The Desulfurization Of Diesel Fuel Using Natural Zeolite Adsorbent

Common way has been done to reduce sulfur in fuels is by conventional techniques of hydro desulphurization (HDS), which needs high investment to reduce sulfur bounded as aromatic organosulphur. The alternative technologies of sulfur reduction is using a zeolite absorbent are promising due to ambient operating condition and simple technology. The experiment of sulfur reduction conducted by batch with temperatures around 25oC and contact time around 2 hours with stirring magnetic stirrer speed 100 RPM and addition some of weight zeolites into 100 mL of diesel fuels. Application of natural zeolite Lampung and Malang in experiment of sulfur reduction at diesel fuel with addition 1 g showed that sorption capacity (q) of zeolite Malang (0,58-0.60) larger than Zeolite Lampung (7,17) which is equally to sulfur reduction (h) of zeolite Malang (i.e. 7,17) in which larger than that of zeolite Lampung (i.e. 1,48%). The desulphurization treatment using Ni metal ion addition into zeolite shown the increasing of sorption capacity of Ni-Zeolite toward the decreasing of sulphur in diesel fuels. The highest improvement capacity of sorption occurred on zeolite Malang with addition 0.5 g Ni-zeolite that is 1.72

Pengaruh Keahlian Akuntansi dan Keuangan Komite Audit dan Dewan Komisaris terhadap Manajemen Laba

This study examines whether the proportion of members of the audit committee and board of commissioner with accounting and/or financial expertise reduces earnings management. Accounting expertise is separated to financial expertise because accounting expertise is assumed to be able to cope with more earnings management while financial expertise focuses more on the financial management of company's operations. By using panel data, this study finds that the existence of members of audit committee and board of commissioner with accounting expertise or financial expertise do not have a negative effect on earnings management. However, the existence of both expertises on members of board of commissioner reduces earnings management, while that is not the case for audit committee.---Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji apakah proporsi anggota komite audit dan anggota dewan komisaris yang memiliki keahlian akuntansi dan/atau keuangan mengurangi terjadinya manajemen laba Perusahaan. Pemisahan keahlian akuntansi dan keahlian keuangan dilakukan karena keahlian akuntansi diasumsikan lebih mampu mengatasi manajemen laba sementara keahlian keuangan lebih fokus pada pengelolaan keuangan dalam operasional Perusahaan. Dengan menggunakan panel data, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa anggota komite audit dan anggota dewan komisaris yang memiliki keahlian akuntansi atau keahlian keuangan tidak berpengaruh negatif terhadap manajemen laba. Namun, keberadaan kedua keahlian ini pada anggota dewan komisaris akan mengurangi manajemen laba Perusahaan sementara tidak demikian dengan hasil pengujian pada anggota komite audit

Knowledge and Skills of Emergency Care During Disaster for Community Health Volunteers: a Literature Review

Background: Nowadays, disaster preparedness and responses are essential for everyone to be involved since the disaster becomes increasing. The Community Health Volunteers (CHVs) in particular are the key partners required adequately prepared in emergency care during disaster event. Purpose: The study aims to examine the essential knowledge and skills of emergency care during natural disaster for CHVs. Method: The reviews published during 2000 and 2011 searching from PubMed, Science Direct, CINAHL, ProQuest Medical Library were conducted. Result: Twenty-four articles and documents related to community-based disaster preparedness programs were intensively reviewed. Based on the review, six components of knowledge and skills for emergency care in natural disaster for CHVs are required including 1) early warning, 2) disaster triage, 3) first aid, 4) search and rescue, 5) logistic and communication, and 6) team organizations. Conclusion: There was a few studies focusing on the emergency care in disaster management and some factors related to knowledge and skills were shown. It is therefore recommended that the current CHVs' knowledge and skills should be explored in order to assist people in their community following disaster event when professional responders are not immediately available to help

Selfconsistent hybridization expansions for static properties of the Anderson impurity model

By means of a projector-operator formalism we derive an approximation based on a self consistent hybridization expansion to study the ground state properties of the Anderson Impurity model. We applied the approximation to the general case of finite Coulomb repulsion $U$, extending previous work with the same formalism in the infinite-$U$ case. The treatment provides a very accurate calculation of the ground state energy and their related zero temperature properties in the case in which $U$ is large enough, but still finite, as compared with the rest of energy scales involved in the model. The results for the valence of the impurity are compared with exact results that we obtain from equations derived using the Bethe ansatz and with a perturbative approach. The magnetization and magnetic susceptibility is also compared with Bethe ansatz results. In order to do this comparison, we also show how to regularize the Bethe ansatz integral equations necessary to calculate the impurity valence, for arbitrary values of the parameters.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure