5 research outputs found

    Assessment of microelement ecotoxicity in fen for ecological state monitoring

    Get PDF
    Wetlands, including bogs, fens, and swamps, play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance by absorbing pollutants. They also conserve biodiversity and serve as breeding and migration sites for living organisms whose treated by pollutants entering to the wetland ecosystems. Pollutants entering wetland ecosystems can have detrimental effects on these important functions. The article introduces the method of toxicity assessment of microelements used in the environmental condition monitoring of the Ob River’s floodplain fen (Tomsk Oblast, Russia). The impact of freshwater species (PAF m3day/kgemitted) is evaluated by calculating the Life Cycle Assessment Impact score for Be, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Sr, Mo, Pb, Cd, Sb, Ba, and Tl at distances of 40, 100, and 160 m from the wastewater discharge site. The study considers the elemental composition and total volume of water from various areas within the research site for assessing freshwater ecotoxicity. 12 out of 15 investigated trace elements have the greatest impact on the freshwater system in the zone of 160 m from the site of anthropogenic impact on the water body. The sampling areas can be ranked based on their Ξ£IS value, with IS160 = 1.3E+11, followed by IS100 = 7.5E+10, and IS40 = 1.5E+10 [PAF m3day/kgemitted]

    Π’Π•Π₯ΠΠžΠ›ΠžΠ“Π†Π― ОВРИМАННЯ ΠΠΠΠžΠšΠžΠœΠŸΠžΠ—Π˜Π’Π†Π’ НА ΠžΠ‘ΠΠžΠ’Π† ΠŸΠžΠ›Π†ΠΠœΠ†Π”Π-6 ВА ΠžΠ Π“ΠΠΠžΠœΠžΠ”Π˜Π€Π†ΠšΠžΠ’ΠΠΠžΠ“Πž ΠœΠžΠΠ’ΠœΠžΠ Π˜Π›ΠžΠΠ†Π’Π

    No full text
    The obtaining technology of nanocomposites based on polyamide-6 and organomodified montmorillonite is developed. The technological parameters of extrusion and injection molding, and their influence on the formation of nanoscale inorganic phase of the polyamide are investigated. Morphology and thermal behavior of polyamide-6, composites based on polyamide-6 and modified montmorillonite are studied by WAXS, XRD, DTA and DSC data. Morphology and thermal behavior of polyamide-6 and composites based on polyamide-6 and modified montmorillonite are shown to be in a strong juxtaposition. New Ξ³-phase formation is revealed in composite polyamide-6 – 1–2 % of modified montmorillonite in contrast with polyamide-6 and mechanical mixtures of polyamide-6 and montmorillonite. Optimal concentrations of modified montmorillonite in the composites stated as 1 – 2 % are shown to correspond with composites improved properties as compared to initial polyamide-6. It is explained by increasing crystallinity degree, which resulted from acting of modified montmorillonite particles as nucleation heterogenetic agents.Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π° тСхнология получСния Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° основС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π°-6 ΠΈ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ΠΌΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π°. Π˜ΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ тСхнологичСскиС ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ‹ экструзии ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… влияниС Π½Π° Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ нанодиспСрсных нСорганичСской Ρ„Π°Π·Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π°. ΠœΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈ тСрмичСскоС ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π°-6, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° основС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π°-6 ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ΠΌΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Ρƒ, ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ WAXS, XRD, DTA ΠΈ DSC. Показано качСствСнноС Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ тСрмичСской повСдСния ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π°-6 ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° основС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π°-6 ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ΠΌΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Ρƒ находятся Π² сильном сопоставлСнии. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ составС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π°-6 – 1–2% ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ΠΌΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ-6 ΠΈ мСханичСскими смСсями ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π°-6 ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ΠΌΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π° ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ξ³-Ρ„Π°Π·Ρ‹. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ΠΌΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π° Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ…, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ 1–2%, ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ свойствам ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с исходным ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π°-6. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Ρ‚ΡΡ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ стСпСни кристаличности, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΌ вслСдствиС дСйствия ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… частиц ΠΌΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ΠΌΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… Π³Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ².Π ΠΎΠ·Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–ΡŽ отримання Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚Ρ–Π² Π½Π° основі ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ–Π°ΠΌΡ–Π΄Ρƒ-6 Ρ‚Π° ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ–ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ΠΌΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ½Ρ–Ρ‚Ρƒ. ДослідТСно Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½Ρ– ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈ Скструзії Ρ‚Π° лиття ΠΏΡ–Π΄ тиском Ρ‚Π° Ρ—Ρ… Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² Π½Π° формування нанодиспСрсної Π½Π΅ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ–Π°ΠΌΡ–Π΄Ρƒ. ΠœΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ Ρ‚Π° Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΡ–Ρ‡Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Ρ–Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ–Π°ΠΌΡ–Π΄Ρƒ-6, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚Ρ–Π² Π½Π° основі ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ–Π°ΠΌΡ–Π΄Ρƒ-6 Ρ‚Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ–ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ΠΌΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΎΠ½Ρ–Ρ‚Ρƒ, Π²ΠΈΠ²Ρ‡Π΅Π½Ρ– Π·Π° допомогою WAXS, XRD, DTA Ρ‚Π° DSC. Показана якісна Π²Ρ–Π΄ΠΌΡ–Π½Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ— Ρ‚Π° Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΡ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Ρ–Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ–Π°ΠΌΡ–Π΄Ρƒ-6 Ρ‚Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚Ρ–Π² Π½Π° основі ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ–Π°ΠΌΡ–Π΄Ρƒ-6 Ρ– ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ–ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ΠΌΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΎΠ½Ρ–Ρ‚Ρƒ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π±ΡƒΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ Ρƒ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ зіставлСнні. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ складі ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ–Π°ΠΌΡ–Π΄Ρƒ-6 – 1–2% ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ–ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ–Π»Π»ΠΎΠ½Ρ–Ρ‚Ρƒ Π² порівнянні Π· ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ–Π°ΠΌΡ–Π΄ΠΎΠΌ-6 Ρ‚Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡƒΠΌΡ–ΡˆΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ–Π°ΠΌΡ–Π΄Ρƒ-6 Ρ‚Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ΠΌΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ½Ρ–Ρ‚Ρƒ виявлСно Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ утворСння Ξ³-Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΈ. Показано, Ρ‰ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ– ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ— ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ–ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ΠΌΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΎΠ½Ρ–Ρ‚Ρƒ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ…, які Π²ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ– як 1–2%, Π²Ρ–Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ–Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ–ΠΏΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌ властивостям ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ‚Ρ–Π² Ρƒ порівнянні Π· Π²ΠΈΡ…Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ–Π°ΠΌΡ–Π΄ΠΎΠΌ-6. Π¦Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡŽΡ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π·Π±Ρ–Π»ΡŒΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ступСня кристалинності, Ρ‰ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ” внаслідок Π΄Ρ–Ρ— ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ–ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ΠΌΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ½Ρ–Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΡ… частинок як Π·Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… Π³Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ… Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ–Π²

