Biologi Reproduksi Ikan Beseng-beseng (Marosatherina Ladigesi Ahl, 1936) di Beberapa Sungai di Sulawesi Selatan [Reproductive Biology Of Celebes Rainbowfish (Marosatherina Ladigesi Ahl, 1936) In Some Rivers Of South Sulawesi]

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis biologi reproduksi ikan beseng-beseng di Sulawesi Selatan meliputi nisbah ke- lamin, fekunditas, diameter telur, indeks kematangan gonad, tingkat kematangan gonad, dan musim pemijahan. Lokasi pengambilan sampel meliputi Sungai Bantimurung, Sungai Sawae, Sungai Asanae, dan Sungai Jenae. Penelitian dilaku- kan selama satu tahun mulai Januari sampai Desember 2014. Pengambilan sampel ikan menggunakan alat tangkap se- ser. Sampel ikan yang tertangkap dipisahkan berdasarkan jenis kelamin dan diukur panjang total, bobot tubuh, bobot gonad dan fekunditas. Pengukuran panjang total ikan menggunakan mistar geser berketelitian 0,1 mm, sedangkan bobot tubuh dan bobot gonad menggunakan timbangan analitik berketelitian 0,01 g. Gonad diawetkan dalam larutan formalin 4%, untuk penentuan fekunditas, diameter telur, indeks kematangan gonad, dan tingkat kematangan gonad. Nisbah ke- lamin tidak seimbang pada setiap bulan dan fekunditas ikan berkisar antara 98-978 butir. Hubungan fekunditas dengan panjang tubuh ikan berkorelasi erat, sedangkan hubungan fekunditas dengan bobot tubuh berkorelasi lemah. Sebaran diamater telur bervariasi dan tipe pemijahan tidak serentak. Indeks kematangan gonad ikan jantan dan betina meningkat pada bulan Agustus, September, Oktober, November, Desember dan Januari. Ikan yang yang matang gonad ditemukan setiap bulan pengamatan dan puncak pemijahan terjadi pada bulan Desember

Effect Of Spray-dried Ethanolic Extract of Andrographis Paniculata (Burm. F.) Nees On Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Female Rats.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of commercially prepared spray-dried ethanolic extract ol Andrographis paniculafa (AP) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic female rats. METHODOLOGY: Rats with regular estrous cycle (EC) prior to STZ induction were randomly divided into five groups. The normal (nondiabetic) and diabetic controlgroups were given vehicle [0.2 ml of 2o/o carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC) by gavagingl daily for 6 weeks. Other diabetic groups were treated with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day of AP extracts respectively. The rats' body weight (BW), fasting blood glucose and insulin level were measured; and daily, EC evaluation was perfo;.ry1e.d1 throughout the 6-week study period. At the end.olthe experiment, rats were sacrificed and their P4fprpases were removed for histological examination."RESU LTS':, The survival rates and estrous cycle,'$f''AP-treatbd diabetic animals were found to be improved compared to nontreated animals

Shortening of membrane lipid acyl chains compensates for phosphatidylcholine deficiency in choline-auxotroph yeast

Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is an abundant membrane lipid component in most eukaryotes, including yeast, and has been assigned multiple functions in addition to acting as building block of the lipid bilayer. Here, by isolating S. cerevisiae suppressor mutants that exhibit robust growth in the absence of PC, we show that PC essentiality is subject to cellular evolvability in yeast. The requirement for PC is suppressed by monosomy of chromosome XV or by a point mutation in the ACC1 gene encoding acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Although these two genetic adaptations rewire lipid biosynthesis in different ways, both decrease Acc1 activity, thereby reducing average acyl chain length. Consistently, soraphen A, a specific inhibitor of Acc1, rescues a yeast mutant with deficient PC synthesis. In the aneuploid suppressor, feedback inhibition of Acc1 through acyl-CoA produced by fatty acid synthase (FAS) results from upregulation of lipid synthesis. The results show that budding yeast regulates acyl chain length by fine-tuning the activities of Acc1 and FAS and indicate that PC evolved by benefitting the maintenance of membrane fluidity

