ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННЫЙ ОБРАЗ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА В КИНЕМАТОГРАФЕ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ КИНОФИЛЬМА «EX MACHINA» И СЕРИАЛА «МИР ДИКОГО ЗАПАДА»)

This study of the artistic image of artificial intelligence is aimed at demonstrating the inclusion of speculative fiction in modern media culture. The appeal to this topic is due to the need to illustrate the media policy in relation to fantastic discourse. Also, one of the goals of the article is to expand the analytical base of modern cultural philosophy in the field of science fiction research by including such materials as the movie "Ex machina" and the TV series "Westworld" in the review. The author proceeds from questions about how these examples of video production show artificial intelligence, what new aspect of interaction it brings to the general body of knowledge about the capabilities of artificial intelligence. As a result of the analysis of these materials, the following conclusions become reasonable. In both examples, artificial intelligence carriers are represented in the form of robotic androids of an anthropomorphic type, but Ava from "Ex machina"only pretends to show emotions, while in fact she does not experience them, and all the problems of androids from "Westworld" just come from the fact that they suddenly realized that they are possessed by emotions. Another difference between the two representations of artificial intelligence is the quantitative superiority of the androids from the second example over the first. In qualitative terms, there is also a difference, since in the universe of the second example there is a supercomputer, while in the first one only the initial stage of the invention of artificial intelligence is shown. The reason for such differences, in the author's opinion, is the time of action in each individual work: in "Ex machina" this is the near future, and in "Westworld" - a more remote period. The next characteristic that is analyzed is the optics from which the viewer is shown the story. In the first example, this is a view from the position of a human programmer, and in the second - from the position of android robots. Both approaches have a right to exist, but the second one has a greater potential, in the author's opinion, since empathy with artificial intelligence carriers allows us to solve moral and ethical dilemmas differently, and introduce new connotations in relation to them, and, consequently, get more data about the potential possibilities of such a future invention. The main conclusion of the study is the statement about the need for a fantastic discourse in the modern media culture in order to apply its predictive function, which demonstrates that the media policy regarding the absorption of speculative fiction brings a positive result in the field of social and cultural design.Настоящее исследование художественного образа искусственного интеллекта направлено на демонстрацию включения такого фантастического сюжета в современную медиакультуру. Обращение к данной тематике обусловлено необходимостью иллюстрации политики медиа в отношении фантастического дискурса. Также одной из целей статьи является расширение аналитической базы современной философии культуры в области исследования научной фантастики путем включения в нее таких материалов, как кинофильм «Ex machina» и сериал «Мир Дикого запада» в рассмотрение. Автор исходит из вопросов о том, как именно в данных примерах видеопроизводства показан искусственный интеллект, какой новый аспект взаимо-действия он привносит в общий корпус знаний о возможностях искусственного интеллекта. В результате аналитики указанных материалов обоснованными становятся следующие выводы. В обоих примерах носители искусственного интеллекта представлены в форме роботизированных андроидов антропоморфного вида, одна-ко Ава из «Ex machina» только притворяется, что проявляет эмоции, в то время как на самом деле не испытывает их, а все проблемы андроидов из «Мира Дикого запа-да» как раз происходят из того, что они внезапно осознали, что ими владеют эмоции. Другим отличием между двумя репрезентациями искусственного интеллекта является количественное превосходство андроидов из второго примера над первым. В качественном отношении так же присутствует разница, поскольку в универсуме второго примера существует суперкомпьютер, тогда как в первом показан лишь начальный этап изобретения искусственного интеллекта. Основанием таких разли-чий, на взгляд автора, является время действия в каждом отдельном произведении: в «Ex machina» это ближайшее будущее, а в «Мире Дикого запада» - более удаленный период. Следующей характеристикой, по которой производится анализ становится оптика, с позиции которой зрителю демонстрирют сюжет. В первом примереэто взгляд с позиции человека-программиста, а во второй – с позиции роботов-андроидов. Оба подхода имеют право на существование, однако больший потенциал, на взгляд автора, имеет второй, поскольку сопереживание носителям искусственного интеллекта позволяет иначе решать морально-этические дилеммы, и ввести в оборот новые коннотации в отношении к ним, а, следовательно, получить больше данных о потенциальных возможностях такового будущего изобретения. Основным выводом из исследования является утверждение о необходимости фантастического дискурса в современной медиакультуре с целью применения его про-гностической функции, демонстрирующей, что политика медиа в отношении вбирания в себя фантастики приносит положительный результат в области социокультурного проектирования

