A new model for the infrared emission of IRAS F10214+4724

We present a new model for the infrared emission of the high redshift hyperluminous infrared galaxy IRAS F10214+4724 which takes into account recent photometric data from Spitzer and Herschel that sample the peak of its spectral energy distribution. We first demonstrate that the combination of the AGN tapered disc and starburst models of Efstathiou and coworkers, while able to give an excellent fit to the average spectrum of type 2 AGN measured by Spitzer, fails to match the spectral energy distribution of IRAS F10214+4724. This is mainly due to the fact that the nuSnu distribution of the galaxy falls very steeply with increasing frequency (a characteristic of heavy absorption by dust) but shows a silicate feature in emission. We propose a model that assumes two components of emission: clouds that are associated with the narrow-line region and a highly obscured starburst. The emission from the clouds must suffer significantly stronger gravitational lensing compared to the emission from the torus to explain the observed spectral energy distribution.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, to be published in 'The Spectral Energy Distribution of Galaxies' J. Tuffs \& C.C.Popescu, ed

Spirometry in fuel station attendants : a comparative study

Exposure to volatile fuel compounds and roadway motor vehicle exhaust leads to increased risk of chronic lung disease and carcinogenesis. Tobacco smoking further accelerates this process. Spirometry is an objective way of assessing lung function. The aim of this study is to infer whether fuel station attendants manifest a further decrease in lung function when compared to other full-time workers working outdoors and whether smoking tobacco manifest a further decrease in lung function among attendants.peer-reviewe

Internal Hernia Through Foramen of Winslow a Rare Cause of Small Bowel Obstruction: A Case Report

Internal hernia through foramen of Winslow (FoW) is rare condition as there are only 200 cases reported so far in the literature. Our patient a 78 years man presented with a clinical picture suggestive of small bowel obstruction for 5 days. Patient underwent emergency laparotomy following suspicion of internal hernia on imaging. On exploratory laparotomy there was grossly dilated bowel loops and a small segment of terminal ileum and omentum was found herniating through FoW in to the lesser sac. The bowel segment was reduced with gentle traction and herniated segment of omentum was excised due to questionable viability. Opening of FoW was unusually large and to prevent hernia recurrence it was closed partially. Postoperative period was uneventful. This unusual case presented to us diagnostic confusion and management challenge considering the previous history, multiple comorbidities and geriatric profile

Reconstructing the Past: The Case of the Spadina Expressway

In order to build resilient systems that can be operational for a long time, it is important that analysts are able to model the evolution of the requirements of that system. The Evolving Intentions framework models how stakeholders’ goals change over time. In this work, our aim is to validate applicability and effectiveness of this technique on a substantial case. In the absence of ground truth about future evolutions, we used historical data and rational reconstruction to understand how a project evolved in the past. Seeking a well-documented project with varying stakeholder intentions over a substantial period of time, we selected requirements of the Toronto Spadina Expressway. In this paper, we report on the experience and the results of modeling this project over different time periods, which enabled us to assess the modeling and reasoning capabilities of the approach, its support for asking and answering ‘what if’ questions, and the maturity of the underlying tool support. We also demonstrate a novel process for creating time-based models through the construction and merging of scenarios

Grameen Microfinance: An Evaluation of the Successes and Limitations of the Grameen Bank

The Grameen Bank has attracted worldwide attention by providing small loans to poor people across rural villages in Bangladesh. In 2006 the Nobel Committee awarded the Grameen Bank and its founder Professor Mohammad Yunus the Nobel Peace Prize for their, “efforts to create economic and social development from below.”[1] The Nobel committee asserted that microfinance is “an important liberating force and an ever more important instrument in the struggle against poverty.”[2] Since then, a global microfinance revolution has emerged and the Grameen Bank has been at the vanguard of this movement, showing the potential to alleviate poverty by providing credit to poor households so that they can generate new self-employment opportunities. Today, while diverse approaches to microcredit exist many view the Grameen Bank’s microfinance model as a paradigmatic alternative to top–down government-sponsored and NGO development initiatives.[3] Despite the contemporary salience and the future promise of Grameen-like microfinance as a poverty-alleviating tool, however, criticisms and conflicting evidence have emerged against the Grameen Bank’s microfinance model and its operations. As more microfinance institutions replicate this model, billions of dollars continue to be invested and millions of borrowers become dependent on Grameen-like microfinance, therefore, it has become increasingly important to examine the successes and limitations of the Grameen Bank. The goal of this paper will be to evaluate the Grameen Bank’s financial and social successes and limitations. Chapter 1 explores the origins of the Grameen Bank and the structure of its credit delivery system. Chapter 2 examines the Grameen Bank’s financial successes, including its institutional, outreach and loan portfolio growth in recent years. Chapter 3 presents the financial limitations of the Grameen Bank, in particular the recent rise in delinquency, several possible explanations for this rise as well as its significance relative to its main competitors and other microfinance institutions around the world. Chapter 4 presents the Grameen Bank’s social successes and limitations and finally Chapter 5 evaluates whether the Grameen Bank has been financially and socially successful as an institution and as a leader in the global microfinance movement. [1] The Nobel Peace Prize 2006 . Nobelprize.org. 23 Jul 2010 http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2006/ [2] Prof. Muhammad Yunus & Grameen Bank Awarded The Nobel Peace Prize for 2006. Grameen Bank. Web. 15 July 2010. . [3] Selinger, Evan. Does Microcredit ‘‘Empower’’? Reflections on the Grameen Bank Debate. Rep. Springer Science+Business Media, 23 Jan. 2008. Web.