19 research outputs found
Using a Game Engine to Integrate Experimental, Field, and Simulation Data for Science Education: You Are the Scientist!
Get PDFThe purpose of this project is to use a game engine tointegrate geo-referenced research data, whether experimental orsimulated, to present it interactively to the user. Geo-referencedmeans that every image, video, or sound file, every pressuremap, and every simulated temperature chart is attached to aspecific point on a map or body. These data may also be timereferenced,so that different data sets may be available at thesame location for different times of the day or seasons of the year.Target users for the interactive applications are high-school andcollege students who can then conduct their own “experiments”or “explorations” as a way to get exposed to the problems andmethodologies of science and research. We use two examples ofprojects to illustrate the approach
In vivo evidence that the rise in plasma IL 6 following injection of a fever-inducing dose of LPS is mediated by IL 1[beta]
Full text linkAlthough it has often been speculated that Interleukin (IL) 1[alpha] and IL 1[beta] are circulating endogenous pyrogens (EP), there are few data demonstrating an elevation of these cytokines in the plasma of febrile animals. We hypothesized that IL 1 is released locally and may act to stimulate the release of another pyrogen, IL 6, which circulates to the brain to cause fever. The major purpose of the present study was to determine whether pretreatment of rats with antiserum to IL 1[beta], which attenuates lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced fever, also results in an attenuation of the rise in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of IL 6. Our results show that injection of IL 1[beta] produced dose-dependent rises in temperature and increases in plasma and CSF IL 6 activity, and that pretreatment of rats i.v. with antiserum to IL 1[beta] produced a 55% decrease in the fever caused by LPS injection, a 68% decrease in plasma IL 6, and a 67% decrease in CSF IL 6. These data confirm the findings of previous studies that IL 1[beta] is required for a portion of LPS-induced fever and also provide the first in vivo demonstration that the rise of IL 6 in rats injected with a fever-inducing dose of LPS can be significantly blocked by antiserum to IL 1[beta]. Overall, the data in our study can be interpreted as being consistent with the hypothesis that the pyrogenic effect of IL 1[beta] is mediated mainly through the release of IL 6, but conclusive confirmation of this hypothesis must await studies with antibodies to IL 6.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/28596/1/0000404.pd
Reduction of biological activity of murine recombinant interleukin-1β by selective deamidation at asparagine-149
Get PDFAbstractA biologically active preparation of murine recombinant interleukin-1β (mIL-1β) fromEscherichia coli cell lysates contained two forms of mIL-1β with pI 8.7 and pI 8.1, respectively. Treatment with 0.1 M Tris, pH 8.5, at 37°C for 35 h converted the pI 8.7 form to the pI 8.1 form by the selective deamidation of an asparagine residue (Asn149) in the mIL-1β molecule. Deamidated mIL-1β had 3- to 5-fold lower co-mitogenic activity and receptor affinity than the unmodified form
The beta form is the dominant interleukin released by murine peritoneal macrophages
Full text linkUsing highly specific polyclonal antisera raised against recombinant murine IL-1 [alpha] and [beta], we performed solid-phase immunoabsorption studies on supernates of resident and adjuvant-elicited CBA/J mouse peritoneal macrophages. Antibody specificity was established by reciprocal absorption studies and Western blot analysis. Supernates obtained from macrophages cultured for 18 hr in the presence of 1[mu]g/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were subjected to immunoabsorption. Approximately 78-90% of the released bioactive material was IL-1 and about 80% of this could be attributed to IL-1 [beta]. Analogous to that reported for human monocytes, these data suggest that IL-1 [beta] is the predominant released form of IL-1.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/27968/1/0000399.pd
