Job placement of the graduates of the university

Рассматриваются условия, факторы, определяющие востребованность выпускников университета на рынке труда, проблема соответствия их профессиональной подготовки требованиям работодателяAre examined the conditions, the factors, which determine vostrebovannost of the graduates of university on the labor market, the problem of correspondence of their professional preparation to the demands of employe

2D-DNS and 2D-RANS Simulations of Supersonic QUASI-2D Turbulent Reacting Shear Flow

Numerical studies of quasi-2D supersonic turbulent hydrogen-air mixing and combustion in free shear layer configuration are performed using 2D-DNS [1] and RANS equations. In order to produce the roll-up and pairing of vortex rings, an unsteady boundary condition is applied at the inlet plane. Frequencies of initial velocity perturbations have been taken in accordance with linear stability theory. The influences of different inflow perturbations on mixing layer structure are presented. At the outflow, the non-reflecting boundary condition is adopted. In the case of RANS simulation two-parameter k-e turbulence model is used. Thermal conduction is described by Fourier’s law, while diffusion of species by Fick’s law. Equation of state for thermally perfect multispecies gas is used. Thermodynamic parameters, such as specific heat, enthalpy, entropy and internal energy are determined by fourth order degree polynomial formula, which has dependence on temperature. Temperature is determined using Newton-Raphson iteration procedure. The Wilke’s formula is used to determine the mixture viscosity coefficient. Approximation of convection terms are performed by the ENO-scheme of third-order accuracy and approximation of diffusion terms – by second-order central-difference operators. For the description of reaction pathways of hydrogen, a seven species chemical reaction model by Jachimowski is adopted. Chemical reaction source term implicitly includes in mass fraction transport equations, where linearization is applied using Taylor decomposition. The hydrogen flow parameters are M0 = 2.0, T0 = 2000 K, P0 = 101325 Pa, and air flow parameters are M∞ = 2.1, T∞ = 2000 K, p∞ = 101325 Pa. Convective Mach number is Mc = 0.38, where effect of compressibility is significant

The basic requirements for the profession of «teacher of vocational training»

В статье рассмотрены основные общие требования, которые должны предъявляться педагогу профессионального обучения в условиях современного образования, и закрепленных в Профессиональном стандарте педагога.The article accounts the basic general requirements for the teacher of Professional training in the conditions of contemporary education fixed in the Professional standard of the teacher

Long-Lived Electron Capture Dissociation Product Ions Experience Radical Migration via Hydrogen Abstraction

To explore the mechanism of electron capture dissociation (ECD) of linear peptides, a set of 16-mer peptides were synthesized with deuterium labeled on the α-carbon position of four glycines. The ECD spectra of these peptides showed that such peptides exhibit a preference for the radical to migrate to the α-carbon position on glycine via hydrogen (or deuterium) abstraction before the final cleavage and generation of the detected product ions. The data show c-type fragment ions, ions corresponding to the radical cation of the c-type fragments, c·, and they also show c·-1 peaks in the deuterated peptides only. The presence of the c·-1 peaks is best explained by radical-mediated scrambling of the deuterium atoms in the long-lived, metastable, radical intermediate complex formed by initial electron capture, followed by dissociation of the complex. These data suggest the presence of at least two mechanisms, one slow, one fast. The abundance of H· and −CO losses from the precursor ion changed upon deuterium labeling indicating the presence of a kinetic isotope effect, which suggests that the values reported here represent an underestimation of radical migration and H/D scrambling in the observed fragments

Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of a Ground Source Heat Pump System for Water and Space Heating Applications in Kazakhstan

The ground source heat pump heating system is considered as one of the best solutions for the transition towards green heating under the continental climate conditions like Kazakhstan. In this paper, experimental and theoretical investigations were carried out to develop a ground source heat pump-based heating system under the weather conditions in Kazakhstan and to evaluate its thermodynamic performance. The water-to-water heat pump heating system, integrated with a ground source heat exchanger and used refrigerant R134a, was designed to provide hot water to meet the requirements for space heating. The predicted values of the coefficient of performance and the experimental results were found to be in good agreement within 6.2%. The thermodynamic performance of the system was also assessed using various environment-friendly refrigerants, such as R152a, R450A, R513A, R1234yf and R1234ze, as potential replacements for R134a. Although R152a is found to be a good alternative for R134a in terms of coefficient of performance and total equivalent warming impact, its flammability hinders its application. The heating system using refrigerants R450A, R513A, R1234yf and R1234ze shows 2–3% lower coefficient of performance than that of R134a. The highest exergy destruction is found to be attributed to the compressor, followed by the expansion valve, evaporator, and condenser. Considering their low flammability and low environmental impact, R450A, R513A, R1234yf and R1234ze are identified as valuable replacements for R134a

