6,488 research outputs found
Oxygen preference of deeply-rooted mesophilic thaumarchaeota in forest soil
The Illumina sequencing was performed in the Centre for Genome-Enabled Biology and Medicine (CGEBM) (University of Aberdeen, UK). We would like to thank Noémie Hauss for her help with the sampling and incubations, the Erasmus program for supporting Noémie Hauss and Dr Tony Travis for his support on Linux. EBW was supported by a PhD studentship from the University of Aberdeen, by a Natural Environmental Research Council grant (NE/L006286/1) and CGR by a Royal Society University Research Fellowship (UF150571).Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Beeinflussen verschiedene Volatilenmuster die Wirtspflanzenwahl unterirdisch lebender Insekten?
Cockchafers of the genus Melolontha (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) can be severe pests in forestry, agriculture and horticulture. Gradation of the two most important species, the forest cockchafer M. hippocastani FABR. and the European cockchafer M. melolontha L., occurs currently in several parts of central Europe. Orientation behaviour of the adult beetles has been the focus of recent studies (REINECKE et al. 2002 a, b, 2005). However, especially the larvae are dreaded because their belowground damage is not visible directly after feeding. There are a lot of speculations about belowground living insects and their way of living, but until now there were not that many experimental investigations. A rather unknown topic is the orientation behaviour of soil living organisms, which is also subject of some publications (HORBER 1954, HAUSS & SCHĂTTE 1976, HASLER 1986, HIBBARD et al. 1994, JEWETT & BJOSTAD 1996, BERNKLAU & BJOSTAD 1998A, BERNKLAU & BJOSTAD 1998B, BERNKLAU et al. 2005).Zum besseren VerstĂ€ndnis der Orientierung und FraĂprĂ€ferenz von MaikĂ€ferlarven Melolontha hippocastani FABR. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) im Boden wurden Wahltests durchgefĂŒhrt. Den Larven von M. hippocastani wurden Karotten (Daucus carota ssp. sativus) und Eichenwurzeln (Quercus sp.) zur Auswahl angeboten. Die Duftstoffe von Karotte und Eichenwurzel wurden auf Aktivkohle gesammelt und mit Gaschromatographie â Massenspektroskopie untersucht (GC-MS). Unverletzte Karotten sowie Eichenwurzeln unterschieden sich in ihr n Volatilenmustern deutlich voneinander. DarĂŒber hinaus konnten Unterschiede im Volatilenmuster unverletzter, mechanisch verletzter sowie angefressener Wurzeln nachgewiesen werden
Criticality and superfluidity in liquid ^4He under nonequilibrium conditions
We review a striking array of recent experiments and their theoretical interpretations on the superfluid transition in ^4He in the presence of a heat flux Q. We define and evaluate a new set of critical point exponents. The statics and dynamics of the superfluid-normal interface are discussed, with special attention to the role of gravity. If Q is in the same direction as gravity, a self-organized state can arise, in which the entire sample has a uniform reduced temperature, on either the normal or superfluid side of the transition. Finally, we review recent theory and experiment regarding the heat capacity at constant Q. The excitement that surrounds this field arises from the fact that advanced thermometry and the future availability of a microgravity experimental platform aboard the International Space Station will soon open to experimental exploration decades of reduced temperature that were previously inaccessible
Accurate and reliable segmentation of the optic disc in digital fundus images
We describe a complete pipeline for the detection and accurate automatic segmentation of the optic disc in digital fundus images. This procedure provides separation of vascular information and accurate inpainting of vessel-removed images, symmetry-based optic disc localization, and fitting of incrementally complex contour models at increasing resolutions using information related to inpainted images and vessel masks. Validation experiments, performed on a large dataset of images of healthy and pathological eyes, annotated by experts and partially graded with a quality label, demonstrate the good performances of the proposed approach. The method is able to detect the optic disc and trace its contours better than the other systems presented in the literature and tested on the same data. The average error in the obtained contour masks is reasonably close to the interoperator errors and suitable for practical applications. The optic disc segmentation pipeline is currently integrated in a complete software suite for the semiautomatic quantification of retinal vessel properties from fundus camera images (VAMPIRE)
Influence of process variables on the properties of simvastatin self-emulsifying granules obtained through high shear wet granulation
Improvements of the oral bioavailability of lipophilic drugs can be obtained using lipidic formulations such as the
self-emulsifying drug delivery systems. The high shear wet granulation (HSWG), using microemulsions as
binder, is a viable process to produce self-emulsifying granules. However only few information are present in
the literature on the effect of process variables on the properties of the granules obtained with these binders.
Consequently, this article compares the effects of some relevant experimental variables (impeller speed and
massing time) on thefinal technological and pharmaceutical properties of the granules produced using simple
water, or alternatively, a microemulsion as binder and containing simvastatin (SV) as model drug. The effects
of the variables were determined by evaluating the granule median diameter, their particle size distribution,
roundness, disintegration time and dissolution rate of SV. Results clearly demonstrated that the
microemulsion-based process was less sensitive tooperating conditions than the water-based process.
With microemulsion the nucleation process and growth regimes were more difficult to control, resulting
in products with broader PSDs. At the same operatingconditions microemulsion-based granules were
more brittle but rounder and showed smaller median diameter compared to water-based granules. The
dissolution rate of simvastatin was not significantly affected by the operating conditions
Recommended from our members
Multichannel integration evidence from the States and a review of the field
Members of the Henley Centre for Customer Management requested a report on the status
of multichannel marketing. The focus of the research examines best practice examples from
the United States and a detailed review of the field. The research was conducted over the
summer of 2012 and identified over 240 quality articles for inclusion in the review. Using
systematic review methodology a number of key themes and respective indicators emerged
from the field. Results of the study identified common multichannel platforms, tools that
assist management in determining high-quality multichannel decisions, features of consumer
behaviour, successful investment decision-making processes, channel optimisation and a
review of consumer expectations of a multichannel marketing world
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