Pengaruh Pemeriksaan Kehamilan terhadap Pemilihan Penolong Persalinan

Di Indonesia, Angka pertolongan persalinan oleh tenaga kesehatan masih tergolong rendah. Pemeriksaan kehamilan (Antenatal Care = ANC) dapat dijadikan sebagai sarana untuk memotivasi ibu hamil agar bersalin ke tenaga kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui peranan ANC terhadap pemilihan tenaga penolong persalinan. Penelitian dengan rancangan potong lintang ini menggunakan data sekunder Survei Evaluasi Manfaat Proyek KKG (Kesehatan Keluarga dan Gizi), analisisnya menggunakan ukuran asosiasi Odds Ratio. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa setelah dikontrol oleh variabel karakteristik responden, ibu hamil yang melakukan ANC minimal empat kali memiliki peluang 2 kali lebih besar untuk melahirkan pada tenaga kesehatan daripada ibu hamil dengan ANC kurang dari empat kali (ORadj = 2.1, 95%CI: 1.4—3.0). Ibu hamil yang mendapat konseling berpeluang 3.7 kali lebih besar untuk bersalin pada tenaga kesehatan daripada yang tidak mendapat konseling (ORadj=3.7, 95%CI: 2.4—5.7). Untuk meningkatkan angka persali- nan oleh tenaga kesehatan, ANC saja belumlah cukup tanpa diiringi dengan konseling. Konseling yang harus diberikan meliputi nasehat tentang kehamilan, melahirkan, dan pemberian ASI, serta anjuran yang tegas kepada ibu hamil agar melahirkan pada tenaga kesehatan.Kata kunci:Pemeriksaan kehamilan, kualitas pemeriksaan, penolong persalinanIn Indonesia, the proportion of mother who delivered by professional birth attendant is still low. The Antenatal Care ( ANC) can be used to motivate moth- ers to have delivery assisted by health personnel birth attendant. The objective of this study is to know the role of ANC and counselling on birth delivery choice. This study used a secondary data from the Evaluation on Benefit of Family Health Nutrition (FHN) Project, which was conducted in five provinces in Indonesia. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regressions method. The effect of ANC on birth attendant choice was measured using association measurement of odd ratio. The study showed that mothers who had four times or more ANC had 2.0 times higher chance to have delivery assisted by professional birth attendant than mothers who had less than 4 times ANC, after adjusted for mother\u27s characteristics (family income, education and occupation of household\u27s head), (ORadj=2.1, 95%CI: 1.4—3.0). Mothers who got counselling were delivered by professional birth attendant 3.7 times higher than non counselled mother (OR adj=3.7, 95%CI: 2.4—5.7). The ANC alone was not sufficient to increase the number of mother who delivered by professional birth attendant, the ANC should be complemented by counselling about pregnancy, birth attendance, breast feeding, and suggestion to have delivery assisted by professional birth attendant

The Flaw of Tasks in EFL Textbook for Indonesian Vocational Students of Grade IX

For many decades, English teachers around the globe admitted that various tasks exposed to ESL/ EFL students help them conceptualize, practice, and master the language. Therefore, it is not surprising that many studies regarding textbook analysis have been flourished and most of them pleased the National Board of Education Standard. The current study, however, tries to analyze the tasks provided in „Forward An English‟ from a different perspective namely Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) while promoting students‟ analytical and critical thinking. Thus, the book which is designed for Grade IX of Vocational School students became the object of this research. Every task in each chapter was checked, analyzed, and classified into six columns (Revised Bloom‟s Taxonomy by Krathwohl and Anderson) to determine the cognitive level and types of a task as well. Based on 199 item tasks collected in the whole chapters, it was found out that the author presented the tasks in the following order: understanding, application, remembering, while evaluation and creation occupied the least. Moreover, the tasks are found to be mainly in the lower level, few in the middle level, and less in the higher level of the cognitive domain. It can be concluded then that the textbook does not promote students‟ creative and critical thinking skills. Relying on these data, one will not be surprised to witness that many Vocational students played around while working on the assignments