Thermal Response Measurement and Performance Evaluation of Borehole Heat Exchangers: A Case Study in Kazakhstan

The purpose of the present work was to determine the thermal performance of borehole heat exchangers, considering the influences of their geometric configurations and the thermophysical properties of the soil, grout and pipe wall material. A three-dimensional model was developed for the heat and mass transfer in soil (a porous medium) and grout, together with one-dimensional conductive heat transfer through the pipe walls and one-dimensional convective heat transfer of the heat transfer fluid circulating in the pipes. An algorithm was developed to solve the mathematical equations of the model. The COMSOL Multiphysics software was used to implement the algorithm and perform the numerical simulations. An apparatus was designed, installed and tested to implement the thermal response test (TRT) method. Two wells of depth 50 m were drilled in the Almaty region in Kazakhstan. Gravel and till/loam were mainly found, which are in accordance with the stratigraphic map of the local geological data. In each well, two borehole heat exchangers were installed, which were an integral part of the ground source heat pump. The TRT measurements were conducted using one borehole heat exchanger in one well and the data were obtained. The present TRT data were found to be in good agreement with those available in literature. The numerical results of the model agreed well with the present TRT data, with the root-mean-square-deviation within 0.184 °C. The TRT data, together with the predictions of the line-source analytical model, were utilized to determine the soil thermal conductivity (λg = 2.35 W/m K) and the thermal resistance of the borehole heat exchanger from the heat transfer fluid to the soil (Rb = 0.20 m K/W). The model was then used to predict the efficiencies of the borehole heat exchangers with various geometric configurations and dimensions. The simulation results show that the spiral borehole heat exchanger extracts the highest amount of heat, followed by the multi-tube, double U-type parallel, double U-type cross and single U-type. It is also found that the spiral configuration can save 34.6% drilling depth compared with the conventional single U-type one, suggesting that the spiral configuration is the best one in terms of the depth and the maximum heat extracted. The simulation results showed that (i) more heat was extracted with a higher thermal conductivity of grout material, in the range of 0.5–3.3 W/m K; (ii) the extracted heat remained unchanged for a thermal conductivity of pipe material higher than 2.0 W/m K (experiments in the range of 0.24–0.42 W/m K); (iii) the extracted heat remained unchanged for a volumetric flow rate of water higher than 1.0 m3/h (experimental flow rate 0.6 m3/h); and (iv) the heat extracted by the borehole heat exchanger increased with an increase in the thermal conductivity of the soil (experiments in the range of 0.4–6.0 W/m K). The numerical tool developed, the TRT data and simulation results obtained from the present work are of great value for design and optimization of borehole heat exchangers as well as studying other important factors such as the heat transfer performance during charging/discharging, freezing factor and thermal interference

ПОРІВНЯЛЬНА ОЦІНКА ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ КОМПОЗИЦІЇ НА ОСНОВІ НАНОДИСПЕРСНОГО КРЕМНЕЗЕМУ З АНТИМІКРОБНИМИ ВЛАСТИВОСТЯМИ ДЛЯ МІСЦЕВОГО ЛІКУВАННЯ ГНІЙНО-ЗАПАЛЬНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ

Проведена порівняльна оцінка результатів місцевого лікування гнійно-запальних захворювань м’яких тканин з використанням стандартних методів та композиції з сорбційними та антимікробними властивостями на основі нанодисперсного кремнезему. Застосування композиції в комплексі лікування хворих сприяло більш швидкому очищенню ран від некротизованих тканин та мікроорганізмів, швидкій появі грануляцій, зменшенню тяжкості інтоксикації, тривалості І фази ранового процесу, що дозволяло на 6 – 7-му добу після операції накладати на рани вторинні шви, в цілому тривалості лікування хворих у стаціонарі на 3,7 дня

ПУНКЦИОННАЯ КРИОДЕСТРУКЦИЯ ПОД УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВЫМ НАБЛЮДЕНИЕМ В ЛЕЧЕНИИ РЕЦИДИВНЫХ БАЗАЛИОМ ЛИЦА

Basal cell carcinoma is the most frequent human skin malignant tumor. The risk of recurrence exists regardless of the treatment method. The ultrasound assisted treatment in patients with face and neck skin basalioma is analyzed in this study. It was shown that the ultrasound assisted method with usage of modern domestic equipment allowedincreasing the treatment effi cacy of recurrent basal cell skin cancer.Базально-клеточная карцинома — это наиболее часто встречающаяся y человека раковая опухоль кожи. Опасность рецидивирования заболевания сохраняется вне зависимости от способов лечения. В данной работе проведен анализ лечения больных с базалиомой кожи лица и шеи под УЗ-наведением с целью улучшения результатов лечения. Исследование показало, что использование ультразвукового метода и нового отечественного оборудования позволяет повысить эффективность лечения при рецидивирующем течении базально-клеточного рака кожи