Kecukupan Konsumsi Sayur dan Buah pada Siswa SMA Negeri 1 Kuantan Hilir

A problem related eating behaviour is low consumption of fruit and vegetable. The number of sufficiency of fruit and vegetable consumption that recommended by WHO 2003 is 500 gr each day or equal to 3-5 portion. Riskesdas 2007 had found 93,7% of 10-24 years old Indonesian teenagers that had low fruit and vegetable consumption. The aim of this research was to describe fruit and vegetable consumption in SMAN 1 Kuantan Hilir students. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. This study showed most subjects had sufficient fruit and vegetable consumption, good intake of vitamin A, good knowledge of fruit and vegetable intake, and good attitude of fruit and vegetable intake

The level of IL-1?, IL-10 and IL-17A in Alzheimer's disease patients: Comparative study

The objective of this study is to evaluate the level of cytokines IL-1?, IL-10 and IL-17A in the serum of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD) and down syndrome (DS). The results showed that Serum level of IL-1? was significantly increased in AD patients (3.79 ± 0.26 pg/ml) as compared with DS patients (2.78 ± 0.39 pg/ml) or controls (2.78 ± 0.22 pg/ml), while no significant difference was observed between AD and VD (3.25 ± 0.20 pg/ml) patients or between VD patients, DS patients and controls. The serum level of IL-10 was approximated in VD and DS patients and controls (3.39 ± 0.24, 2.77 ± 0.39 and 3.41 ± 0.35 pg/ml, respectively), but was significantly (P ? 0.05) increased in AD patients (5.73 ± 0.55 pg/ml) as compared to these groups. The serum level IL-17A was significantly increased in AD and VD patients (6.28 ± 0.35 and 5.32 ± 0.42 pg/ml, respectively) as compared with DS patients (3.75 ± 0.40 pg/ml) or controls (4.05 ± 0.28 pg/ml).IL-10 is important to diffrentiation between AD and VD

IDENTIFICATION OF RISK FACTORS AND SYMPTOMS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE ON ELDERLY IN NURSING HOME ‘X’ PEKANBARU

Background: At this time, Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is still a world health problem, CKD is usually undetected until it reaches the severe or terminal stage. CKD ranks 16th as a cause of death worldwide. Nationally, CKD has been the second largest expense following heart disease. This study was conducted to identify the symptoms and risk factors for chronic kidney disease in the elderly in social care institutions who are the population at risk. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on 38 elderly people aged ≥60 years who are residents of nursing home 'X'. The residents of the nursing home who met the criteria of inclusion were interviewed and identified the risk factors and symptoms of CKD by conducting interviews using the available questionnaires and physical examination. Data were collected and presented in frequency distribution table. Results: from 38 respondents, 15 respondents had history of hypertension, 10 respondents had a history of diabetes mellitus, 16 respondents had history of smoking, 8 with history of NSAIDS use, and no one has history of kidney disease. The highest count of risk factor was found in 1 respondent (2.6%), meanwhile respondent with 1 and 2 risk factors was found in 11 respondents (28.9%). The most frequent symptom of CKD that appeared among respondents was decreased libido which 26 respondents experienced every day and the rarest symptom of kidney disease that appeared among respondents were restless legs which 35 respondents have never experienced. Conclusion: Almost every respondent had risk factor/s of CKD with the most frequent distribution of risk factor is 1-2 risk factor/s in one respondent and the most frequent symptom among respondents is impotence/decreased libido.

Effect of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation among late-subacute and chronic stroke survivors with fatigue: A randomized-controlled crossover trial protocol

Post-stroke fatigue (PSF) is a commonly overlooked symptom that impacts daily functioning and quality of life. It is caused by altered functional connectivity within the brain networks, which can potentially be influenced by neuromodulation. Multiple cortical regions have been targeted to reduce PSF, but the most efficient ones remain uncertain. Therefore, we aim to identify the most appropriate cortical stimulation site to reduce PSF. Twenty participants with PSF will be included in this cross-over trial. Each participant will receive one session of active anodal high definition- transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) over three different cortical areas and one session of sham tDCS in a cross-over manner, with a two-week of washout period in between. Pre- and post- fatigue will be assessed using Fatigue Severity Scale and fatigability using electromyography by determining the time to task failure. Resting-state electroencephalography will be performed before and after each stimulation session to determine the functional connectivity of the cortical areas stimulated

Prevalence of bone metastases and bone-targeting agent use among solid tumor patients in the United States

Rohini K Hernandez,1 Avanti Adhia,2 Sally W Wade,3 Emily O’Connor,1 Jorge Arellano,1 Kevin Francis,2 Hasmik Alvrtsyan,4 Ryan P Million,4 Alexander Liede5 1Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, 2Trinity Partners, Waltham, MA, 3Wade Outcomes Research and Consulting, Salt Lake City, UT, 4Trinity Partners, New York, NY, 5Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA Purpose: Patients with bone metastases are at an increased risk of experiencing morbidity due to bone complications, and bone-targeting agents (BTA) are indicated for the prevention of these complications. Population-based estimates of the prevalence of bone metastases associated with solid tumors, and current treatment patterns for these patients, are limited. This study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of bone metastases from solid tumors and to describe recent trends in the use of BTA in the US. Methods: We estimated the prevalence of bone metastases in the US in 2012 using data from Medicare fee-for-service and PharMetrics Plus, a large commercial claims database. We evaluated the proportion of patients with bone metastases who were treated with BTA in 2012, timing of initiation of BTA relative to bone metastasis diagnosis, and persistence on BTA, overall and by primary tumor type and treatment. Results: There were ~330,000 (168,063 Medicare fee-for-service; 162,239 other) patients aged ≥18 years living with solid tumors and bone metastases in 2012. BTA were used by 43% (Commercial) to 47% (Medicare) of patients in 2012, with the greatest use among breast cancer patients. Over half (Medicare: 57%; Commercial: 53%) of BTA-treated patients initiated BTA after experiencing a bone complication. Conclusion: Of the estimated 330,000 solid tumor patients living with bone metastases in the US in 2012, many may have received less than optimal care to prevent bone complications during the calendar year. Keywords: bone metastasis, prevalence, solid tumo

Tinnitus and Tinnitus Disorder: Theoretical and Operational Definitions (An International Multidisciplinary Proposal)

As for hypertension, chronic pain, epilepsy and other disorders with particular symptoms, a commonly accepted and unambiguous definition provides a common ground for researchers and clinicians to study and treat the problem. The WHO\u27s ICD11 definition only mentions tinnitus as a nonspecific symptom of a hearing disorder, but not as a clinical entity in its own right, and the American Psychiatric Association\u27s DSM-V doesn\u27t mention tinnitus at all. Here we propose that the tinnitus without and with associated suffering should be differentiated by distinct terms: Tinnitus for the former and Tinnitus Disorder for the latter. The proposed definition then becomes Tinnitus is the conscious awareness of a tonal or composite noise for which there is no identifiable corresponding external acoustic source, which becomes Tinnitus Disorder when associated with emotional distress, cognitive dysfunction, and/or autonomic arousal, leading to behavioural changes and functional disability. . In other words Tinnitus describes the auditory or sensory component, whereas Tinnitus Disorder reflects the auditory component and the associated suffering. Whereas acute tinnitus may be a symptom secondary to a trauma or disease, chronic tinnitus may be considered a primary disorder in its own right. If adopted, this will advance the recognition of tinnitus disorder as a primary health condition in its own right. The capacity to measure the incidence, prevalence, and impact will help in identification of human, financial, and educational needs required to address acute tinnitus as a symptom but chronic tinnitus as a disorder