UNHCRの機能及び権限とその拡大について

Articledepartmental bulletin pape

Study of the effects of high-altitude training on elite junior athletes in natural hypobaric hypoxic environment on erythrocyte properties and glycolysis

福井工業大学大学院工学研究科博士(工学)doctoral thesi

How Seriously Did the ICJ Take a 'Contentious Case' Aspect into Account in the Chagos Archipelago Advisory Opinion?

departmental bulletin pape

An overview of heavy oil properties and its recovery and transportation methods

Submitted by Susilene Barbosa da Silva ([email protected]) on 2020-07-09T13:35:58Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2020-07-09T13:35:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014 Unconventional oils - mainly heavy oils, extra heavy oils and bitumens - represent a significant share of the total oil world reserves. Oil companies have expressed interest in unconventional oil as alternative resources for the energy supply. These resources are composed usually of viscous oils and, for this reason, their use requires additional efforts to guarantee the viability of the oil recovery from the reservoir and its subsequent transportation to production wells and to ports and refineries. This review describes the main properties of high-viscosity crude oils, as well as compares traditional and emergent methods for their recovery and transportation. The main characteristics of viscous oils are discussed to highlight the oil properties that affect their flowability in the processes of recovery and pipeline transportation. Chemical composition is the starting point for the oil characterization and it has major impact on other properties, including key properties for their dynamics, such as density and viscosity. Next, enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods are presented, followed by a discussion about pipeline and transportation methods. In addition, the main challenges to achieve viable recovery and transportation of unconventional oils are compared for the different alternatives proposed. The work is especially focused on the heavy oils, while other hydrocarbon solid sources, such as oil sands and shale oil, are outside of the scope of this review 31 3 571 590 Document type: Articl

Spin-orbit torque assisted magnetization reversal of 100-nm-long vertical pillar

Long vertical pillars, with a width of the order of nanometers and with perpendicular shape anisotropy (PSA), have high thermal stability. The advantage of using longer pillars is that they can increase the memory areal density while maintaining robust thermal stability. The current-induced magnetization reversal of long pillars is a significant challenge in spintronic applications such as high-density magnetic memories. However, the magnetization of pillars that are more than 100 nm long has never been reversed by spin-orbit torque (SOT) or spin injection from another ferromagnet. Against this background, we propose a novel magnetization reversal method for pillars based on both SOT and spin transfer torque without using a ferromagnet for spin injection. Furthermore, this SOT-assisted method significantly reduces the reversal time, as was demonstrated by micromagnetic simulation. Using a spin-polarized current and SOT, the magnetization was reversed in pillars with length ≥100 nm. The magnetization of pillars with PSA and those with both high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and PSA was successfully reversed. The findings of this study are physically novel and significant for practical applications. Consequently, the proposed new writing scheme paves the way for next-generation spintronic devices.Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (Grant Number 20H02607) Kansai University Fund for Supporting Outlay Research Centers 2020 CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (Grant Number JPMJCR21C1)journal articl

Auxiliary roles of nardilysin in the early diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome: a prospective cohort study, the Nardi-ACS study

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) includes myocardial infarction (MI) and unstable angina (UA). MI is defined by elevated necrosis markers, preferably high-sensitivity cardiac troponins (hs-cTn). However, it takes hours for cTn to become elevated after coronary occlusion; therefore, difficulties are associated with diagnosing early post-onset MI or UA. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to examine the diagnostic ability of serum nardilysin (NRDC) for the early detection of ACS. This study consisted of two sequential cohorts, the Phase I cohort, 435 patients presenting to the emergency room (ER) with chest pain, and the Phase II cohort, 486 patients with chest pain who underwent coronary angiography. The final diagnosis was ACS in 155 out of 435 patients (35.6%) in the phase I and 418 out of 486 (86.0%) in the phase II cohort. Among 680 patients who presented within 24 h of onset, 466 patients (68.5%) were diagnosed with ACS. Serum NRDC levels were significantly higher in patients with ACS than in those without ACS. The sensitivity of NRDC in patients who presented within 6 h after the onset was higher than that of hsTnI, and the AUC of NRDC within 1 h of the onset was higher than that of hsTnI (0.718 versus 0.633). Among hsTnI-negative patients (300 of 680 patients: 44.1%), 136 of whom (45.3%) were diagnosed with ACS, the sensitivity and the NPV of NRDC were 73.5 and 65.7%, respectively. When measured in combination with hsTnI, NRDC plays auxiliary roles in the early diagnosis of ACS.journal articl

