Categorical Ontology of Complex Systems, Meta-Systems and Theory of Levels: The Emergence of Life, Human Consciousness and Society

Single cell interactomics in simpler organisms, as well as somatic cell interactomics in multicellular organisms, involve biomolecular interactions in complex signalling pathways that were recently represented in modular terms by quantum automata with ‘reversible behavior’ representing normal cell cycling and division. Other implications of such quantum automata, modular modeling of signaling pathways and cell differentiation during development are in the fields of neural plasticity and brain development leading to quantum-weave dynamic patterns and specific molecular processes underlying extensive memory, learning, anticipation mechanisms and the emergence of human consciousness during the early brain development in children. Cell interactomics is here represented for the first time as a mixture of ‘classical’ states that determine molecular dynamics subject to Boltzmann statistics and ‘steady-state’, metabolic (multi-stable) manifolds, together with ‘configuration’ spaces of metastable quantum states emerging from complex quantum dynamics of interacting networks of biomolecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids that are now collectively defined as quantum interactomics. On the other hand, the time dependent evolution over several generations of cancer cells --that are generally known to undergo frequent and extensive genetic mutations and, indeed, suffer genomic transformations at the chromosome level (such as extensive chromosomal aberrations found in many colon cancers)-- cannot be correctly represented in the ‘standard’ terms of quantum automaton modules, as the normal somatic cells can. This significant difference at the cancer cell genomic level is therefore reflected in major changes in cancer cell interactomics often from one cancer cell ‘cycle’ to the next, and thus it requires substantial changes in the modeling strategies, mathematical tools and experimental designs aimed at understanding cancer mechanisms. Novel solutions to this important problem in carcinogenesis are proposed and experimental validation procedures are suggested. From a medical research and clinical standpoint, this approach has important consequences for addressing and preventing the development of cancer resistance to medical therapy in ongoing clinical trials involving stage III cancer patients, as well as improving the designs of future clinical trials for cancer treatments.\ud \ud \ud KEYWORDS: Emergence of Life and Human Consciousness;\ud Proteomics; Artificial Intelligence; Complex Systems Dynamics; Quantum Automata models and Quantum Interactomics; quantum-weave dynamic patterns underlying human consciousness; specific molecular processes underlying extensive memory, learning, anticipation mechanisms and human consciousness; emergence of human consciousness during the early brain development in children; Cancer cell ‘cycling’; interacting networks of proteins and nucleic acids; genetic mutations and chromosomal aberrations in cancers, such as colon cancer; development of cancer resistance to therapy; ongoing clinical trials involving stage III cancer patients’ possible improvements of the designs for future clinical trials and cancer treatments. \ud \u

Forestry Economics: Principles and Practice

This review discusses bioeconomic models of the forest and uses them to explore policy options for forest management. The main type of bioeconomic model used is based on a biomass model of the growth of the forest, similar to the biomass model widely used in fishery economics. However a more detailed model, similar to the cohort-based models of fish stocks, which simulates the growth of subsections of the forest is also referred to. The bioeconomic models are based on simple assumptions about prices and costs - mainly that the forest industry, as a small part of the economy, is a price taker in both output and input markets. The models were initially used to examine the harvesting policy which would maximise the net present value of the timber produced by the forest. However it was recognised that non-timber values are becoming increasingly important and must be accounted for in the development of an optimal forest strategy. Case Studies consider some of the issues raised in the paper in greater detail.

Study of Network Security Using Cryptographic Techniques

In information security network security is one of the most important element because it is responsible for providing security to all information passed through network devices. Network Security refers to all hardware and software functions, characteristics, features, events, responsibility, measures, access control, and administrative and management strategy required to provide an acceptable level of protection & security for Hardware & Software and information in a network. merely one particular element underlies more of the protection mechanisms in use: Cryptographic technique hence focus is on this area Cryptography. It is an rising technology which is more important for network security

WELFARE, PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITATIVE TRAITS OF EGG IN LAYING HENS REARED UNDER DIFFERENT REARING SYSTEMS

The welfare, production performance and some qualitative characteristics of eggs obtained under three different rearing systems (conventional, organic and organic-plus) were compared. Three homogeneous groups, each of 120 White Leghorn hens, fed the same diets, were assigned to different rearing systems and data were recorded for 1 year. The welfare indicators were the following: first impact, behavioural patterns, tonic immobility and plumage status. Productive performance was recorded (% deposition; egg weight) and some qualitative traits (Haugh index, yolk colour, yolk, albumen and egg shell weight) were evaluated. Well-being was greatly affected by rearing system. The best welfare status was observed in hens of the organic-plus group, whereas the worst was in the conventional group (caged hens). Caged hens showed little interest or fear of observers, at times they had high tonic immobility and some aggressive pecking; the status of their plumage was very poor. On the contrary, caged hens produced more eggs, even if their qualitative traits (Haugh index and yolk colour) were worse than the organicplus eggs. The intense motor activity of organic hens and the concurrent intake of grass reduced their productive level; further egg deposition seemed more affected by seasonal variation

The slippery slope to State capture: cadre deployment as an enabler of corruption and a contributor to blurred party–State lines

