Relative Value Iteration for Stochastic Differential Games

We study zero-sum stochastic differential games with player dynamics governed by a nondegenerate controlled diffusion process. Under the assumption of uniform stability, we establish the existence of a solution to the Isaac's equation for the ergodic game and characterize the optimal stationary strategies. The data is not assumed to be bounded, nor do we assume geometric ergodicity. Thus our results extend previous work in the literature. We also study a relative value iteration scheme that takes the form of a parabolic Isaac's equation. Under the hypothesis of geometric ergodicity we show that the relative value iteration converges to the elliptic Isaac's equation as time goes to infinity. We use these results to establish convergence of the relative value iteration for risk-sensitive control problems under an asymptotic flatness assumption

Asynchronous multiuser decorrelating detector for AWGN channel

Decorrelating detector is one of the sub-optimum detectors for CDMA applications that generally has better performance than the conventional detector and is near-far resistant. Synchronous decorrelating detector employing DPSK modulation is considered and its simulation results are presented. Attention is focussed on one-shot decorrelating detector for a two user case for asynchronous transmission, where each symbol interval is considered seperately. Initially the performance of the detector with exact estimation of the relative delay is analyzed and then the effect of inaccurate estimation on the probability of error is discussed

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF APAMARGA AND KUTAJA PRATISARANIYA KSHARA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SECOND DEGREE HAEMORRHOIDS (ARSHA)

Arsha (haemorrhoid) is known to mankind as a common anorectal disease. According to Ayurveda Mithyaaaharvihara i.e., unhealthy lifestyle is one of the major aetiological factor of Arsha and it is unavoidable in this busy modern lifestyle due to junk food habits and lack of time. This habit causes vitiation of Doshas which affect digestive fire (Mandagni) and cause constipation. Hence constipation is one of the major causes for hemorrhoid. It is also known as “Mahagadas” which means difficult to cure. Acharya Sushruta has mentioned that Ksharakarma is one of the effective methods of treating Gudarsha. In these research article efforts has been made to treat II0 Haemorrhoids by Ksharakarma. Aim: To evaluate the effect of Apamarg and Kutaj Pratisaaraniya Kshar in the management of hemorrhoids. Materials and methods: An open Randomized comparative clinical study. The entire 40 patients were divided into two groups; Group-A: 20 patients- Application of Apamarg Pratisaaraniya Kshara, Group-B: 20 patients- Application of Kutaj Pratisaraniya Kshara. Observation and Results: According to the Chi-Square test the value obtained was 29.565 and p value was 0.0001 which is highly significantin group A. Conclusion: As per the complete analytical data and observation of the result found in the both group it has been revealed that patient to whom Apamarg Kshar was applied has the better result as compared to the application of Kutaja Kshara

PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF GUDAGATA VIKARA (ANORECTAL DISORDERS)- AYURVEDIC PERSPECTIVE

Gudagata Vikara (Anorectal disorders) refers to ailments of the anus and/ or rectum. Gudagata Vikara includes; Arsha (Haemorrhoids), Bhagandara (Fistula in Ano), Parikartika (Fissure in Ano), Guda Kandu (Pruritus Ani), etc. These are some common disorders in human being. A study by Sharma et al. showed that Hemorrhoids (49%) and fistula-in-ano (27%) were commonest anorectal conditions, mostly affecting the age group 18-45 years. Apathya Ahara and Vihara leads to vitiation of Doshas causing Mandagni and vitiation of Apanavayu resulting in stagnation of Mala in Gudavali which leads to anorectal disorders. In present study a thorough and scientific review of Ahara (diet) and Vihara (lifestyle) has been carried out for the prevention and management of anorectal diseases. Materials and methods: Ayurvedic treaties, text books, Dissertation, Articles from PUBMED, SCOPUS, Google scholar, Mesh, Google search has been searched thoroughly related to the subject. Discussion: Gudagata Vikara, Anorectal Disorders, Ahara (Diet), Vihara (Lifestyle), Dinacharya, Ritucharya, Sadvritta has been discussed. Conclusions: Food articles mentioned in Ayurvedic text are effective in the management of Anorectal diseases. Lifestyle changes according to Dinacharya, Ritucharya and Sadavritta and following do’s and don’ts are effective in the management of Anorectal disease

