The Effects of Parenting Style and Feeding Style on Child Weight Status: A Systematic Review

Childhood obesity is a global health concern. According to the World Health, prevalence of obesity decupled in the last four decades, where 124 million children and adolescents are now considered obese (“Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity”, 2019). Organization Interactions between parenting styles and feeding styles play a critical role in the development of a child\u27s lifestyle habits, which may impact their weight status. The purpose of this study was to identify how parenting and feeding styles impact a child’s weight status. A systematic review of the literature, guided by The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence Analysis Manual protocol, was conducted using three electronic databases. Inclusion criteria included: Children aged between 2-12 years, child weight status in BMI (kg/m2), and parenting and feeding style descriptions. Nine studies were selected based on the inclusion criteria. The results showed that authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful parenting styles were linked to higher BMI in children, which may be explained by the lack of self-control that accelerates to excessive food consumption. The authoritative parenting style was linked to lower child weight status. Culture also influenced the relationship between parenting style and the child’s weight. The results suggest that the use of a more authoritative style of parenting that focuses on identifying and following on a child’s hunger and satiety cues may aid in moderating a child’s weight status. Interventions from health professionals should involve teaching families about modeling healthy behaviors, building and reinforcing positive attitudes towards healthy eating, and exercising self-control in food consumption

Designing Albaha Internet of Farming Architecture

Up to now, most farmers in Albaha, Saudi Arabia are still practicing traditional way, which is not optimized in term of water usage, quality of product, etc. At the same time, nowadays ICT becomes a key driver for Innovation in Farming. In this project, we propose a smart Internet of farming system to assist farmers in Albaha to optimize their farm productivity by providing accurate information to the farmers the right time prediction to harvest, to fertilize, to watering and other activities related to the farming/agriculture technology. The proposed system utilizes wireless sensor cloud to capture remotely important data such as temperature, humidity, soil condition (moisture, water level), etc., and then they are sent to a storage servers at Albaha University cloud. An adaptive knowledge engine will process the captured data into knowledge and the farmers can retrieve the knowledge using their smartphones via the Internet

Defragmenting the terms self-employed, entrepreneur and business owner

There is a growing belief from a range of sources that the only way forward economically is through the support and growth of entrepreneurial behaviour (Olaison, & Sørensen, 2014). Consequently, governments have been developing policies to facilitate entrepreneurship, universities have set up programmes to encourage entrepreneurship and organisations exist to support entrepreneurship (Rae and Woodier-Harris N, 2012; Anderson et al, 2014). Unfortunately, it is not clear exactly what entrepreneurial behaviour is and is not (Hunter, 2012). There are multiple theories on the nature of entrepreneurial behaviour (Shook, Priem, & McGee, 2003; Davidson, 2004; O’Gorman, 2015). This lack of clarity and disagreement causes confusion about the roles and actions of people who engage in entrepreneurial behaviour (Lyons, Lynn, & Bhaird, 2015). Part of the confusion lies in the way people who own operate businesses are defined. Traditionally people who work for themselves are seen as either self-employed, entrepreneurs or business owners. However, despite having different meanings, the terms are often used interchangeably (Parker, 2004; Hartog et al., 2010; Van Solinge, 2015), primarily for the purpose of convenience or simplicity. The interchangeable use of the terms in an environment, in which entrepreneurial behaviour is the favoured phenomenon, is likely to suppress important debates around the nature of entrepreneurial behaviour. This suppression is likely to divert the attention of policy makers and supporters away from important issues concerning the different roles, functions and needs of the self-employed, entrepreneurs or business owners. As a result, support that focuses on entrepreneurship could be at the expense of the other roles. Therefore, there is a need for academic research to seek clarity concerning the use of different terms used to describe people who work for themselves. The authors intend to present a discussion paper that aims to generate some clarity around what the terms self-employed, entrepreneur and business owner actually mean. The purpose of this study is to consolidate a number of notions, theories and concepts found in the literature concerning the definition, conceptualisation and characterisation of self-employed, entrepreneur and business owner. The intention is to identify both similarities or overlaps and distinct differences, in order construct a model that embraces self-employed, entrepreneur and business owner in a single structure

The Level of Awareness of Female Teachers of Students with Learning Disabilities with the Concepts of Sustainable Development and Their Application in Elementary Schools

The current study aimed to identify the level of familiarity of teachers with learning disabilities with the concepts of sustainable development and their application in the elementary schools in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Learning disabilities in the concepts of sustainable development, and the second dimension is their application of these concepts in the primary stage, and the psychometric properties of validity and stability were verified, and the study sample consisted of (100) female teachers. The results found that there were no differences in the teachers’ knowledge of the concepts of sustainable development and their application in the primary stage due to the variable of experience, while it was found that there were differences due to the variable of academic qualification in favor of the higher qualification over the lower one. Generally, the total mean of the awareness and application for the age (from 1 to 5 years is 4.17) and the SD is 0.89, (from 5 to 10 years is 4.35) and the SD is 0.59, (from 10 to 15 years is 4.27) and the SD is 0.81, and (more than 15 years 13 is 4.37) and the SD is 0.52.The study came out with some recommendations, it is necessary to strengthen and encourage female teachers to maintain a high level of awareness and application of the concepts of sustainable development in schools for elementary school

Renoprotective effect of red grape (Vitis vinifera L.) juice and dark raisins against hypercholesterolaemia-induced tubular renal affection in albino rats

Background: Red grape juice (RGJ) and dark raisins (DR) are rich in polyphenols and antioxidants. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of RGJ and DR in protec- ting the renal tubules against hypercholesteraemic-induced pathological changes.  Materials and methods: Forty albino rats divided into four groups (n = 10) were utilised in this study. They included the control, high cholesterol diet (HCD)-fed, HCD+RGJ-fed, and HCD+DR-fed groups. Body weight gain, food and water in- take, blood and insulin levels, lipid profile and kidney functions were assessed at the start of the experiment and after 12 weeks. The right kidney was dissected out and processed for both light and electron microscopic examination. Desmin and cytokeratin antibodies were utilised as histologic markers to assess the integrity of the proximal (PTs) and distal tubules (DTs) of the kidney.  Results: Administration of HCD resulted in hypercholesterolaemia in rats as evi- denced by the lipid profile. The PTs of hypercholesteraemic rats appeared dilated with hyaline casts and mitochondria in most of the tubular cells were affected. Immunohistochemical assessment revealed affection of both PTs and DTs. Both RGJ and DR, when administered along with the HCD for 12 weeks, improved the lipid profile, kidney functions as well as the histologic and cellular changes-induced by hypercholesterolaemia in the rats. The effect of raisins was superior to RGJ which might be due to its high contents of fibres and proteins.  Conclusions: This study highlighted the importance of supplementation of red grape and raisins in protection against the harmful effects induced by deposition of fat on the renal tubules’ structure and function.