Drawing on both legal and political sources, this article scrutinises the policy of cadre deployment that the African National Congress (ANC), the ruling party in South Africa, has implemented, and continues to apply. The analysis begins by recalling and commenting on the only reported judgment in South African jurisprudence that dealt with the political influencing of municipalities’ exercise of their public power to make appointments, namely, Mlokoti v Amathole District Municipality & another 2009 (6) SA 354 (ECD). What the Mlokoti case has confirmed is that the legal foundation for the exercise of public power is found in the Constitution and its enabling legislation, and not in party political policy, such as the ongoing practice of cadre deployment. In an investigation of cadre deployment, the article then demonstrates that this ANC policy, particularly judging by its stated purpose, is incompatible with the constitutional State and, instead, enables the rise of the shadow State. Unsurprisingly, therefore, political commentators increasingly observe that, apart from the revelations at the Zondo Commission of Inquiry, State capture in South Africa in fact commenced when the ANC assumed political power in pursuit of the National Democratic Revolution. It is argued that the pursuit of a National Democratic Revolution in South Africa is directly at odds with the vision and goals of the 1994 constitutional pact. Convening a bipartisan national convention on philosophical and other approaches to the fight against corruption may offer a solution. Here, a starting point would be to reconsider the country’s anti-corruption strategies to pay proper attention to the ethical causes of this scourge

Honeypot System: An Intrusion Detection System

The following paper points in the direction of extending and effectively utilizing the honeypot technology for developing an IDS module that will use the PID track technique and will have the capability of detecting the attacker and working out a response. The whole module developed can be further extended for future use and at the same time it will ensure that the intrusion detection is carried out in the fastest possible time

Teachers Perceptions of The Relationship Between Learners Discipline And Internal Efficiency of Public Secondary Schools in Bungoma County

Education plays a critical role in promoting economic, social, cultural and political development of individuals, communities, nations and humanities. The Government of Kenya has consequently been allocating substantial resources to the education sector. In fact, the Government has been shouldering tuition fees in all public secondary schools since 2008. Despite these efforts by the Government, there are notable wastage in secondary school education sector. It has been noted that even when socio-economic status of parents is partially controlled for by subsidizing the cost of education, parental support and learner characteristics may impact on internal efficiency of schools. This study was therefore, designed to establish the teachersrsquo perceptions of the relationship between learner discipline and internal efficiency of public secondary schools in Bungoma County. The scope ofnbspnbsp learne discipline was regular class attendance, sneaking from school, organizing strikes, using illegal drugs, engaging in sex and becoming pregnant. Internal efficiency is the flow of students from the point of entry to the point of completion with minimum dropout and repetition. In this study, the indicators of internal efficiency are progression and completion rates. A descriptive survey design was used. The sampling unitswere public secondary schools in the County. By the time of study, there were 130 public secondary schools in the County.nbsp Stratified random sampling was used to sample schools while purposive sampling was used to sample head teachers and class teachers in the sampled schools. Therefore the population was 130 head teachers and 520 teachers. A sample of 97 head teachers and 388 class teachers were drawn from a population. A questionnaire was used to gather data from head teachers and class teachers. Studentsrsquo record collection schedule was used to gather data to the study. The questionnaire and studentsrsquo record collection schedule were validated by constructing relevant items based on objectives and reviewed by four lecturers in the Faculty of Education and Community Studies, Egerton University. The lecturersrsquo comments were incorporated in the final questionnaire and schedule to enhance validity. A reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was calculated and found to be 0.83 using Cronbach alpha. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data. Descriptive statistics used were frequencies and percentages. Inferential statistics used was Chi-square. The study established that public schools in Bungoma County were experiencing incidences of internal inefficiency. On average dropout rates were 24%. The study also established that parental role in guidance and counseling and counseling of learners,. The findings imply that a substantive percentage of learners are not completing basic education. They drop out before acquiring necessary skills, knowledge and attitudes to actively participate in development process. Guidance and counseling units with qualified staff should be established in every school to enhance learner discipline

Factors Influencing Internal Efficiency of Public Secondary Schools in Bungoma County

Education plays a critical role in promoting economic, social, cultural and political development of individuals, communities, nations and humanities. The Government of Kenya has consequently been allocating substantial resources to the education sector. In fact, the Government has been shouldering tuition fees in all public secondary schools since 2008. Despite these efforts by the Government, there are notable wastage in secondary school education sector. It has been noted that individuals, societies and humanity can realize returns to education if schools are operated efficiently. This study was designed to establish factors influencinginternal efficiency of public secondary schools in Bungoma County. Internal efficiency is the flow of students from the point of entry to the point of completion with minimum dropout and repetition. In this study, the indicators of internal efficiency are progression and completion rates. A descriptive survey design was used. The sampling units were public secondary schools in the County. By the time of study, there were 130 public secondary schools in the County.nbsp Stratified random sampling was used to sample schools while purposive sampling was used to sample head teachers and class teachers in the sampled schools. Therefore the population was 130 head teachers and 520 teachers. A sample of 97 head teachers and 388 class teachers were drawn from a population. A questionnaire was used to gather data from head teachers and class teachers. Studentsrsquo record collection schedule was used to gather data to the study. The questionnaire and studentsrsquo record collection schedule were validated by constructing relevant items based on the objectives and reviewed by four lecturers in the Faculty of Education and Community Studies, Egerton University. The lecturersrsquo comments were incorporated in the final questionnaire and schedule to enhance validity. A reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was calculated and found to be 0.83 using Cronbach alpha. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data. Descriptive statistics used were frequencies and percentages. The study established that public schools in Bungoma County were experiencing internal inefficiency. On average dropout rates were 24%. The findings imply that a substantive percentage of learners are not completing basic education. They drop out before acquiring necessary skills, knowledge and attitudes to actively participate in development process. The Ministry of education should enact appropriate strategies aimed at retaining learners in public secondary school