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Tualang honey in alkali injury on the eyes of rabbits: Experimental animal study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Alkali injury is one of the most devastating injuries to the eye. It results in permanent unilateral or bilateral visual impairment. Chemical eye injury is accompanied by an increase in the oxidative stress. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents play a major role in the treatment of chemical eye injuries. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory (clinical and histopathological) and antioxidant effects of Tualang honey versus conventional treatment in alkali injury on the eyes of rabbits.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A preliminary study was carried out prior to the actual study to establish the alkali chemical injury on rabbit's cornea and we found that alkali chemical injury with 2 N NaOH showed severe clinical inflammatory features. In actual study, alkali injury with 2 N NaOH was induced in the right eye of 10 New Zealand White rabbits' cornea. The rabbits were divided into two groups, Group A was given conventional treatment and Group B was treated with both topical and oral Tualang honey. Clinical inflammatory features of the right eye were recorded at 12 hours, 24 hours, 72 hours, 5^thday and 7^thday post induction of alkali burn on the cornea. The histopathological inflammatory features of the right corneas of all rabbits were also evaluated on day-7. The level of total antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation products in the aqueous humour, vitreous humour and serum at day-7 were estimated biochemically. Fisher's Exact, Chi-Square and Mann-Whitney test were used to analyse the data.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There was no statistically significant difference in clinical inflammatory features (p > 0.05) between honey treated and the conventional treated group at different times of examination. Histopathological examination of the cornea showed the number of polymorphonuclear leucocytes was below 50 for both groups (mild grade). There was also no significant difference in the level of total antioxidant status as well as lipid peroxidation products in aqueous humour (p = 0.117, p = 0.382 respectively), vitreous humour (p = 0.917, p = 0.248 respectively) and serum (p = 0.917, p = 0.332 respectively) between honey treated and the conventional treated group.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Tualang honey has almost the equal effects when compared with the conventional treatment in treating alkali injury on rabbit's eye. Future research with more number of rabbits and control group is warranted to explore the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Tualang honey.</p

High catechin concentrations detected in Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) by high performance liquid chromatography analysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Withania somnifera </it>is an important medicinal plant traditionally used in the treatment of many diseases. The present study was carried out to characterize the phenolic acids, flavonoids and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging activities in methanolic extracts of <it>W. somnifera </it>fruits, roots and leaves (WSFEt, WSREt and WSLEt).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>WSFEt, WSREt and WSLEt was prepared by using 80% aqueous methanol and total polyphenols, flavonoids as well as DPPH radical scavenging activities were determined by spectrophotometric methods and phenolic acid profiles were determined by HPLC methods.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>High concentrations of both phenolics and flavonoids were detected in all parts of the plant with the former ranging between 17.80 ± 5.80 and 32.58 ± 3.16 mg/g (dry weight) and the latter ranging between 15.49 ± 1.02 and 31.58 ± 5.07 mg/g. All of the three different plant parts showed strong DPPH radical scavenging activities (59.16 ± 1.20 to 91.84 ± 0.38%). Eight polyphenols (gallic, syringic, benzoic, p-coumaric and vanillic acids as well as catechin, kaempferol and naringenin) have been identified by HPLC in parts of the plant as well. Among all the polyphenols, catechin was detected in the highest concentration (13.01 ± 8.93 to 30.61 ± 11.41 mg/g).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The results indicating that <it>W. somnifera </it>is a plant with strong therapeutic properties thus further supporting its traditional claims. All major parts of <it>W. somnifera </it>such as the roots, fruits and leaves provide potential benefits for human health because of its high content of polyphenols and antioxidant activities with the leaves containing the highest amounts of polyphenols specially catechin with strong antioxidant properties.</p

Optimizing the Implementation of Religious Development at the Taklim Council in Strengthening Religious Character Education and Social Care for Muslim Women

The purpose of this study was to describe the optimization of the implementation of religious development at the Taklim Council in Strengthening Religious Character Education and Social Care for Muslimah in Watampone, Bone Regency, Indonesia. This type of research is field research, while the research instruments are observation guides, interview guidelines, and documentation tools. The results showed that the optimization of the implementation of religious development at the taklim assembly in the formation of religious character and social care for Muslim women in Watampone, Bone Regency, was adjusted to the guidelines for organizing the taklim assembly listed in Regulation of The Minister of Religion Republic of Indonesia (PMA RI). Number. 29 of 2019 includes: management, teacher (ustadz/ustadzah), congregation, place and curriculum for the taklim assembly which includes 3 aspects, namely: aspects of faith, worship and morals. Optimizing the development of the Taklim Council in shaping religious character is implemented into the work program of the taklim assembly, in the form of: public lectures every month, Yasinan every Friday night between Maghrib and Isha and reading of surah al-Kahf, guidance on tajwid science, study of al-Mishbah interpretation, remembrance, prayer, as well as tahlilan, ta'ziyah and mangaji tomate. Meanwhile, in shaping the character of social care, it is manifested in programs: remembrance of selawat if there is a marriage, akikah, moving house and going on a pilgrimage, services for bathing and shrouding Muslim bodies, tahlilan services, ta'ziyah and mangaji tomate if a resident dies. Other programs are: Germas (Mosque Cleaning of Mosques and the Environment), Commemoration of Islamic holidays, breaking fast, recreation (Refreshing) to tourist attractions, reproductive health counseling, family nutrition counseling, and social assistance

Kesuburan tanah

xxii+258hlm.;21c