Recent Developments of Digital Cash Projects in Japan

2005-04Most discussions and analyses regarding Japanese financial institutions during the 1990’s have focused on the lingering effects of the collapse of the bubble economy, including huge non-performing loans and large-scale bank failures. Thus, it is natural for foreign observers to fail to acknowledge that many Japanese banks and other non-bank enterprises have conducted forward-looking projects despite their financial difficulties. One of these projects has been to develop digital cash technology and promote its usage. Because people in Japan tend to use cash for daily payments more often than people in other nations, if the Japanese begin using digital cash instead of traditional cash (i.e., Bank of Japan’s notes and coins), we anticipate that digital cash will have a larger potential effect on the society and economy in Japan than in other nations. Efforts to establish digital cash projects made discernible progress in the early 2000’s, and digital cash is more commonly used now in Japan than in other IT advanced countries. This paper attempts to provide an overview of the recent development of digital cash projects in Japan, and to discuss the issues involved in the further growth of digital cash usage. This paper is organized as follows. Section 1 presents the introduction. In Section 2, we explain the historical developments of digital cash projects in Japan. Section 3 discusses what factors led to remarkable progress in digital cash usage in the early 2000’s. Section 4 describes the remaining issues that must be addressed for further growth of digital cash usage. Finally, Section 5 concludes the paper.departmental bulletin pape

Analysis of learners' states and stumbling blocks using biometric information in Scratch programming learning

プログラミング教育の必修化に伴い，ビジュアルプログラミング言語であるScratchを用いたプログラミング授業の導入が広がっている．しかし，教育現場では教員の人数が不足しているため，学習者全員の状態を把握した指導が容易ではない．そこで本研究では，教員の指導を支援するため，生態情報を活用することで，学習者の状態と躓きの関係を明らかにする．具体的には，集中力および手の動きに着目し，測定および分析を行なう．With the introduction of compulsory programming education, the introduction of programming classes using Scratch, a visual programming language, is spreading. However, due to the shortage of teachers in the field, it is not easy to provide instruction that grasps the state of all learners. In this study, we clarify the relationship between learners' states and stumbling blocks by using ecological information to support teachers' instruction. Specifically, we will measure and analyze concentration and hand movements.application/pdfdepartmental bulletin pape

Measurement of Time-Dependent CP-Violating Asymmetries in B0→ϕKS0, K+K-KS0, and η′KS0 Decays

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Bangladesh Economy and its Garments Industry

departmental bulletin pape