    Adsorptive Solar Refrigerators Based on Composite Adsorbents ’Silica Gel – Sodium Sulphate’

    No full text
    The operation processes of adsorptive solar refrigerators based on composite adsorbents β€˜silica gel - sodium sulphate’ were studied. The correlation between the adsorbent composition and the coefficient of the energy performance of the device was stated. As a consequence of the decreasing of adsorbent mass, the coefficient of performance is increased when sodium sulphate content in the composite increased. Effect of the regeneration process parameters on the composite on the coefficient of performance of the adsorptive refrigenerator was stated. The growth of the coefficient of performance is shown to result from decreasing the difference between adsorbent temperature and regeneration temperature from 85 to 55Β°C. The maximum values of the coefficient of performance of studied solar adsorptive refrigenerator about of 1.14 are stated for composites containing about 20 wt. % silica gel and 80 wt. % sodium sulphate

    Бьома ΠΌΡ–ΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°-ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½Π° конфСрСнція Β«ΠšΠΎΠΌΠΏβ€™ΡŽΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π΅ модСлювання Π² Ρ…Ρ–ΠΌΡ–Ρ— Ρ– тСхнологіях Ρ‚Π° систСмах сталого Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΊΡƒΒ»

    No full text
    ДослідТСні Сксплуатаційні характСристики адсорбційного Ρ€Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° низько- ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†Ρ–ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ»Π° Ρ‚Π° Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ Π½Π° основі ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚Π½ΠΈΡ… сорбСнтів Β«ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ–ΠΊΠ°Π³Π΅Π»ΡŒ – Π½Π°Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ–ΠΉ ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ„Π°Ρ‚Β» Ρ‚Π° Β«ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ–ΠΊΠ°Π³Π΅Π»ΡŒ – Π½Π°Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ–ΠΉ Π°Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Β», синтСзованих золь – гСль ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. Π—Π° допомогою Π·Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΡƒ ΠΎΠ±Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈ процСсів Сксплуатації (ΡˆΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΡ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ, час, Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Ρ–ΡˆΠ½ΡŒΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚Π° Π·ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ–ΡˆΠ½ΡŒΠΎΠ³ΠΎ повітря) Π²Ρ–Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ… Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ΅Ρ„Ρ–Ρ†Ρ–Ρ”Π½Ρ‚Π° корисної Π΄Ρ–Ρ—.The operational characteristics of the adsorption regenerator of low-potential heat and moisture are studied on the basis of composite sorbents β€œsilica gel-sodium sulfate” and β€œsilica gelsodium acetate” synthesized by the sol-gel method. By suggested algorithm speed, time, temperatures in the room and on the street were established according to temperature efficiency factor.Π˜ΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ эксплуатационныС характСристики адсорбционного Ρ€Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎ-ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ»Π° ΠΈ Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΈ Π½Π° основС ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… сорбСнтов «силикагСль - Π½Π°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ„Π°Ρ‚Β» ΠΈ «силикагСль - Π½Π°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ Π°Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Β», синтСзированных золь - гСль ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. Π‘ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠ° обоснованы ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ‹ процСссов эксплуатации (ΡΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, врСмя, Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π° Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ†Π΅) согласно ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ значСниям Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ коэффициСнта ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ дСйствия
    corecore