環境インパクト化学物質の土壌内における移動と運命予測<研究成果報告>

Fate and transport of selected environmental impact chemicals (EIC) in both soil liquid and gaseous phases were investigated. The combined effects of organic matter and pH on ionic pesticide sorption, and the combined effects of sorption non-linearity and time-dependency on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) sorption were measured. Based on the data, useful models were developed to predict pesticide sorption and mobility from soil organic matter content and pH. Also, sorption non-linearity and sorption time-dependency were linked in a model to predict the reduced mobility of PAH in soil systems. Concerning transport parameters, the processes of soil-water retention and water-repellency were linked with the perspective of better describing water permeability and chemical transport in water-repellent soil. Also, new predictive models for the soil-gas diffusion coefficient as related to basic soil physical characteristics and new conceptual models to describe gas transport coefficients and gaseous phase tortuosity as related to the soil pore size distribution were developed and successfully applied and tested.textapplication/pdfdepartmental bulletin pape

Threshold Tolerance of New Genotypes of Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. to Salinity and Drought

With continued population growth, increasing staple crop production is necessary. However, in dryland areas, this is negatively affected by various abiotic stresses, such as drought and salinity. The field screening of 10 improved genetic lines of pear millet originating from African dryland areas was conducted based on a set of agrobiological traits (i.e., germination rate, plant density, plant maturity rate, forage, and grain yields) in order to understand plant growth and its yield potential responses under saline environments. Our findings demonstrated that genotype had a significant impact on the accumulation of green biomass (64.4% based on two-way ANOVA), while salinity caused reduction in grain yield value. HHVBC Tall and IP 19586 were selected as the best-performing and high-yielding genotypes. HHVBC Tall is a dual purpose (i.e., forage and grain) line which produced high grain yields on marginal lands, with soil salinization up to electrical conductivity (EC) 6–8 dS m−1 (approximately 60–80 mM NaCl). Meanwhile, IP 19586, grown under similar conditions, showed a rapid accumulation of green biomass with a significant decrease in grain yield. Both lines were tolerant to drought and sensitive to high salinity (above 200 mM NaCl). The threshold salinity of HHVBC Tall calculated at the seedling stage was lower than that of IP 19586. Seedling viability of these lines was affected by oxidative stress and membrane peroxidation, and they had decreased chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis. This study demonstrated that ionic stress is more detrimental for the accumulation of green and dry biomass, in combination with increasing the proline and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) contents of both best-performing pearl millet lines, as compared with osmotic stress.journal articl

三重県宮川水系におけるアジメドジョウ(Niwaella delicate)の分布生態に関する研究

application/pdf三重大学大学院生物資源学研究科博士前期課程生物圏生命科学専攻41thesi

江原裕美編, 『内発的発展と教育-人間主体の社会変革とNGOの地平-』

新評論刊, 2003年12月発行, A5版, 478頁, 本体価格3,800円journal articl