. For the IE/S index, which characterizes the ratio of endosperm size to seed size, the limits (0.893-0.988) of variability were significantly lower. The maximum index (0.988) was found in a sample from Egypt.Β ΠΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ. Π£ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² сСмСни ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ всСго ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ΡˆΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ сущСствСнноС влияниС Π½Π° ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ сСмян ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ€Π°ΡΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ, особСнно Π² ΡΠΊΡΡ‚Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… условиях, исслСдования Π² этом Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ большой практичСский интСрСс.ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π» исслСдований. Π˜Π·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ 10 ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ€Π°, Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… выявлСны сущСствСнныС различия ΠΏΠΎ стСпСни выраТСнности основных морфологичСских ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ², Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ сСмСни, эндоспСрма ΠΈ Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. Π“ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ 5/19 ΠΈ сорт Π‘Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠ» сСлСкции ЀНЦО сущСствСнно ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°Π»ΠΈ срСднСС Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ популяции ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ сСмСни ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ 1%, Π° ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Π΅Ρ† мСстной популяции ΠΈΠ· АзСрбайдТана ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π» наимСньший ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ 5% ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ значимости. По Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ эндоспСрма Π³ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ 5/19 (ЀНЦО), сорт Π‘Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠ» ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Π΅Ρ† мСстной популяции Π•Π³ΠΈΠΏΡ‚Π° ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ показатСля Π² срСднСм ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Ρƒ. По Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ΡˆΠ° сорт НСктар, Π³ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ 5/19 (ЀНЦО) ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Ρ‹ ΠΈΠ· Π•Π³ΠΈΠΏΡ‚Π° ΠΈ АзСрбайдТана Π½Π°Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π½Π° ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ срСднСго значСния ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Ρƒ. НаиболСС ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅ΠΌ (1,063Β±0,04) отличался сорт ΠšΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅Ρ€. Π§Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹Ρ€Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Π° сущСствСнно ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°Π»ΠΈ, Π° Π³ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ 11/19 (ЀНЦО) уступал срСднСму Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ. Π’ зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ сорта коэффициСнт Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ измСнялся для Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ΡˆΠ° (13,9- 19,1%), Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ эндоспСрма (16,4-20,4 %) ΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ сСмСни (15,7-22,1%). МаксимальноС Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ (0,377) индСкса IΠ—/Π­, Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ΡˆΠ° ΠΈ эндоспСрма, ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ Ρƒ сорта ΠšΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅Ρ€. ВСсная коррСляционная связь выявлСна ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ сСмСни ΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ эндоспСрма, коэффициСнт коррСляции измСнялся ΠΎΡ‚ r=0,640 Ρƒ сорта Π‘Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠ» Π΄ΠΎ r=0,981 Ρƒ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Π° мСстной популяции Π•Π³ΠΈΠΏΡ‚Π°. Блабая ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ срСдняя коррСляционная Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ΡˆΠ° с ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ стороны ΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ эндоспСрма (0,026-0,393) ΠΈ сСмСни (ΠΎΡ‚ -0,132 Π΄ΠΎ 0,424) с Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΉ. Для индСкса IΠ­/Π‘, Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ эндоспСрма ΠΈ сСмСни, ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ‹ (0,893-0,988) значСния показатСля оказались Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅, достигая максимума (0,988) Ρƒ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Π° ΠΈΠ· Π•Π³ΠΈΠΏΡ‚Π°.

    Study of structural and dynamic characteristics of copper(ii) amino acid complexes in solutions by combined EPR and NMR relaxation methods

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    Structural features and dynamical behaviour of the copper(ii) bis-complexes with glycine, d-alanine, d-valine, l-serine, l-aspartic acid, l-glutamic acid, l-lysine, l-proline, and sarcosine were studied by combined EPR and NMR relaxation methods. The cis and trans isomers were unambiguously assigned and characterized by EPR data. It was found that addition of a salt background has an influence on the cis-trans isomer equilibrium in favour of the formation of the cis isomer. By comparison of NMRD, DFT computations, and structural data it was shown that only one water molecule is coordinated in the axial position of these complexes. The increased exchange rates of this molecule found for Cu(l-Asp)2 2-, Cu(l-Glu)2 2-, Cu(l-LysH)2 2+, and Cu(l-Pro)2 were attributed to its pushing out by side chain groups of the ligands. By simulation of NMRD profiles an increase of lifetimes of the copper(ii) 2nd coordination sphere water molecules was revealed in the presence of additional carboxylic, alcoholic, or ammonium groups of the ligands, as well as the pyrrolidine ring of proline. The very short lifetimes of the 2nd coordination sphere water molecules (4-13 ps at 298 K) were explained in terms of the Frank-Wen structural model by the existence of cavities which draw in quickly enough water molecules from the 2nd coordination sphere. Β© 2014 The Partner Organisations
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