The Phenomenon of Leadership Among Middle Management Leaders in Public Schools in Bahrain: Aspects of Performance, Personality Pattern Analysis, Impact Strategies, and Challenges

The concept of middle school management leadership refers to teachers who teach and have leadership roles. This study aimed to investigate the phenomenon of leadership among middle management leaders in the Kingdom of Bahrain who occupy the positions of heads or coordinators of school departments in public schools. The current study followed the qualitative methodology by analyzing the final projects of teachers who finished the Understanding Leadership course for teachers in 2022. The study sample consisted of (21) projects (presented by 5 males and 16 females) who occupy middle leadership positions in public schools. The study instrument was an analysis sheet that included the dimensions to be studied, the aspects of performance to be changed, personal leadership styles according to international standards and self-reflection, the impact strategies used, and the challenges and strategies used to confront them. The results of the study indicated that the most important aspects of schoolwork that these leaders believe to be the first to change our professional development for teachers, employment of digital empowerment tools, and meeting the needs of new teachers. The most practiced personal leadership styles according to international scales are democracy, diplomacy and transformational, while according to self-reflection they were democracy, transformational and servant. Finally, the most challenges faced by leaders were many educational and administrative tasks and dealing with negative personality patterns for teachers, and resistance to change. The most used strategies to confront these challenges were organizing work, managing time, and following up on the impact of professional development activities and development sessions. The study recommended adopting and implementing a national professional development program for these leaders and proposing complementary studies for this study

The Hazard Content of Cadmium, Lead, and Other Trace Elements in Some Medicinal Herbs and Their Water Infusions

54 samples belonging to 23 herbal species (15 individuals and 8 mixtures) were analyzed for their contents of heavy metals in the raw materials and in their water infusions. Trace and toxic elements in these samples were determined by using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) following acid digestion. The order of decreasing mean metal concentrations in raw materials (mg/kg) was found to be as follows: Fe (440) > Mn (162) > Zn (45.8) > Cu (12) > Pb (10.4) > Ni (5.4) > Cr (2.9) > Co (0.91) > Cd (0.5). It was found that 21% of the analyzed samples contain both Cd and Pb above their permissible limits. However, the infusions produced from these plants were found to contain fewer amounts of metals than the raw materials. Studied metals had the following mass transfer percentages to the infusion solutions (Fe: 3.5%, Cd: 14%, Cr: 15%, Pb: 20%, Co: 29%, Ni: 31%, Zn: 36%, Cu: 48%, and Mn: 53%). The estimated daily intake calculated for the toxic elements Pb and Cd through the consumption of herbal infusions was far below the tolerable daily intake set by the World Health Organization (WHO)

Impact of Integrated Learning Strategy on Language Skills Academic Achievement among University of Jordan Female Students

This purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of integrated learning strategy on language Skills educational achievement among female students at the University of Jordan. A quasi experimental study design was applied. Participants (n=40) were enrolled in Language Skills course for undergraduate students throughout the first semester of the academic year 2018/2019. Based on data provided by the Admission and Registration Unit in the University of Jordan, The students were randomly assigned to two groups: experimental (n=20) as well as control (n=20). To achieve the study goals an achievement test was applied as pre-test and post-test. ANCOVA analysis revealed a statistical differences at the significance level (α=0.05) within the research groups in overall average accomplishment test scores, with differences favoring the experimental group taught using an integrated learning strategy

The Impact of an Instructional Program on Students' Proficiency of English Vocational Terms

The present study aimed at investigating the effect of an instructional program on vocational educational students' proficiency of vocational educational terms in English. The study sample consisted of 60 male and female students from Al-Balqa'a Applied University, Jordan. Moreover, the study investigated the effect the students' gender and secondary school stream on their performance after receiving the vocational instructional program. Findings revealed that the instructional program had a positive effect on students' achievement and awareness of the vocational terms in English and both their gender and secondary school stream influenced their achievement, since female students did better than male students, and students from the academic stream were better than their counterparts from the vocational stream. Keywords: English, Vocational Education, EFL, Gender, Jordan

Energy Conservation Using a Double-effect Absorption Cycle Driven by Solar Energy and Fossil Fuel

Abstract Energy conservation is a main theme nowadays in research mainly due to the recent sudden rise and wide fluctuations in energy prices. This uncertainty is viewed as an indication of reaching the depletion point of fossil fuel and consequently, energy conservation has been tackled from all various aspects. Herein, an assessment is made to evaluate the effectiveness of the cooling that result from a double-effect reversed-flow lithium bromide absorption cycle driven by a combination of solar energy and a fuel-fired boiler. The assessment is to show the cycle performance under various proportions of solar contribution to drive the cycle. The analysis was aided with a computer code that was developed specifically to evaluate the instantaneous daily total solar irradiation. The results have indicated impressive effective COP that may be obtained when varying the solar contribution whereby a potential of energy saving at least 45% when only 15% of the roof area is allocated to solar panels. The eventual goals of the study are for potential application in Jordan and in countries with similar environments with the aim to lessen the dependence on fossil fuel

