“Nivel de Conocimiento y su Relación con la Actitud sobre Violencia de Género en Adolescentes De 1° A 5° Año De Secundaria De La I.E. Marcial Acharan Smith De Trujillo- 2019”

Investigación tipo cuantitativo, diseño descriptivo, no experimental correlacional simple de corte transversal. tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre el nivel de conocimiento y la actitud sobre violencia de género entre adolescentes del 1° al 5° año de secundaria de la I.E. Marcial Acharan y Smith. La población estuvo conformada por 1800 adolescentes del 1° al 5° año de secundaria de la referida institución educativa, teniendo como muestra a 297 adolescentes según muestreo probabilístico. Para la recolección de datos se aplicó un cuestionario y una escala de likert mediante la técnica de encuesta donde se obtuvo como resultado que el nivel de conocimiento de violencia de género en adolescentes de 1° a 5°. Se pudo determinar que el 29.29% de adolescentes tenían un nivel de conocimiento bueno, un 56.22% un nivel de conocimiento regular y un 14.47% un nivel deficiente; por lo que el nivel de conocimiento de violencia de género fue regular. En lo que concierne a la actitud sobre violencia de género en adolescentes de 1° a 5° se determinó que 79.79% posee actitudes adecuadas, mientras que 20.20% posee actitudes inadecuadas. Prevaleciendo la actitud adecuada. Se concluye que existe una relación significativa entre el nivel de conocimiento y las actitudes sobre violencia de genero X2=20.699 p<0.0

List of HIV-1 protease- (PR) and reverse transcriptase- (RT) derived peptides used for <i>in vitro</i> test of immune response.

<p>Experimentally-verified peptides present in the Los Alamos National Laboratory database are demarcated by an asterisk following their amino acid position.</p

Analysis of protease and reverse transcriptase-specific immune response by flow cytometry.

<p>Analysis of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell responses in mice immunized with PR (A, C) and RT (B, D) presented as the percentage of the reactive CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T cells (A, B) and as the percentage of cells producing INF-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, INF-γ/IL-2, INF-γ/TNF-α, IL-2/TNF-α, or INF-γ/IL-2/TNF-α with all reacting T cells taken for 100% (C, D). Peptides used for stimulation of murine splenocytes are designated by the number of first and last amino acid residues in the amino acid sequences of the respective proteins. The results of T cell response assays are from two to three independent DNA immunization experiments each done in 5 mice; all assays were done in duplicates. Frequency of T cell responses represents mean values ±SE. Statistical comparisons were done using multiple t-tests; *<i>p</i> < 0.05; **<i>p</i> < 0.01; ***<i>p</i> < 0.001; ****<i>p</i> < 0.0001.</p

In vivo registration of the volume of tissues emitting bioluminescence.

<p>Volume of tissues emitting bioluminescence in mice immunized intradermally (A, B) or intramuscularly (C, D) with PR/Luc (A, C) or RT/Luc (B, D) with sequential imaging done 20-24 hours post injection (day 1) and by the experimental end-point (day 21) (as indicated by the text box over the panels). Images were acquired by combined 3D BLI and micro-CT on Spectrum CT with data analysis using Living Image 4.5 software (both Perkin Elmer). Panels A-D demonstrate one representative mouse in a group of five. Images of the upper row of panels A-D represent combined micro-CT and 3D BLI in the coronal section, and of the lower row, external illumination surface reconstruction. Signal intensity in photons/sec is represented as a color scale to the right of each image.</p

Concentrations of intact hLL2-(T20)₄ (•) and all hLL2-containing species (•) in serum samples collected from mice at 30-min, 6-h, 24-h, and 72-h, post-injection of hLL2-T20, compared with concentrations of hLL2 (•) in serum samples collected from mice at the same time points post-injection of hLL2.

<p>Concentrations of intact hLL2-(T20)₄ (•) and all hLL2-containing species (•) in serum samples collected from mice at 30-min, 6-h, 24-h, and 72-h, post-injection of hLL2-T20, compared with concentrations of hLL2 (•) in serum samples collected from mice at the same time points post-injection of hLL2.</p

Comparing the potency of P4/D10, cP4/D10, h734-(T20)₄, and hLL2-(T20)₄ for neutralization of HIV-1_IIIB in Jurkat T cells dosed at 50 TCID₅₀ (A) and 100 TCID₅₀ (B), and HIV-1₆₇₉₄ in PBMCs dosed at 50 TCID₅₀ (C) and 100 TCID₅₀ (D).