Accuracy of the pion elastic form factor extracted from a local-duality sum rule

We analyze the accuracy of the pion elastic form factor predicted by a local-duality (LD) version of dispersive sum rules. To probe the precision of this theoretical approach, we adopt potential models with interactions that involve both Coulomb and confining terms. In this case, the exact form factor may be obtained from the solution of the Schroedinger equation and confronted with the LD sum rule results. We use parameter values appropriate for hadron physics and observe that, independently of the details of the confining interaction, the deviation of the LD form factor from the exact form factor culminates in the region Q^2~4-6 GeV^2. For larger Q^2, the accuracy of the LD description increases rather fast with Q^2. A similar picture is expected for QCD. For the pion form factor, existing data suggest that the LD limit may be reached already at the relatively low values Q^2=4-10 GeV^2. Thus, large deviations of the pion form factor from the behaviour predicted by LD QCD sum rules for higher values of Q^2, as found by some recent analyses, appear to us quite improbable. New accurate data on the pion form factor at Q^2=4-10 GeV^2 expected soon from JLab will have important implications for the behaviour of the pion form factor in a broad Q^2 range up to asymptotically large values of Q^2.Comment: 12 pages, extended version, conclusions remain unchange

Bound-state properties from field-theory correlators

We discuss the details of calculating hadron properties from the OPE for correlators of quark currents in QCD, which constitutes the basis of the method of QCD sum rules. The main emphasis is laid on gaining control over the systematic uncertainties of the hadron parameters obtained within this method. We start with examples from quantum mechanics, where bound-state properties may be calculated independently in two ways: exactly, by solving the Schroedinger equation, and approximately, by the method of sum rules. Knowing the exact solution allows us to control each step of the sum-rule extraction procedure. On the basis of this analysis, we formulate several improvements of the method of sum rules. We then apply these modifications to the analysis of the decay constants of heavy mesons.Comment: Invited talk at "IIIrd International Conference on Hadron Physics TROIA'11", 22 - 25 August 2011, Canakkale Turkey, to be published in Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS

Features of nephropathy in various types of thrombotic microagniopathies in obstetric practice

Introduction. We assessed the features of kidney injury in patients with different types of TMA during pregnancy, taking into consideration the fact that the acute kidney injury (AKI) that occurs during pregnancy or in the early postpartum period is main- ly caused by various types of thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA), and AKI itself is a serious obstetric complication with the risk of serious complications and mortality for both mother and fetus.Objective of the study. To study the features of nephropathy in different types of pregnancy-associated TMA.Materials and methods. The study included 313 pregnant women, women in childbirth and puerperas, of which 71 women had atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), 124 – HELLP syndrome, 70 – varying degrees of severity of PE, a group of patients with more rare causes of TMA was also identified: TTP, CAPS and sepsis (13 patients) and 45 patients for the control group. We assessed and compared the main clinical, laboratory and instrumental data, and assessed the outcome of labour. Also, histological examination of the kidneys was performed in five patients with aHUS.Results and discussion. The results of the study have shown that the most severe manifestations of TMA in the form of target organ injury and nephropathy are usually occur in patients with aHUS, where all women developed AKI, in some cases with the formation of chronic kidney disease. In the HELLP syndrome group, AKI was recorded in 39%, but renal function quickly restored. It was found that the very fact of the presence of AKI points to a more unfavourable prognosis not only for the patients themselves, but also for the child, being the main risk factor for perinatal death. The findings of urinary sediment tests and morphological evaluation indicate that the resulting ischemia of the renal tissue in cases of aHUS, HELLP syndrome and other types of TMA can lead to tubular necrosis as compared with PE. Our results suggest that it is AKI in HELLP syndrome that is the main risk factor for perinatal death. Alas, this relationship is difficult to trace in patients with aHUS, as all of them had AKI.Conclusions. Timely recognition of the AKI phenomenon in all cases of obstetric TMA can reduce the risks for both mother and fetus. Both the prognosis for mother and the prognosis for child depend on AKI, and timely therapy can lead to a regression of AKI phenomena and the complete restoration of renal function

Rapid sequence-independent cellular response to oligodeoxynucleotides

AbstractThe presence of receptors for oligodeoxynucleotides (OdN) on the surface of L929 cells has previously been described. To study the possible coupling of the receptor to cellular signal transducing systems, the effect of phosphodiester OdN of different sequences on cellular phospholipase C and protein kinase C (PKC) activities in L929 fibroblasts was studied. Treatment of cells with OdN induced an increase in 32P labeling of phosphatidic acid which was accompanied by a gradual decrease in diacylglycerol. These effects seem to be independent of the OdN sequence. PKC activity in membranes isolated from OdN-treated cells was found to be lower than that in membranes of control cells. SDS-PAGE of the 32P-labeled cellular proteins revealed that OdN treatment caused a decrease in phosphorylation of the 26 and 73 kDa cellular proteins in the cells

Awareness and utilization of HIV testing and prevention services among female sex workers in Dnipro, Ukraine: implications for prevention program strengthening from the dynamics study

