의료서비스의 접근성 형평에 관한 연구

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :사회복지학과,1995.Maste

Postretirement earnings relative to preretirement earnings: Gender and racial differences

As the social security program comes under increasing financial pressure in the coming decades, the federal government will encourage elderly people to continue to work. Data from the Social Security Administration indicate that earnings are already a sizable component of retirement income. But there is public concern about how women and minorities will fare economically in this changing policy environment. To what extent can women and minorities keep earning money after they reach retirement age? This article presents the results of a study that investigated the postretirement earnings, relative to the preretirement earnings, of women and minorities, and compared the results with those for men and whites. The major finding, based on regression analyses, was that women's postretirement earnings, relative to their preretirement earnings, were greater than those of men. Furthermore, the regression results indicate that nonwhites' postretirement earnings could not be predicted by their preretirement earnings or by any of the independent variables used in the study, including age, gender, education, marital status, number of children, occupation, and preretirement earnings. Copyright © by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved

Disability and Economic Well-Being in Old Age

Because their income status after retirement depends heavily on their prior experiences, retired people with disabilities face economic hardship compared with those without disability. While they are young, they tend to have less education and lower paying jobs and are less likely to marry. Thus, the question arises: Does disability status per se make them economically disadvantaged? This article presents the results of a study that investigated the net effect of disability status on the income status of retired people at the time of retirement and 10 years later, controlling for demographic variables, education, occupation, and degree of labor force attachment. The major finding was that when other variables were controlled, there was no difference in the income status of disabled and nondisabled persons at these two points in time. © 2003, Sage Publications. All rights reserved