SIMULATION TOOLS AND SERVICES FOR MOBILE USERS: HISTORY, STATE-OF-THE-ART AND FUTURE

One of main ideas of this paper is a hypothesis that the simulation play an essentially more significant role in a human history and culture than it is usually assumed. On some examples it can be demonstrated that modern computational simulation has ancient prototypes and some artefacts can be interpreted as special simulation tools and environments. As typical examples of ancient simulation tools the “life/world tree” on mammoth bone and megalithical “models of the world” are presented. These artefacts were interpreted earlier as calendars, observatories or “ancient computers”. The proposed hypothesis considers the following interpretation as most exact and appropriate: “special computational simulation tools and environments with real-time functions (calendar) and real-world interface (observatory)”

The Postal Acceptance Rule in the Digital Age

This article examines the application of the postal acceptance rule to email acceptances. Differentviews have been argued against the application of traditional rule like the postal acceptance rule, which wasestablished in 1818 as a legal norm in contract formation to modern communications like the email. The paperpresents the arguments and rationale behind the application of this rule and contends its applicability to themodern communication via e-mail. The paper posits that email is not an instantaneous method ofcommunication, but can be viewed as a digital version of the normal post and thus the postal acceptance ruleshould apply to this kind of contracting

Case report of a rare thumb exostosis

Thumb exostosis is a rare, benign, and acquired bony tumor of the distal phalanx of the thumb, the mass itself is typically painless, but pressure on the nail plate can result in pain and deformity of the involved digit. This study was conducted at King Hussein Medical Centre in Amman, Jordan. A 38-year-old male patient, medically free, presented with a right thumb ulnar aspect hard mass, and pain at that site of his thumb. He started to notice it since 1 year. On examination, a hard bony lesion around 1×1 cm in size was present on the ulnar aspect of the right thumb tip, with tight but healthy skin over it. X-ray radiographs of the hand showed a bony lesion in continuity with thumb distal phalanx ulnar aspect native cortical bone. Excisional biopsy was done from dead ulnar approach without nail bed removal was done, and histopathology result confirmed the diagnosis of thumb exostosis and no recurrence occurred either on clinical or radiological follow up till date.

The impact of internal service quality on job satisfaction in the hotel industry

Service quality is a key factor for success in any hotel. Many researchers have conducted studies on service quality, but only a few studies have been conducted on internal service quality (ISQ) in general, and in the hotel industry in particular. Since there is no general agreement among researchers on the measurement of ISQ, many studies have used SERVQUAL instrument to measure the employees’ perceptions of ISQ. The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of ISQ on employee’s job satisfaction in five-star hotels in Jordan. The current study was carried out by measuring the data gathered through a seven-point Likert scale. The quantitative survey method was applied, and therefore the SERVQUAL instrument was used to measure ISQ, and the Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) was used to measure job satisfaction. Data obtained from a sample of 238 respondents drawn from 14 five-star hotels in Jordan were analysed with the SPSS software based on descriptive statistics. The study’s findings indicated that the ISQ of five-star hotels in Jordan has a significantly positive influence on an employee’s job satisfaction. These findings support the hypothesis that there is a positive relationship between ISQ in the hotel industry and industry employees’ job satisfaction.Keywords: hotels, internal service quality, job satisfactio

The Impact of Total Quality Management Implementation on Employees’ Service Recovery Performance in Five-Star Hotels in Jordan

The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of total quality management (TQM) implementations on employees’ service recovery performance in five-star hotels in Jordan. TQM implementations and service recovery performance have received significant attention in previous research. However, the impact of TQM on service recovery performance has remained unexplored research area. A 67-item questionnaire, measuring TQM implementations and service recovery, was distributed to 400 employees in 12 five-star hotels in Jordan with a 63.5 response rate. Principle Component Analysis was utilized to determine the factor structure for both TQM and service recovery and Regression Analysis to determine the impact of TQM implementations on service recovery performance. The result revealed that the TQM implementations in five-star hotels in Jordan was  implemented effectively and thus, have a positive impact on employees’ service recovery performance. This result is attributed to be unique and this is due to the fact that previous studies have focused on manufacturing sector not on hotel sector in measuring either TQM implementations or service recovery performance. This paper suggests replicating the study in additional settings to determine if similar results will be obtained outside five-star-hotels in Jordan. Many of the previous studies on TQM and service recovery performance have been conducted in the context of western economies and very little research has been done in the Middle East in general and Jordan in particular. As such, there is a need to examine, from the employees’ perspective, the levels of implementing TQM that are being encouraged in the hospitality industry and it is effect on service recovery performance among employees towards their both employers and customers. The present paper contributes to filling the gap in the literature by measuring the TQM implementations and service recovery as a whole in a new context. Keywords: Total Quality Management (TQM), Service Failure, Service Recovery Performance, Hotels, Jordan