INTRODUCTION: Approximately 240,000 people live with HIV in Ukraine, concentrated among key populations, including sex workers. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play an important role in the funding and delivery of HIV testing and prevention services in Ukraine. These services are set within the context of national healthcare reforms as well as ongoing armed conflict. This study seeks to describe and understand the usage of HIV testing and prevention services among sex workers in the eastern Ukrainian city of Dnipro. METHODS: A cross-sectional bio-behavioral survey was administered in September 2017-March 2018 among 560 sex workers working in Dnipro. Descriptive analyses of survey data are presented alongside multivariable logistic regression models identifying factors associated with NGO awareness and HIV testing in the past 12 months; adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) are reported. RESULTS: Sixty-two percent of respondents were aware of NGOs offering HIV services. Sixty-eight percent had tested for HIV in the past 12 months, and 51% of those who reported the location of their most recent test were tested at an NGO. Those with 5-9 years in sex work had greater odds of being aware of NGOs (AOR = 5.5, 95%CI: 3.2-9.7) and testing for HIV (AOR = 3.4, 95%CI: 2.0-6.0) compared to those new to the profession. Contact with outreach workers was strongly associated with increased odds of testing (AOR = 13.0, 95%CI: 7.0-24.0). Sex workers in "offices" (brothel-like venues) reported higher odds of testing than all other workplaces, while those in entertainment venues (AOR = 0.3, 95%CI: 0.2-0.5) and public places (AOR = 0.2, 95%CI: 0.1-0.3) reported lower rates. Receiving prevention services, such as free condoms, was associated with increased testing (AOR = 16.9, 95%CI: 9.7-29.3). DISCUSSION: NGOs in Dnipro, Ukraine play an important role in HIV testing and prevention for women involved in sex work. However, focused efforts should be placed on supporting access to these services for women that are newer to sex work, and those working in entertainment venues or public places. Outreach workers appear to support access to HIV prevention information and supplies and facilitate linkages to HIV testing for sex workers

Embryonic infections as the main cause of the death of children with extremely low birth weight

In all cases o f death of children with extremely low body weight (100%) generalized congenital infection of bacterial and bacterial-fungal etiology were detecte

New Physics in b -> s mu+ mu-: CP-Violating Observables

We perform a comprehensive study of the impact of new-physics operators with different Lorentz structures on CP-violating observables involving the b -> s mu+ mu- transition. We examine the effects of new vector-axial vector (VA), scalar-pseudoscalar (SP) and tensor (T) interactions on the CP asymmetries in the branching ratios and forward-backward asymmetries of Bs -> mu mu, B -> Xs mu mu, Bs -> mu mu gamma, B -> K mu mu, and B -> K* mu mu. In B -> K* mu mu, we also explore the direct CP asymmetries in the longitudinal polarization fraction f_L and the angular asymmetries A_T^{(2)} and A_{LT}, as well as the triple-product CP asymmetries A_T^{(im)} and A^{(im)}_{LT}. We find that, in almost all cases, the CP-violating observables are sensitive only to new physics which involves VA operators. The VA new physics may therefore be unambiguously identified by a combined analysis of future measurements of these CP-violating observables.Comment: 26 pages, JHEP format, 21 figures. LaTeX error corrected, figures removed and changed, a comparison with previous literature added, references added and updated. Conclusions unchange

A cross-sectional survey exploring HIV and HCV prevalence among men who purchase sex in Dnipro, Ukraine

BACKGROUND: HIV programming in Ukraine largely targets "key population" groups. Men who purchase sex are not directly reached. The aim of our study was to explore the prevalence of sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections (STBBIs) among men who purchase sex from female sex workers. METHODS: Following geographic mapping and population size estimation at each "hotspot", we conducted a cross-sectional bio-behavioural survey with men who purchase sex between September 2017 and March 2018 in Dnipro, Ukraine. Eligibility criteria included purchasing sex services at a "hotspot" and being ≥ 18 years. Participants completed a structured questionnaire, followed by HIV/HCV rapid testing and a dried blood spot (DBS) sample collection for confirmatory serology. RESULTS: The study enrolled 370 participants. The median age was 32 (interquartile range [IQR] = 27-38) and the median age of first purchase of sexual services was 22 (IQR = 19-27). Over half (56%) of participants reported ever testing for HIV; four participants (2%, N = 206) reported having tested positive for HIV, with three out of the four reporting being on ART. Forty percent of participants had ever tested for HCV, with three (2%, N = 142) having ever tested positive for HCV. In DBS testing, nine participants (2.4%) tested positive for HIV and 24 (6.5%) tested positive for ever having an HCV infection. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of HIV and HCV in this population was high. Given high rates of study enrolment and testing, efforts should be made to reach men who purchase sex with expanded STBBI programming

BULK AND GRAIN BOUNDARIES CONDUCTIVITES OF LaYO3:CAO IN WET AND DRY AIR

Impedance spectroscopy was used to measure the conductivity of La1-x/2Y1-x/2CaxO3-α (x=0.1-10) at T=700-200оС and pH2O = 0.04-2.5 kPa. The bulk and grain boundaries conductivities were separated over the entire temperature range. It is found that the bulk and grain boundaries conductivities depend on the temperature and the wet of air.The highest proton conduction has been detected in the solid solution ofLa0.985Y0.985Ca0.03O3-α under wet air (pH2O=2.5kPa)