DETERMINATION OF SUITABLE CHEMICAL EXTRACTION METHODS FOR AVAILABLE IRON CONTENT OF THE SOILS FROM EDIRNE PROVINCE IN TURKEY

The aim of this research was to determine the available iron (Fe) content of the soils of Edirne Province and the most suitable chemical extraction method. Eight chemical extraction methods (0.005 M DTPA + 0.01 M CaCl2 + 0.1 M TEA; 0.05 M HCl + 0.012 M H2SO4; 1 M NH4OAc (pH: 4.8); 0.01 M EDTA + 1 M NH4OAc; 1 M MgCl2; 0.01 M EDTA + 1 M (NH4)2CO3; 0.005 M DTPA + 1 M NH4HCO3 and 0.001 M EDDHA methods) and six biological indices (dry matter yield, Fe concentration, Fe uptake, relative dry matter yield, relative Fe concentration, relative Fe uptake) were compared. Biological indices were determined with Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown under greenhouse conditions. At the end of the experiment, the highest correlation coefficients (r) were determined to be between the 0.005 M DTPA + 0.01 M CaCl2 + 0.1 M TEA method and the biological indices and between the 0.005 M DTPA + 1 M NH4HCO3 method and the biological indices. The correlation coefficients (r) for the 0.005 M DTPA + 0.01 M CaCl2 +0.1 M TEA method were r=0.621**; r=0.823**; r=0.810**; r=0.433**; r=0.558** and r=0.640** and for the 0.005 M DTPA + 1 M NH4HCO3 method r=0.618** ; r=0.520**; r=0.679**; r=0.521**; r=0.492** and r=0.641**, (**:p<0.01) respectively. These extraction methods, among all the methods tested were suggested for the determination of available Fe content of Edirne Province soils

Composing first species counterpoint with a variable neighbourhood search algorithm

In this article, a variable neighbourhood search (VNS) algorithm is developed that can generate musical fragments consisting of a melody for the cantus firmus and the first species counterpoint. The objective function of the algorithm is based on a quantification of existing rules for counterpoint. The VNS algorithm developed in this article is a local search algorithm that starts from a randomly generated melody and improves it by changing one or two notes at a time. A thorough parametric analysis of the VNS reveals the significance of the algorithm's parameters on the quality of the composed fragment, as well as their optimal settings. A comparison of the VNS algorithm with a developed genetic algorithm shows that the VNS is more efficient. The VNS algorithm has been implemented in a user-friendly software environment for composition, called Optimuse. Optimuse allows a user to specify a number of characteristics such as length, key and mode. Based on this information, Optimuse 'composes' both cantus firmus and first species counterpoint. Alternatively, the user may specify a cantus firmus, and let Optimuse compose the accompanying first species counterpoint. © 2012 Taylor & Francis

Immunogenic and Antigenic Profiles of Nine Lactococcus garvieae Strains from Different Rainbow Trout Farms

The aims of this study were to determine differences with respect to immunogenic potency in the antigenic profiles of nine Lactococcus garvieae strains from Turkey, Spain, and England, to develop a bacterin, and to examine the immunological response of rainbow trout to the bacterin. The strains had identical Western blot patterns with 30, 37, 40, 46, 52, and 66 kDA mw protein bands. After culturing the bacteria, proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred to Immobilon membranes. The membranes were incubated with hyperimmune rabbit sera obtained by immunizing a rabbit against L. garvieae. One group of 50 fish was immunized with formalin- killed bacterin prepared from the most immunogenic strain of L. garvieae. A second group of 50 fish served as an unimmunized control. Four weeks after vaccination, both groups were chal- lenged intraperitoneally with a homologous strain. The protection rate of the bacterin was judged by the relative percent survival (RPS) of the groups. A significantly high level of protection was achieved in the vaccinated group (88.8% RPS)

Inverse Problems for the Quadratic Pencil of the Sturm-Liouville Equations with Impulse

In this study some inverse problems for a boundary value problem generated with a quadratic pencil of Sturm-Liouville equations with impulse on a finite interval are considered. Some useful integral representations for the linearly independent solutions of a quadratic pencil of Sturm-Liouville equation have been derived and using these, important spectral properties of the boundary value problem are investigated; the asymptotic formulas for eigenvalues, eigenfunctions, and normalizing numbers are obtained. The uniqueness theorems for the inverse problems of reconstruction of the boundary value problem from the Weyl function, from the spectral data, and from two spectra are proved

l Evolution of Reporting on Corporate Social Responsibility by the Companies in ISE National-30 Index in Turkey

Purpose - The Purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the evolution of reporting on corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Istanbul Stock Exchange companies

Interrogating melodic similarity:a definitive phenomenon or the product of interpretation?

The nature of melodic similarity is interrogated through a survey of the different means by which the phenomenon has been studied, examination of methods for measuring melodic similarity, a Monte Carlo analysis of data from the experiment which formed the basis for the ‘ground truth’ used in the MIREX 2005 contest on melodic similarity, and examples of interest in the music of Mozart. Melodic similarity has been studied by a number of means, sometimes quite contrasting, which lead to important differences in the light of the finding that similarity is dependent on context. Models of melodic similarity based on reduction show that the existence of multiple possible reductions forms a natural basis for similarity to depend on interpretation. Examination of the MIREX 2005 data shows wide variations in subjects’ judgements of melodic similarity and some evidence that the perceived similarity between two melodies can be influenced by the presence of a third melody. Examples from Mozart suggest that he deliberately exploited the possibilities inherent in recognising similarity through different interpretations. It is therefore proposed that similarity be thought of not as a distinct and definite function of two melodies but as something created in the minds of those who hear the melodies