Spin Current for Spin-Orbit Torque in Magnetoresistance Structure

The magnetization of ferromagnetic metal can be reversed by spin-orbit torque, a principle used in spintronic devices such as magnetoresistive random access memory. To increase this torque, the injected spins from heavy metals must significantly diffuse into the ferromagnetic metal. However, the thin nature of ferromagnetic metal often leads to the passage of injected spins through it. We analyzed the spin current in a magnetic junction composed of a heavy metal/ferromagnetic metal/non-magnetic layer/ferromagnetic pinned layer/non-magnetic lead. Spin diffusion within the ferromagnetic metal increases with the decreasing conductivity of the non-magnetic material, increasing thickness of the non-magnetic layer, and decreasing thickness of the ferromagnetic pinned layer. These findings are expected to contribute to the advancement of spintronic devices such as spin-orbit torque magnetoresistive random-access memory.Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (Grant Number 20H02607, 23K17765, and 23H01438)departmental bulletin pape

Mastro: Ontology-Based Data Access at Work (Extended Abstract)

In this paper we present the current version of Mastro, a system for ontologybased data access (OBDA) developed at Sapienza Università di Roma. Mastro allows users for accessing external data sources by querying an ontology expressed in a fragment of the W3C Web Ontology Language (OWL). As in data integration [5], mappings are used in OBDA to specify the correspondence between a unified view of the domain (called global schema in data integration terminology) and the data stored at the sources. The distinguishing feature of the OBDA approach, however, is the fact that the global schema is specified using an ontology language, which typically allows to provide a rich conceptualization of the domain of interest, independently from the source representation

Associations among plasma markers for N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor hypofunction, redox dysregulation, and insufficient myelination in patients with schizophrenia

Background: Several hypotheses regarding the pathomechanisms of schizophrenia have been proposed. If schizophrenia is a unitary disease, then these pathological processes must be linked; however, if such links do not exist, schizophrenia may best be considered a group of disorders. Only a few studies have examined the relationships among these pathomechanisms. Herein, we examined the relationships among deficient myelination, NMDA receptor hypofunction, and metabolic dysregulation by measuring various plasma markers and examining their correlations. Methods: Plasma samples were collected from 90 patients with schizophrenia and 68 healthy controls. Concentrations of nardilysin (N-arginine dibasic convertase, NRDC), a positive regulator of myelination, the NMDA receptor co-agonist d-serine and glycine, various additional amino acids related to NMDA receptor transmission (glutamate, glutamine, and l-serine), and homocysteine (Hcy), were measured. Concentrations were compared using independent samples t-test or logistic regression, and associations were evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficients. Results: Plasma glycine (t = 2.05, p = 0.042), l-serine (t = 2.25, p = 0.027), and homocysteine (t = 3.71, p < 0.001) concentrations were significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia compared to those in healthy controls. Logistic regression models using age, sex, smoking status, glutamine, glutamate, glycine, l-serine, d-serine, homocysteine, and NRDC as independent variables revealed significantly lower plasma d-serine (p = 0.024) and NRDC (p = 0.028), but significantly higher l-serine (p = 0.024) and homocysteine (p = 0.001) in patients with schizophrenia. Several unique correlations were found between NMDA receptor-related amino acids and NRDC in patients with schizophrenia compared to those in healthy controls, while no correlations were found between plasma homocysteine and other markers. No associations were found between plasma marker concentrations and disease status or cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia, except for a significant correlation between plasma glycine and full intelligence quotient. Conclusion: Reduced myelination and NMDA receptor hypofunction may be related to pathological mechanisms in schizophrenia, while homocysteine dysregulation appears to be an independent pathological process. These results suggest that schizophrenia may be a group of disorders with unique or partially overlapping etiologies.journal articl

THERMAL DEPENDENCE OF SPIN-ORBIT TORQUE-INDUCED MAGNETIZATION REVERSAL IN PERMALLOY THIN FILM

The magnetization of a nanosized thin film reverses owing to the spin-orbit torque (SOT) induced via a spin injection from a heavy metal (HM). The magnetization reversal can be used as a magnetic-memory binary digit at temperatures above room temperature. We investigated magnetization reversal by means of SOT under the thermal effect using micromagnetic simulation. The thermal effect was introduced as random magnetic fields. The averaged magnetization reversal time decreased with increasing temperature. However, several samples exhibited exceptional oscillatory behavior of the magnetization during the reversal and the reversal times increased.This work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI Grant Number JP20H02607 and the Kansai University Fund for Supporting Outlay Research Centers 2020.(研究課題「高速磁化反転技術の開発と省エネルギー動作デバイス応用」)departmental bulletin pape