role of evaluating tumor infiltrating lymphocytes programmed death ligand 1 and mismatch repair proteins expression in malignant mesothelioma

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IGFBP2 as an Immunohistochemical Marker for Prostatic Adenocarcinoma

AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) in normal epithelium, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HG-PIN), and prostatic adenocarcinoma (PAc), in patients hormonally untreated and in those having undergone complete androgen ablation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: IGFBP2 expression was evaluated in PAc, HG-PIN, and normal-appearing epithelium in 40 radical prostatectomies from hormonally untreated patients and 10 radical prostatectomies from patients under complete androgen ablation before surgery. The study also included the initial biopsies of such patients, and an additional 10 simple prostatectomies from patients with bladder outlet obstruction. Statistics included receiver-operator characteristic curves, the Wilcoxon test, and the Spearman test. Results were compared with \u3b1-methylacyl-CoA racemase. RESULTS: The principal findings were: (1) IGFBP2 was not expressed in normal ducts and acini of the transition and peripheral zones; (2) IGFBP2 was expressed in the cytoplasm of untreated PAc and, to a lesser extent, in HG-PIN; (3) it was also expressed in PAc and HG-PIN after complete androgen ablation, but to a lesser extent than in the untreated neoplasms; (4) \u3b1-methylacyl-CoA racemase was expressed both in PAc and HG-PIN, the level being similar in both lesions and lower in the specimens from the patients having undergone androgen ablation. CONCLUSIONS: Results obtained show that IGFBP2 is expressed in invasive PAc, whereas its expression in HG-PIN is low. These findings can be helpful in the correct diagnosis of PAc both in biopsies and in surgical specimens, mainly in untreated patients

La malformazione congenita adenomatoido-cistica del polmone nell’adulto: difficoltà diagnostiche e approccio chirurgico

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Amyloidoma involving the orbit, Meckel\u2019s cave and infratemporal fossa: 3T MRI findings.

Amyloidoma is a rare lesion characterized by tissue deposition of an abnormal fibrillary protein (amyloid). It is the focal and localized counterpart of systemic amyloidosis, where the deposition of amyloid diffusely involves several organs. The few literature reports of intracranial amyloidomas include lesions involving the pituitary gland, orbit, cerebral hemispheres, temporal bone, cerebellopontine angle and jugular foramen. We describe the case of a 27-year-old woman presenting with painless slowly progressive proptosis of the right eye. The patient underwent a contrast-enhanced CT study of the head, followed by 3T MRI which disclosed a homogeneous mass in the right Meckel's cave and cavernous sinus, extending through an enlarged foramen ovale to the infratemporal fossa. The right optic nerve and ocular muscles were enlarged and infiltrated along with the retrobulbar fat by contrast-enhancing tissue. Thin contrast-enhanced MRI scans through the area of interest showed the mass to extend posterior to the gasserian ganglion, involving the cerebellopontine angle cistern, where the intracisternal parts of the III, V, and VI nerves bilaterally appeared enlarged and showed perineural enhancement. The lesion closely mimicked a malignant tumor with perineural tumor infiltration, so we performed fine needle biopsy of the portion of the lesion near the right foramen ovale under fluoroscopic guidance. Histopathology revealed that the lesion was an amyloidoma. Further clinical and blood examinations, serum chemistry, followed by biopsy of the periumbilical fat showed no signs of systemic amyloidosis or an underlying inflammatory or neoplastic disorder. No further treatment was instituted, follow-up MRI six months later showed no enlargement of the mass

Clinicopathological Features of Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma with BRAF Mutation

(1) Background: BRAF mutations affect 4–5% of lung adenocarcinomas. This study aimed to analyze the clinicopathological features of lung carcinomas with BRAF mutations, focusing on V600E vs. non-V600E and the presence of co-mutations. (2) Methods: All BRAF-mutated lung carcinomas were retrieved from a molecular diagnostic unit (the reference unit for four different hospitals). The samples were analyzed using next-generation sequencing. Statistical analyses included log-rank tests for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). (3) Results: In total, 60 BRAF-mutated lung carcinomas were retrieved: 24 (40.0%) with V600E and 36 (60.0%) with non-V600E mutations, and 21 (35.0%) with other co-mutations and 39 (65.0%) with only BRAF mutations. Survival data were available for 54/60 (90.0%) cases. Targeted therapy was documented in 11 cases. Patients with V600E mutations exhibited a better prognosis than patients with non-V600E mutations (p = 0.008 for OS, p = 0.018 for PFS); this was confirmed in PFS (p = 0.036) when considering only patients who received no targeted therapy. Patients with co-mutations displayed no prognostic difference compared to patients carrying only BRAF mutations (p = 0.590 for OS, p = 0.938 for PFS). (4) Conclusions: BRAF-mutated lung carcinomas with V600E (40.0%) had a better prognosis than those without V600E. Concomitant co-mutations (35.0%) did not affect the prognosis