HIV Prevalence Among Pregnant Women in Eight Provincial Capitals in Indonesia in 2003-2010

This study has aims to determine the prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among pregnant women in the community and to estimate the number of babies born with HIV, using secondary data of 11.693 pregnant women from Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) program conducted the Pelita Ilmu Foundation during 2003-2010 in eight provincial capitals in Indonesia. The HIV diagnosis was based on  Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The HIV prevalence was calculated from those who participated in the post-test counseling. Mantel Haenszel Chi-square test was performed to see the trend. Of all pregnant women, 98% expressed their desire for HIV testing. The women, then, were given pre-test counseling. Of the pre-test counseled respondents, 95% were willing to do HIV test and of the HIV tested respondents 88% followed the post-test counseling to get the test result, and as much as 0.41% are HIV positive. HIV prevalence quite vary and there is an increasing trend from 2003 to 2009, from 0.36% in 2003-2006, rose to 0.52% in 2008, rose to 0.54% in 2009, then fell to 0.25% in 2010. An estimated 8.604 infants were born with HIV every year. However, if PMTCT program was implemented there will be 8.112 babies averted with HIV and will save around 42 billion rupiah per year. It is concluded that the prevalence of HIV among pregnant women in the community were still low and vary in five-time observations.  It is recommended that the government should implement a PMTCT program and integrated it with maternal & child health and family planning program

Pengaruh Perawatan Metode Kanguru terhadap Respons Fisiologis Bayi Prematur

Saat ini, perawatan metode kanguru mulai dianjurkan bagi bayi prematur karena kelahiran prematur dan bayi dengan berat badan lahir rendah merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian bayi terbesar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh perawatan metode kanguru terhadaprespons fisiologis bayi prematur. Desain quasi experiment one group pre and post-test dilakukan di 2 rumah sakit di Jakarta. Sebanyak 16 bayi prematur yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dipilih sebagai sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang bermakna dari perawatanmetode kanguru terhadap respons fisiologis bayi prematur seperti peningkatan suhu tubuh ke arah suhu nornal (p value = 0,000), peningkatan frekuensi denyut jantung ke arah normal (p value = 0,003), dan peningkatan saturasi oksigen ke arah normal (p value = 0,023). Oleh karena itu, metodeperawatan kanguru merupakan cara yang efektif, mudah, dan murah untuk merawat bayi prematur.Kata kunci: Bayi prematur, perawatan metode kanguru, fisiologis bayiAbstractAs premature birth and low birth weight are the main cause of neonatal mortality, kangaroo mother care is now suggested to care premature infants. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of kangaroo mother care on physiological response of preterm infants. A quasi experiment designwith one group pre and post test design was conducted in two hospitals in Jakarta. Sixteen preterm infants matching the inclusive criteria were selected as sample. The study found significant effect of kangaroo mother care intervention on physiological response of preterm infants, i.e. increasing body temperature to normal (p value = 0,000), increasing heartrate to normal (p value = 0,003), and increasing oxygen saturation (p value = 0,023). Therefore, the kangaroo mother care is therefore an effective, simple, and cheap method to care the preterm infants. Key words: Preterm infants, kangaroo mother care, physiological response

“Go Baby Go” Model Kelas Pengasuhan untuk Optimalisasi Tumbuh Kembang Anak Usia 0-3 Tahun

