Attitude of Medical Students toward Third-party Reproductive Techniques

Background: Pregnancy with the help of a third party, including the use of sperm, oocyte, embryo, and uterus, can be considered as an option for some infertile couples. Due to the important role of health professionals in infertility treatments, their attitudes are of particular importance in the acceptance or rejection of fertility suggestions involving the help of a third party. This study aimed to determine the attitudes of medical students at medical universities in Tehran toward third-party reproduction. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the Medical University of Tehran in 2018. Medical students (n=187) filled out the questionnaire, which consisted of two parts: the demographic characteristics of the research subjects and the questionnaire consisted of 76 questions about attitudes toward third-party reproduction. The content and face validity of the questionnaire were determined, and test-retest reliability of the questionnaire was established (0.89). Results: According to gender, participants’ attitudes toward childbearing, the importance of genetic dependency between parents and children, law issues, anonymity in donation programs, parental affection, the importance of the recipient's and donor's characteristics, surrogacy, gamete, and embryo donation were all statistically non-significant (Pvalue>0.05). According to age and also to year of entering the university, participants’ attitude only toward childbearing was statistically significant (Pvalue= 0.018 and 0.01, respectively). Conclusion: Since medical school students may set on the road to a specialty associated with infertility and its ramifications, it’s better to educate our soon-to-be health system professionals on all necessary aspects of infertility and third-party reproduction. Key Words: Attitude; Donor Conception; Infertility; Medical Students; Assisted Reproductive Technique

Attitude of Medical Students toward Third-party Reproductive Techniques

Background: Pregnancy with the help of a third party, including the use of sperm, oocyte, embryo, and uterus, can be considered as an option for some infertile couples. Due to the important role of health professionals in infertility treatments, their attitudes are of particular importance in the acceptance or rejection of fertility suggestions involving the help of a third party. This study aimed to determine the attitudes of medical students at medical universities in Tehran toward third-party reproduction. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the Medical University of Tehran in 2018. Medical students (n=187) filled out the questionnaire, which consisted of two parts: the demographic characteristics of the research subjects and the questionnaire consisted of 76 questions about attitudes toward third-party reproduction. The content and face validity of the questionnaire were determined, and test-retest reliability of the questionnaire was established (0.89). Results: According to gender, participants’ attitudes toward childbearing, the importance of genetic dependency between parents and children, law issues, anonymity in donation programs, parental affection, the importance of the recipient's and donor's characteristics, surrogacy, gamete, and embryo donation were all statistically non-significant (Pvalue>0.05). According to age and also to year of entering the university, participants’ attitude only toward childbearing was statistically significant (Pvalue= 0.018 and 0.01, respectively). Conclusion: Since medical school students may set on the road to a specialty associated with infertility and its ramifications, it’s better to educate our soon-to-be health system professionals on all necessary aspects of infertility and third-party reproduction. Key Words: Attitude; Donor Conception; Infertility; Medical Students; Assisted Reproductive Technique

Psychometric Findings for a Spanish Translation of the Diabetes Self-Management Profile (DSMP-Parent-Sp)

OBJECTIVE: Few validated measures exist to evaluate self-management of diabetes in families with limited English proficiency. The present study evaluated the psychometric properties and the factorial equivalence of a Spanish translation of the parent report version of the Diabetes Self-Management Profile (DSMP-Parent-Sp). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Hispanic families of youth (mean 13.7 years old) with type 1 diabetes were recruited from three clinics in South Florida and represented a wide range of nationalities and acculturation levels. A total of 127 parents reported on their child\u27s self-management behaviors using either the original DSMP-Parent (59.8%) or the DSMP-Parent-Sp (40.2%). In addition, youth reported their self-management using the original DSMP in English, and physicians rated their perceptions of the youth\u27s self-management. Glycemic control was indexed by A1C in the past 3 months and collected from medical chart review. RESULTS: Item analysis confirmed that the DSMP-Parent-Sp items related to the overall composite score in expected ways, and internal consistency estimates were adequate. Paired correlations demonstrated strong parent-child concordance and a significant relationship with physician perceptions of self-management. Evidence of concurrent and convergent validity, as well as strict factorial invariance, was demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary findings indicate that the DSMP-Parent-Sp is a reliable and valid parent report measure of the diabetes self-management behaviors of Hispanic youths. In addition, there is preliminary evidence that the translated measure may be considered equivalent to the original English measure when used to measure self-management in Hispanic youth with diabetes

