The Value of STEM as an Educational Tool for Enhancing Cognitive Development

STEM is an acronym for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math. The focus of STEM education is to provide a holistic approach through hands-on, problem-based learning where students are able to take what they learn in the classroom and apply it to real world problems.https://digital.sandiego.edu/npi-sdclimate/1034/thumbnail.jp

Uncertainty and Risk in Financial Markets

This paper considers a general equilibrium model in which the=20 distinction between un-certainty and risk is formalized by assuming agents= =20 have incomplete preferences over state-contingent consumption bundles, as=20 in Bewley (1986). Without completeness, individual decision making depends= =20 on a set of probability distributions over the state space. A bundle is=20 preferred to another if and only if it has larger expected utility for all= =20 probabilities in this set. When preferences are complete this set is a=20 singleton, and the model reduces to standard expected utility. In this=20 setting, we characterize Pareto optima and equilibria, and show that the=20 presence of uncertainty generates robust indeterminacies in equilibrium=20 prices and allocations for any speci=AFcation of initial endowments. We=20 derive comparative statics results linking the degree of uncertainty with=20 changes in equilibria. Despite the presence of robust indeterminacies, we=20 show that equilibrium prices and allocations vary continuously with=20 underlying fundamentals. Equilibria in a standard risk economy are thus=20 robust to adding small degrees of uncertainty. Finally, we give conditions= =20 under which some assets are not traded due to uncertainty aversion.

Transformative Policies Supporting Equitable Workforce Progress

As the need for Green Workforce jobs rises, it is essential that companies are transparent about pay. The California Pay Transparency Law (SB 1162) enforces job descriptions that explicitly outline employee compensation, which is also a step towards closing gender and race-based pay gaps. It also prohibits employers from using hiring practices that may be discriminatory against certain groups of people. SB 1162 builds honesty, trust, and equity in the workplace for job seekers today and for generations to come.https://digital.sandiego.edu/npi-sdlife/1008/thumbnail.jp

The Determinants of Cross-Border Equity Flows: The Geography of=20 Information

We apply a new approach to a new panel data set on bilateral=20 gross cross-border equity flows between 14 countries, 1989- 96. The model=20 integrates elements of the finance literature on portfolio composition and= =20 the international macroeconomics and asset trade literature. Gross asset=20 flows depend on market size in both source and destination country as well= =20 as trading costs, in which both information and the transaction technology= =20 play a role. Distance proxies some information costs, and other variables=20 explicitly represent information transmission, an information asymmetry=20 between domestic and foreign investors, and the efficiency of transactions.= =20 The remarkably good results have strong implications for theories of asset= =20 trade. We find that the geography of information is the main determinant of= =20 the pattern of international transactions, while there is little support in= =20 our data for diversification and =91return-chasing=92 motives for= transactions.