A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, split patch study to evaluate the effects of platelet rich plasma on alopecia areata

Background: Alopecia Areata is a T-cell–mediated autoimmune, often reversible disease in which the gradual loss of protection provided by immune privilege of the normal hair follicle plays an important role. It manifests as smooth, slightly erythematous (peach color) or normal-colored alopecic patches with short broken hair at the margins. It involves scalp most commonly, although other regions of body may be affected. Platelet rich plasma is an autologous concentration of platelets with a greater count in a small volume of plasma. Study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of PRP therapy in Alopecia Areata.Methods: In this randomised, placebo controlled, split patch study, 30 patients of AA were recruited and injected with 1-1.5ml of autologous PRP made by double spin method into half the bald patch area and other half with placebo using insulin syringe once a month for 3 months. Outcome was assessed at the end of study by clinical photographs as regrowth of hair, dermoscopy findings as reduction in black dots, yellow dots and exclamation hair and Physician and patient self-assessment score.Results: Administration of autologous PRP has led to observable improvement in 20% case of PRP and only 3.3% of control cases. Decrease in number of dystrophic hair and hair regrowth with PRP was seen in 20% cases and in 17% patches.Conclusions: PRP in our setting was found to be minimally effective, but more efficacious than no treatment, and safe for AA patients

Star Formation in the vicinity of Nuclear Black Holes: Young Stellar Objects close to Sgr A*

It is often assumed that the strong gravitational field of a super-massive black hole disrupts an adjacent molecular cloud preventing classical star formation in the deep potential well of the black hole. Yet, young stars have been observed across the entire nuclear star cluster of the Milky Way including the region close ($<$0.5~pc) to the central black hole, Sgr A*. Here, we focus particularly on small groups of young stars, such as IRS 13N located 0.1 pc away from Sgr A*, which is suggested to contain about five embedded massive young stellar objects ($<$1 Myr). We perform three dimensional hydrodynamical simulations to follow the evolution of molecular clumps orbiting about a $4\times10^6~M_{\odot}$ black hole, to constrain the formation and the physical conditions of such groups. The molecular clumps in our models assumed to be isothermal containing 100 $M_{\odot}$ in $<$0.2 pc radius. Such molecular clumps exist in the circumnuclear disk of the Galaxy. In our highly eccentrically orbiting clump, the strong orbital compression of the clump along the orbital radius vector and perpendicular to the orbital plane causes the gas densities to increase to values higher than the tidal density of Sgr A*, which are required for star formation. Additionally, we speculate that the infrared excess source G2/DSO approaching Sgr A* on a highly eccentric orbit could be associated with a dust enshrouded star that may have been formed recently through the mechanism supported by our models.Comment: 18 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

Radar Cross-section Measurement Techniques

Radar cross-section (RCS) is an important study parameter for defence applications specially dealing with airborne weapon system. The RCS parameter guides the detection range for a target and is therefore studied to understand the effectiveness of a weapon system. It is not only important to understand the RCS characteristics of a target but also to look into the diagnostic mode of study where factors contributing to a particular RCS values are studied. This further opens up subject like RCS suppression and stealth. The paper discusses the RCS principle, control, and need of measurements. Classification of RCS in terms of popular usage is explained with detailed theory of RF imaging and inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR). The various types of RCS measurement ranges are explained with brief discussion on outdoor RCS measurement range. The RCS calibration plays a critical role in referencing the measurement to absolute values and has been described.The RCS facility at Reseach Centre Imarat, Hyderabad, is explained with some details of different activities that are carried out including RAM evaluation, scale model testing, and diagnostic imaging.Defence Science Journal, 2010, 60(2), pp.204-212, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.60.34