Strategies for Enhancing the Utilization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-Based Library Resources in Research

This study was conducted to investigate the problems that hinder the utilization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-based library resources for postgraduate research in Nigerian Universities (federal, state, and private). Four objectives and four research questions guided the study. A sampling technique was used in carrying out the work. A total number of five hundred and ten (510) respondents were used for the study. The instruments for data collection were questionnaire and observation checklist. Five hundred and ten (510) copies of the questionnaire were distributed to the postgraduate researchers at the three universities in the South East Nigeria and three hundred and sixty-six (366) were returned representing 72% return rate. The following statistical measures were employed for the data analysis: frequency table, mean (X) and Standard deviation (SD). The findings revealed that there was no significant difference in the mean ratings of postgraduate researchers in Federal, State and Private universities on the problems that hinders utilization of ICT-based library resources for research. However, the findings also revealed that postgraduate student’s lack of fund, high cost of internet use, the incompetence of library staff, lack of access to ICT resources, lack of ICT skills by users and lack of awareness of ICT-based library resources are some of the challenges affecting the use of ICT-based library resources. Based on the findings, it was recommended that university libraries should make the cost of ICT-based library resources affordable; update the skills of librarians on ICT-based resources; educate the postgraduate research students on the use of ICT-based library resources and make university websites freely available to the postgraduate student researchers

The Role of Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) in Predicting Maternal Serum Leptin

Background: The key role of leptin is regulation of appetite and body lipid and pregnancy is a condition associated with overeating, reduction in heating and adaptation of lipid cells, culminating in increased body fat mass. So, this study was conducted to examine the relationship between changes in pre-pregnancy BMI and leptin. Methods: This Longitudinal study was conducted on 45 women in the first trimester of pregnancy using a longitudinal approach and convenience sampling method in Tehran city in 2015. The mothers in terms of pre-pregnancy BMI were divided into two groups: group A (n=22 with normal BMI) and group B (n=23 with high BMI), with maternal serum leptin being taken in 6-12 weeks and 15-20 weeks of pregnancy and measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The statistical data were analyzed by SPSS V.21 using Kolmogorov Smirnov, independent t-test, two-sample Chi square, Mann-Whitney, Regression, Pearson and Landa tests with P.V<0.05. Results: The mean age of mothers in the present study was 27.47±5.55 years with a minimum age of 19 and a maximum age of 37 years. The mean plasma leptin of the first and second trimesters of pregnancy was significantly higher in the high BMI group than in the normal group. The correlation showed that the first trimester leptin and changes in leptin levels of pregnancy with pre-pregnancy BMI were significantly higher in the normal group (P=0.04 and P=0.003). Conclusions: BMI before and during pregnancy can be a predictor of maternal serum leptin in pregnancy weight gain. &nbsp

Randomized Controlled Trial of a Peer Based Intervention on Cardiac Self-efficacy in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: a 3-year Follow-up Results

Background: Self-efficacy is one's belief in ability to succeed in specific situations and considerable factor to maintaining healthy behaviors. It has an important role in person-centred care and significantly improves after effects of heart attacks. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a peer based intervention on cardiac self-efficacy of the patients after bypass surgery.Methods: In this clinical trial study, 60 patients undergoing bypass surgery were chosen and assigned equally into the control and intervention groups. The patients were assigned into two groups by block randomization. While routine education was presented to the patients in the control group, intervention group were taught using the peer education in two sessions. Cardiac self-efficacy of all the selected patients was assessed orderly in 36-month (3 years) follow-up after surgery. Inclusion criteria used to choose the suitable patients were as the following: no record of CABG surgery, understanding and talking Persian language, willingness to participate in the research, age between 40 and 70 years, no dementia, confusion, mental and psychological problems which might hinder their participation. In addition, exclusion criteria in this study were patient’s death, serious physical problems after CABG surgery, emergency and unexpected surgeries, or cancellation the CABG surgery due to patient’s situation. Data was collected using cardiac self-efficacy scale and analyzed using chi-square, independent t-test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. Results: The patients in both groups were homogenous in terms of demographic data. The mean score of cardiac self-efficacy in the intervention group was significantly different from control group in 3- year follow-up after surgery (P<0.038).Conclusions: Based on this study, accomplishment of peer based intervention can be a beneficial educative-supportive approach in cardiac surgery fields.