<p>Comparing the potency of P4/D10, cP4/D10, h734-(T20)₄, and hLL2-(T20)₄ for neutralization of HIV-1_IIIB in Jurkat T cells dosed at 50 TCID₅₀ (A) and 100 TCID₅₀ (B), and HIV-1₆₇₉₄ in PBMCs dosed at 50 TCID₅₀ (C) and 100 TCID₅₀ (D).</p

In vivo kinetics of reporter signal after co-delivery of luciferase, and HIV PR and RT genes.

<p>Delivery and expression of HIV-1 protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) encoded by their expression-optimized genes in pVax1 vector (PR, RT) monitored indirectly by their co-administration with a plasmid directing the expression of firefly luciferase pVaxLuc (Luc). Mice (n = 5 per group) were immunized by ID or IM injections of PR/Luc, or RT/Luc, or pVax1/Luc, 10<i>μ</i>g each plasmid, administered in PBS at two sites to the left and to the right from the base of the tail. Injections were followed by electroporation performed as described [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0197902#pone.0197902.ref058" target="_blank">58</a>] using a DermaVax electroporator equipped with multi-needle electrodes (Cellectis, Paris, France). Total photon flux from the injection sites was assessed by BLI on days 1, 3, 9, 15 and 21 as described in the Materials and methods. Data represent individual values for each injection site, and mean values (A). Luminescence kinetics measured by 2D BLI after delivery of PR and RT by ID (B) and IM routes (C). Luminescence kinetics was also registered by 3D BLI demonstrating the volume of expressing tissues after PR/Luc (D), RT/Luc (E) and vector/Luc administration (F). Data represent average photon flux (photons/sq cm/sec) and expression volume (mm³) for 4 to 5 mice per group and time point, with two simultaneous measurements per mouse. Statistical comparison was done using Mann Whitney U-test; *<i>p</i> < 0.05; **<i>p</i> < 0.01; ***<i>p</i> < 0.001; ****<i>p</i> < 0.0001.</p

Neutralization of HIV-1_LAI in PBMCs following activation of latent virus by SAHA over a period of 30 days as monitored by p24 antigen (A) and numbers of HIV-positive cultures (B).

<p>The virus-positive cultures on Day 30 in cells treated with each agent are shown in (C) as a percent of the medium with SAHA-treated control.</p

Cellular response against PR and RT induced by ID and IM DNA immunization assessed by FluoroSpot.

<p>Immune recognition of the peptides representing CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ epitopes of PR (A, B) and RT (C, D) by FluoroSpot test assessing in vitro production of IFN-γ (A, C) and IL-2 (B, D) in mice immunized with the plasmid encoding inactivated PR of HIV-1 HXB2 in pVax1 vector mixed with pVaxLuc (A, B); plasmid encoding inactivated RT of HIV-1 HXB2 in pVax1 vector mixed with pVaxLuc (C, D). Cytokine response to the immunodominant CTL epitope of Luc (LucP) in PR/Luc, RT/Luc and control empty vector/Luc DNA immunized mice (CTRL) is presented everywhere for comparison. Mice (n = 5 per group) were immunized as described in the legend to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0197902#pone.0197902.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1</a> and their responses were assessed on experimental end-point at day 21 by INF-γ/IL-2 FluoroSpot. Data represent the average number of spot forming cells registered per million splenocyte per group (n = 5) with SE. Statistical comparison was done using Mann-Whitney U-test; *<i>p</i> < 0.05; **<i>p</i> < 0.01; ***<i>p</i> < 0.001; ****<i>p</i> < 0.0001.</p

Correlation between bioluminescence of the reporter gene and specific cellular responses to co-injected DNA immunogens.

<p>Correlation of the fraction of luminescence signal retained at injection sites on days 1 to 21 post immunization to the number of splenocytes expressing INF-γ, IL-2 and co-expressing INF-γ/IL-2 in mice co-immunized with PR/Luc and RT/Luc (as described in legend to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0197902#pone.0197902.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1</a>). Strength of correlation is depicted by a scheme relating <i>r</i> values to color (red for direct, and blue for inverse) and its intensity (weak from 0 to 0.5, moderate 0.6-0.8, or strong, <i>r</i> > 0.8) on the right to the heatmap. Correlation values represent spearman’s rank correlation coefficients; *<i>p</i> < 0.05; **<i>p</i> < 0.01; ***<i>p</i> < 0.001; ****<i>p</i> < 0.0001.</p