32 research outputs found
Extending the lining life in circulatory vacuum units at OAO EVRAZ NTMK
Practical methods for extending the life of submersible tubes in vacuum chambers are considered. The structure of periclase-chromite components is studied. Refractories corresponding to optimal vacuum-chamber operation in the converter shop at OAO EVRAZ NTMK are selected. Β© 2013 Allerton Press, Inc
Analysis of the effect of periclase-carbon refractory quality on converter lining life
Results are provided for comparative analysis of claimed physicochemical and physicoceramic properties of periclase-carbon objects from different producer firms. Supplementary research determines the properties of periclase object charge components (periclase and carbon purity and grain size, strength before and after coking firing, and other parameters). Converter wall and bottom residual thickness are analyzed with comparison of operating conditions. Β© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² III ΠΈ IV Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π· Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ² ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠΌΡΡΡ, ΡΠΊΡ ΠΌΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ, Π°Π»ΡΠΌΡΠ½ΡΡ, Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π· ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΏΡΠ²Π²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ². Π€ΡΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½Ρ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ· Π·Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΡΠ²ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΠΎΡ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΡ, ΠΠ§-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΡΠΉΠ½Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ-ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΡΠ². Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΌΡΡΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΡ Π· ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΌΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡ 1-3,2 Π½ΠΌ ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Π΅Ρ 242-432 ΠΌΒ²/Π³. Π Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΠ§-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ² Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ°Π½Π²ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π· Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΊ Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏ. ΠΡΠ΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ, Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π±ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ Ρ Π°ΠΌΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΉΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±βΡΠΌΠ½Ρ ΡΠΌΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Al(OH)β-La(OH)β, Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π·Π΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎ 9 ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ/Π³ Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ° 6 ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ/Π³ Ρ Π»ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
. ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΌΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ-ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ 522,5 ΠΌΠ³/Π³ (ΠΏΡΠΈ pH β 2,5) Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ Al(OH)β-La(OH)β ΡΠ° 294,5 ΠΌΠ³/Π³ (ΠΏΡΠΈ pH β 9) Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ Al(OH)β-Ce(OH)β.Binary mixtures containing hydrous oxides of titanium, aluminum, lanthanum, and cerium with various ratio of ingredients have been synthesized by means of co-precipitation method from water solutions. The physical and chemical properties of the target materials have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, porosity studies and pH titration. The sorption affinity of binary mixtures towards phosphate ions has been studied. The synthesized binary mixtures have a mezoporous structure with the pore size of 1-3,2 nm and the specific surface area of 242-432 mΒ²/g. IR spectroscopy has shown that a mechanism of removal of phosphates with water solution by lanthanum containing materials is caused by the anion exchange process with participation of hydroxyl groups. pH titration has shown that binary mixtures are ampholytes. The mixture of Al(OH)β-La(OH)β has the maximal exchange capacity of 9 mmol/g in acidic media and 6 mmol/g in alkaline media. Maximal exchange capacities towards phosphate ions are 522,5 mg/g (pH β 2,5) for Al(OH)β-La(OH)β and 294,5 mg/g (pH β 9) for Al(OH)β-Ce(OH)β.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π°, Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ, Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². Π€ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΎΡ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ, ΠΠ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ-ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌ. Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ 1-3,2 Π½ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ 242-432 ΠΌΒ²/Π³. Π‘ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΠ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ Π°Π½ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ. Π‘ΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π°ΠΌΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Al(OH)β-La(OH)β, Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 9 ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ/Π³ Π² ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ 6 ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ/Π³ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Ρ
. ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ-ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ 522,5 ΠΌΠ³/Π³ (ΠΏΡΠΈ pH β 2.5) Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Al(OH)β-La(OH)β ΠΈ 294,5 ΠΌΠ³/Π³ (ΠΏΡΠΈ pH β 9) Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Al(OH)β-Ce(OH)β
Π‘ΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° (ΠΠΠ) ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ FeOOH (Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ Π·Π°Π»ΡΠ·Π°), Ξ±-FeOOH (Π³Π΅ΡΠΈΡ) Ρ Ξ³-FeOOH (Π»Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ). Π€ΡΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΡ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ· Π·Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΡΠ²ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠ-ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Ξ±-FeOOH Ρ Ξ³-FeOOH ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΊ FeOOH Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΡΠΉΠ½Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ³ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ² Π·Π°Π»ΡΠ·Π° ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ-ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΡΠ². Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ³ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π·Π°Π»ΡΠ·Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π· ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΌΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ 2 Π½ΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ FeOOH (Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ)Ρ Ξ³-FeOOH ΡΠ° 16 Π½ΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ Ξ±-FeOOH. ΡΠ-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΠΎ FeOOH (Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ) Ρ Π°ΠΌΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ· ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΌΠ½ΡΡΡΡ 3 ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ/Π³ Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ° 3,5 ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ/Π³ Ρ Π»ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
. ΠΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ»ΡΠ½Π° ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ Π·Π΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ³ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ² Π·Π°Π»ΡΠ·Π° ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ-ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² Π²ΠΈΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»Π°, ΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΉΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Ρ FeOOH (Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ), ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΡΠΉΠ½Π° ΡΠΌΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΡ 237,5 ΠΌΠ³/Π³ Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌΡ Ρ 104,5 ΠΌΠ³/Π³ Ρ Π»ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
.By means of precipitation method FeOOH (amorphous ferric oxyhydrate), Ξ±-FeOOH (goethite) and Ξ³-FeOOH (lepidocrocite) have been synthesized. Physical-and-chemical parameters of the synthesized compounds have been characterized using X-ray diffraction, porosity studies, pH titration. With the aid of XRD it was found that Ξ±-FeOOH and Ξ³-FeOOH have crystalline structure, while FeOOH is amorphous. The sorption affinity of ferric oxyhydrates of various crystalline structure towards phosphate ions has been studied. The synthesized oxyhydrates have a mezoporous structure with the pore size of 2 nm for FeOOH (amorphous), Ξ³-FeOOH and 16 nm for Ξ±-FeOOH. ΡΠ titration has shown that FeOOH (amorphous) is an ampholite with the maximal exchange capacity of 3 mmol/g in acidic media and 3,5 mmol/g in alkaline media. The comparison of the sorption affinity of the ferric oxyhydrates with various crystalline structures towards phosphate ions shows that FeOOH (amorphous) has the best parameters, and its sorption capacity reaches 237,5 mg/g in acidic media and 104,5 mg/g in alkaline media.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ FeOOH (Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π°), Ξ±-FeOOH (Π³Π΅ΡΠΈΡ) ΠΈ Ξ³-FeOOH (Π»Π΅ΠΏΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ). Π€ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. Π‘ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Ξ±-FeOOH ΠΈ Ξ³-FeOOH ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ FeOOH - Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ-ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌ. Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ 2 Π½ΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ FeOOH (Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ), Ξ³-FeOOH ΠΈ 16 Π½ΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ Ξ±-FeOOH. ΡΠ-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ FeOOH (Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ) ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΌΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ 3 ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ/Π³ Π² ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ 3,5 ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ/Π³ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Ρ
. Π‘ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ-ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»Π°, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ FeOOH (Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ), ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ Π΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ 237,5 ΠΌΠ³/Π³ Π² ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ 104,5 ΠΌΠ³/Π³ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Ρ
PERIODOGRAM METHOD OF DETECTION OF WIDEBAND SIGNAL
A method is proposed for detection of wideband signal n the basis of the results of a concurrent l frequency analysis in conditions of uncertainty of structural-temporal and energy parameters of the signal and the noise variance. As a mathematical tool used in finding a solution, there have been taken the concepts of fuzzy algorithms for data processing and statistical evaluation. The efficiency and workability of the proposed method are proved by the results of the comparative modeling and approbation of the actual signal
Response of soft tissues and abdominal organs of rabbits and rats to implanting albucid-containing cross-linked polyurethane composite
Background: Craniofacial injuries represent 29% of all trauma cases, and patients need to have their affected orbit, orbital adnexa, and periorbital area surgically reconstructed or restored. However, the outcomes of these procedures depend also on the quality of implant materials. Previously, we have developed a polymer material made of cross-linked polyurethane (PU) and containing a biologically active substance, albucid; it seems to be a promising implant material.
Purpose: To investigate experimentally the response of soft tissues and abdominal organs of animals (rabbits and rats) to implanting the albucid-containing cross-linked PU composite.
Material and Methods: Assessment of soft tissue response to implantation of the synthetic polymer material. The skin response to implanting the albucid-containing cross-linked PU composite was assessed through the intracutaneous injection of the extract of the test material in rabbits. The soft tissue response was assessed through subcutaneous implantation of cross-linked PU composites in Wistar rats. The response of abdominal organs to implanting the cross-linked PU composite was assessed through the intraperitoneal injection (20 ml per kg body weight) of the extract of the test material in Wistar rats.
Conclusion: The intracutaneous injection of the extract of the test material caused neither erythema nor edema in rabbits, and the test sample of the albucid-containing cross-linked PU composite was considered non-irritating, since a difference between the average scores for the test extract and control extract (i.e., a value of the primary irritation index) was of 0 to 0.4 points. Over the period of observation of potential acute systemic toxicity, no animal injected with the extract of the test material (the albucid-containing cross-linked PU composite) displayed higher biologic response than animals injected with the control extract, and the test sample of the albucid-containing cross-linked PU composite conformed to the requirements of tests for systemic toxicity. This study demonstrated a natural process for a foreign body residing in the body (gradual foreign body separation from the surrounding tissues due to formation of a connective tissue capsule) after implantation of the samples of cross-linked PU composites in animal bodies. The cellular responses were (1) typical for a living body response to the presence of a foreign body at the site of implant placement and (2) characteristic for aseptic inflammation. The test samples produced moderate irritation when placed into the animalβs body