Randomized Controlled Trial of a Peer Based Intervention on Cardiac Self-efficacy in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: a 3-year Follow-up Results

Background: Self-efficacy is one's belief in ability to succeed in specific situations and considerable factor to maintaining healthy behaviors. It has an important role in person-centred care and significantly improves after effects of heart attacks. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a peer based intervention on cardiac self-efficacy of the patients after bypass surgery.Methods: In this clinical trial study, 60 patients undergoing bypass surgery were chosen and assigned equally into the control and intervention groups. The patients were assigned into two groups by block randomization. While routine education was presented to the patients in the control group, intervention group were taught using the peer education in two sessions. Cardiac self-efficacy of all the selected patients was assessed orderly in 36-month (3 years) follow-up after surgery. Inclusion criteria used to choose the suitable patients were as the following: no record of CABG surgery, understanding and talking Persian language, willingness to participate in the research, age between 40 and 70 years, no dementia, confusion, mental and psychological problems which might hinder their participation. In addition, exclusion criteria in this study were patient’s death, serious physical problems after CABG surgery, emergency and unexpected surgeries, or cancellation the CABG surgery due to patient’s situation. Data was collected using cardiac self-efficacy scale and analyzed using chi-square, independent t-test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. Results: The patients in both groups were homogenous in terms of demographic data. The mean score of cardiac self-efficacy in the intervention group was significantly different from control group in 3- year follow-up after surgery (P<0.038).Conclusions: Based on this study, accomplishment of peer based intervention can be a beneficial educative-supportive approach in cardiac surgery fields.

Erratum

Aprovats per la Comissió de Govern de 30-12-2017Correcció d'errades aprovades per la Comissió de Govern de 28-12-2017Regulació general general dels preus públics municipals, així com els preus públics per a l 'any 2018 i successius pels següents serveis:1r. De l'Àrea de Drets Socials: Residències, habitatges tutelats i centres de dia per gent gran; Serveis d 'atenció domiciliària; Serveis d' àpats en companyia per a la gent gran; Cessió de terrenys d' acampada de la Granja Escola Can Girona; Serveis dels centres oberts municipals per infants, adolescents i famílies; Cessió d' ús temporal de sales del Centre d informació i atenció per a joves; Serveis del Centre de Recursos i Associacions Juvenils (CRAJ); Serveis del Centre d 'Allotjament Familiar Navas; Servei del projecte Temps de barri, temps per a tu .2n. De l'Àrea de Seguretat i Prevenció: Serveis de la Unitat Muntada, la Secció Canina i la Galeria de Tir de la Guàrdia Urbana; Cursos de formació policial i de seguretat realitzats per la Guàrdia Urbana, i Cursos de formació realitzats pel Servei de Prevenció i Extinció d' Incendis i Salvament.3r: De l'Àrea d 'Ecologia, Urbanisme i Mobilitat: Serveis de recollida de residus comercials industrials assimilables a municipals i de prestació de serveis especials de neteja i recollida de residus municipals; Activitats d' educació ambiental de l' Àrea de Medi Ambient i altres prestacions de serveis i cessions d 'espais del sector de medi ambient, i Serveis culturals i lloguer d espais del Pavelló Mies van der Rohe.4t. De l'Àrea de Recursos: Activitats culturals de cursos, seminaris i congressos prestades per l 'Arxiu municipal contemporani, els arxius municipals dels districtes i els arxius centrals dels sectors, i pels serveis de reproducció i comunicació de documents, sense caràcter d'expedient administratiu, produïts per l'Ajuntament de Barcelona i prestats per l 'Arxiu municipal contemporani, els arxius municipals dels districtes i els arxius centrals dels sectors