Latar Belakang; Berdasarkan data Riskesdas tahun 2018 diketahui bahwa tingkat perkembangan anak usia 36-59 bulan secara literasi perkembangannya mencapai 64,6%, tingkat perkembangan sosial emosional sebanyak 69,9%, tingkat perkembangan fisik sebanyak 97,8%. Hal tersebut menunjukkan ketidakseimbangan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan pada anak. Idealnya, pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak dapat dicapai anak dengan optimal dan seimbang antara perkembangan fisik, sosial emosional dan literasi (kognitif). Pemantauan dan stimulasi tumbuh kembang anak oleh pengasuh sangat diperlukan untuk optimalisasi tumbuh kembang anak dan mengenali masalah secara dini.Tujuan; Mengembangkan kelas pengasuhan Go Baby Go sebagai integrasi berbagai pendekatan untuk optimalisasi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak usia dini.Metode; Model kelas pendampingan Go Baby Go memberikan intervensi yang difasilitasi oleh kader terlatih di Kecamatan Cilincing Jakarta Utara pada pengasuh anak usia 0-3 tahun. Pertemuan dilakukan seminggu sekali selama sepuluh minggu, kemudian membandingkan hasil brigance score dan formulir KPSP antara baseline dengan endline. Intervensi yang diberikan adalah; praktik pemberian makan pada bayi dan anak yang tepat, praktik stimulasi dan deteksi dini tumbuh kembang anak serta praktik perlindungan anak.Hasil; Terdapat Perubahan pola pengasuhan yang dilakukan oleh pengasuh kepada anak berusia 0-3 tahun. Dari hasil baseline dan endline yang dilakukan, ditemukan bahwa terdapat peningkatan pola pengasuhan oleh pengasuh dalam melakukan stimulasi secara dini kepada anak, dari 72,0% menjadi 90,5%. Peningkatan pola interaksi pengasuh dengan anak meningkat dari 18,5% menjadi 32,3%. Kebiasaan mencuci tangan mengalami peningkatan dari 53,2% menjadi 79,0%. Konsumsi sumber protein hewani mengalami peningkatan dari 66,4% menjadi 84,3%. Status gizi normal berdasarkan TB/U meningkat dari 69,01% menjadi 72,4%. Anak yang mengalami penyimpangan perkembangan motorik, bahasa, dan kemandirian (skor KPSP < 6), berkurang dari 2,7% menjadi 0%. Kesimpulan; Model kelas pengasuhan Go Baby Go yang diberikan seminggu sekali selama sepuluh minggu efektif meningkatkan tumbuh kembang anak usia 0-3 bulan. Saran; Model kelas pengasuhan Go Baby Go dapat direplikasi sebagai inovasi program untuk mengoptimalkan perkembangan anak usia 0-3 tahun. Kolaborasi dan kerjasama antara pemerintah lokal, Dinas Kesehatan dan NGO perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas kader dalam melakukan fasilitasi kelas dan memastikan keberlanjutan program

The Impact of Breastfeeding Duration to the Child Survival in Indonesia

Breastfeeding can decrease risk of infant death. But, it is not clear yet the effect of breastfeeding duration to the infant survival after controlled for the other determinant factors. This research is aimed to know the effect of duration of breastfeeding to infant survival in Indonesia after controlled for mother, infant, and environment factors. Data was analyzed by using multiple cox regression models. The result showed that duration of breastfeeding had a significant effect to infant survival in Indonesia. Infant who breastfeed for 6 months or more had 33.3 better survival than those who breastfeed less than 4 months. Infant who breastfeed for 4-5 months had 2.6 time better survival than those who breastfeed less than 4 months. Others determinant of infant survival in Indonesia are the number of under five year children in family and their residence. Its recommended to all party were expected to support the policy conducted by Department of Health to improve the duration of breastfeeding up to 24 months

Determinan Stres pada Pegawai Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia

