Experimental investigation on thermal comfort assessment in public open spaces: Case of Jijel, Algeria

This study aims to assess the impact of some paving materials on the outdoor space thermal profile which are of prime importance for their viability and attendance.  This was carried out through a case study in the Mediterranean context of Jijel city. A comparative analysis of thermal indices was done using RayMan model outcome, validated through field measurements and survey. The results highlighted a neutral temperature of 21.2°C and a comfort zone between 18.4°C and 23.9°C obtained via the physiological equivalent temperature index. The results revealed the importance of paving materials albedo on public open spaces thermal profile, and the need for a better knowledge of the thermoradiative properties of materials before their uses.

Experimental investigation on thermal comfort assessment in public open spaces: Case of Jijel, Algeria

This study aims to assess the impact of some paving materials on the outdoor space thermal profile which are of prime importance for their viability and attendance.  This was carried out through a case study in the Mediterranean context of Jijel city. A comparative analysis of thermal indices was done using RayMan model outcome, validated through field measurements and survey. The results highlighted a neutral temperature of 21.2°C and a comfort zone between 18.4°C and 23.9°C obtained via the physiological equivalent temperature index. The results revealed the importance of paving materials albedo on public open spaces thermal profile, and the need for a better knowledge of the thermoradiative properties of materials before their uses.

The Making of a Mobile Caliphate State in the African Sahel

The goal of this chapter is to thoroughly understand the context of the dominant jihadist narratives and the nature of their appeal in the Sahelian region. All these jihadist ideologies are based on a peculiar Salafi Radicalism that aimed to transform the state and society by methods of preaching and violence. Therefore, studying and analyzing the principles of the Salafist discourse as a political project helps us to understand its points of strengths and weaknesses. In addition, we can be better look at the future trends and prospects of violent jihadist groups in the African Sahel. The roots of this Islamic discourse as a political project may be attributed to what Lunay and Suarez call the “Islamic domain.” The rise of violent radical Islamism represents drive from the internal political and socioeconomic dynamics evolving in each Sahelian state. However, the struggle and rivalry of jihadist ideologies after the military defeat of Daesh in Mosul is important at a time when thousands of fighters who have survived the civil wars in Iraq, Syria, and Libya are looking for new jihadist fields

Evidence of sympatry of clade a and clade B head lice in a pre-Columbian Chilean mummy from Camarones.

Three different lineages of head lice are known to parasitize humans. Clade A, which is currently worldwide in distribution, was previously demonstrated to be present in the Americas before the time of Columbus. The two other types of head lice are geographically restricted to America and Australia for clade B and to Africa and Asia for clade C. In this study, we tested two operculated nits from a 4,000-year-old Chilean mummy of Camarones for the presence of the partial Cytb mitochondrial gene (270 bp). Our finding shows that clade B head lice were present in America before the arrival of the European colonists

Bartonella quintana in head lice from Senegal

Head and body lice are strict, obligate human ectoparasites with three mitochondrial clades (A, B, and C). Body lice have been implicated as vectors of human diseases, and as the principal vectors of epidemic typhus, relapsing fever, and Bartonella quintata-associated diseases (trench fever, bacillary angiomatosis, endocarditis, chronic bacteremia, and chronic lymphadenopathy). Using molecular methods (real-time and traditional PCR), we assessed the presence of Bartonella quintana DNA in black head lice collected from three locations in Senegal. DNA from B. quintana was identified in 19 lice (6.93%) collected from 7 patients (7%) in Dakar. B. quintana-positive lice collected from three subjects were identified as clades C and A

Borrelia recurrentis in head lice, Ethiopia

Since the 1800s, the only known vector of Borrelia recurrentis has been the body louse. In 2011, we found B. recurrentis DNA in 23% of head lice from patients with louse-borne relapsing fever in Ethiopia. Whether head lice can transmit these bacteria from one person to another remains to be determined

<i>Cytb</i> phylogenic analysis.

<p>The phylogenic tree based on ML method of the two pre-Columbian Chilean nits based on the partial <i>Cytb</i> gene (270 bp). <b>HL: head louse, BL: body louse.</b> The numbers on the branches are bootstrap values.</p

Sequences alignment.

<p>Alignment of the clade A and clade B sequences (Chilean mummy's nit and other sequences present in GenBank) P: Philippines, G: Germany, I: Iran, U: United State of America, T: Taiwan, C: Canada, S: Senegal, Pa: Papua New Guinea, H: Honduras.</p