Kejadian stres pada pelbagai kelompok di Indonesia cukup tinggi dan belum banyak diketahui determinannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui determinan stres pada pegawai Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (Kemenkes RI). Penelitian potong lintang ini dilakukan pada tahun 2013 terhadap 230 pegawai sekretariat jenderal yang dipilih secara acak. Analisis statistik menggunakan regresi logistik ganda. Responden dikatakan stres jika memiliki skor 28 atau lebih dengan menggunakan 17 pertanyaan terkait personal stress inventory. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi stres sebesar 79% dan determinan stres adalah obesitas, usia, jabatan, suku, pendidikan, dan aktivitas fisik. Risiko stres lebih tinggi pada pegawai yang obesitas (ORadj = 1,9), pegawai berusia di bawah 40 tahun (ORadj = 2,1), suku Sunda (ORadj = 3,1), menduduki jabatan struktural (ORadj = 2,3), pegawai yang berpendidikan SMA atau D3 (ORadj = 2,8), dan pegawai perempuan yang kurang aktivitas fisik (ORadj = 8,2). Disimpulkan bahwa determinan stres sangat bergantung pada beban kerja dan karakteristik individu, risiko stres sangat tinggi terdapat pada pegawai perempuan yang kurang aktivitas fisik. Disarankan agar Kemenkes melakukan promosi kesehatan tentang hidup sehat dan pencegahan stres kepada seluruh pegawai, melakukan rekreasi bersama secara berkala, melaksanakan olahraga rutin setiap hari Jumat pagi di pusat kebugaran Kemenkes untuk menurunkan obesitas dan stres. Determinants of Stress among Civil Servants at Health Ministry of IndonesiaThe prevalence of stress on various groups in Indonesia is quite high and has not been known their determinants. This study aimed to find out determinants of stress among civil servants at the Health Ministry of Republic of Indonesia. This cross sectional study was conducted in 2013 toward 230 secretariat general civil servants selected randomly. Analysis of statistic used multiple logistic regression. Respondents were considered stress if they got score 28 or more by using 17 questions personal stress inventory. Results showed that prevalence of stress related to and determinants of stress were obesity, age, position, tribe, education and physical activity was worth 79%. The risk of stress was higher among obese civil servants (ORadj = 1.9), age under 40 years old (ORadj = 2.1), tribe Sundanese (ORadj = 3.1), structural positions (ORadj = 2.0), senior high school or vocation level (ORadj = 2.8), women with lack of physical activity (ORadj = 8.2). To sum up, determinants of stress very depended on work loads and individual characteristics, the highest risk of stress among women who lack of physical activity. The Health Ministry should promote health public concerning healthy lifestyle and prevention of stress to all civil servants, periodically holding recreation together, conducting regular exercise on Friday morning in order to reduce obesity and stress

Character Education Values in Bahasa Inggris SMA/SMK for Grade Tenth of Senior High School Students

The purpose of this research was to analyze how textbook “Bahasa Inggris SMA/SMK” integrated characters education values into each reading text. This study was qualitative in nature focusing on content analysis. The result of this study found that among the 18 character values recommended in the curriculum, there were 14 values released in the textbook including religiosity, honesty, tolerance, discipline, hard work, creativity, curiosity, nationalism, patriotism, appreciation, friendliness/communication, love of peace, social awareness, and responsibility. From those eighteen characters, hard work is the most dominant with the percentage of 17.7%. Meanwhile, environmental awareness, independent, democracy, and reading interest characters were not presented. Furthermore, Fifty-eight point eight percent of the materials were explicitly integrated with the character while others were integrated implicitly. The result showed that the author seemed to make it easy for the students to comprehend the character values in the texts or sentences

The Level of Maternal Knowledge about Complications in Pregnancy toward the Increase of Low Birth Weight Cases

Background: Based on Metro City Health Office reports, there was an increase in the proportion of LBW cases from 75 cases per 1.000 live births in 2015 to 87 cases per 1.000 live births in 2016. Metro City Health Service stated that one of the causes was the low level of maternal knowledge, especially regarding the consumption of balanced nutrition during pregnancy. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the level of maternal knowledge and Low Birth Weight (LBW). Method: The study design was case-control, where low birth weight as a case and normal weight as a control. Study sample was 102, consisting of 51 cases and 51 control. Dependent variable was low birth weight, independent variable was the level of maternal knowledge. Data was obtained by interviewing the mothers, and secondary data was collected from community health center records. Data was analysed by bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Bivariate analysis showed that the OR level of maternal knowledge was 2,598 (95% CI: 1,126-5,995). The results of multivariate analysis showed that OR level of maternal knowledge was 2,646 (95% CI: 1,092-6,410). Conclusion: Mother's level of knowledge is a risk factor for LBW in Metro City