14 research outputs found

    ์šด์ „์ž ๊ฐ์ • ์กฐ์ ˆ ์ธํฌํ…Œ์ธ๋จผํŠธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(DENIS): ์šด์ „์ž์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„ ์กฐ์ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ, 2023. 2. ์œค๋ช…ํ™˜.์ž์œจ ์ฃผํ–‰์ด ์ ์ฐจ ๋†’์€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ƒ์šฉํ™” ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ธํฌํ…Œ์ธ๋จผํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ๊ฐ์ • ๊ธฐ๋ณต์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฐ์ •์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์ •๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ๋ฆฌ์•ก์…˜ ํƒ€์ž„์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ 5๋ ˆ๋ฒจ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์šด์ „์ž๋Š” Take Over Request ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ฉฐ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์†๋„, ํ˜น์€ ์ธ์ง€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ๊ฐ์ • ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ธ์ง€๋ ฅ/์ˆœ๋ฐœ๋ ฅ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ , ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋ฅผ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ๊ฐ์ • ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•จ์„ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ์— ๋งž๋Š” ์ธํฌํ…Œ์ธ๋จผํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ž…์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.As autonomous driving became commercialized at a higher stage, the possibility and ease of people watching vehicle infotainment increased. Accordingly, the user's emotional ups and downs are inevitably affected, and there will be a difference in the user's reaction time depending on the expected degree of emotion activation. Considering the driver's reaction time is essential because drivers cannot be free from Take Over Requests when the self-driving stage is less than three levels and require faster response speed or cognitive ability to be safer in dangerous situations. Therefore, this study showed the difference in reaction time according to the user's mood and developed an initial prototype that provides infotainment corresponding to the user's emotional state.Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Research Objectives 2 1.3 Organization of the Thesis 2 Chapter 2 Literature Review 3 2.1 Overview 3 2.2 Autonomous Vehicle 3 2.3 Infotainment 5 2.4 Mood Regulation and Mood Maintenance 7 2.5 Reaction Time In TOR Situation 8 Chapter 3 Experiment 10 3.1 Overview and Hypothesis 10 3.2 Methods 10 3.2.1 Participants 10 3.2.2 Apparatus 13 3.2.3 Measures 15 3.2.4 Experimental Design 17 3.2.5 Experimental Procedure 19 3.2.6 Data 21 3.2.7 Data Analysis 23 3.2.8 Subjective Label Annotation 24 3.3 Results 25 3.3.1 Reaction Time 25 3.3.2 Mood Regulation 30 3.3.3 Image Classification 45 Chapter 4 Discussion 46 4.1 Mood Regulation 46 4.2 Reaction Time 47 4.2 Image Classification 47 Chapter 5 Conclusion 48 5.1 Limitation, Contribution, and Future Directions 48 Bibliography 50 Abstract in Korean 55์„

    Analysis of user attitude and behaviour in information privacy by innovative service : A view from payment and settlement service

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฒฝ์˜ยท๊ฒฝ์ œยท์ •์ฑ…์ „๊ณต, 2016. 2. ํ™ฉ์ค€์„.์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์€ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ธ‰์†๋„๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ์†Œํ†ต๋ฐฉ์‹๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ ,ํ’์š”๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋ฐ ํ˜์‹ ์„ฑ(innovativeness)์„ ๋…ผํ•  ๋•Œ, ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ ํ˜น์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ž์ฒด์˜ ํ˜์‹ ๊ณผ ์ง„๋ณด์— ์ง‘์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ์€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋˜๊ณ , ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค(database)ํ™” ๋˜์–ด ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ •๋ณด ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„์‹œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ๋…ผ์˜๋˜๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ฐ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ํ˜์‹ ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ธˆ์œต ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ์˜ ํ˜์‹ ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ƒํ™œ์— ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธˆ์œต ์‚ฐ์—… ๋‚ด, ์ง€๊ธ‰๊ฒฐ์ œ(payment and settlement) ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ๊ทธ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ๋„ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์“ฐ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์‹ ์šฉ ๋ฐ ์ฒดํฌ์นด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•ด, ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ๊ฒฐ์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ ํ˜์‹ ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ตœ๊ทผ์—” ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ๊ฒฐ์ œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ๋ˆˆ๋ถ€์‹œ๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ง€๊ธ‰๊ฒฐ์ œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹ ์ด ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ, ์ด์šฉ์ž๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ด์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ์ž๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋„˜๊ฒจ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„์‹œ ๋…ธ์ถœ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Ajzen, 1985). 2010๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ํ˜์‹  ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ˆ˜์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์€ ์ด์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ๋”์šฑ ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Sutanto et al., 2013Zhou, 2011). ์ด์šฉ์ž๋“ค์€ ์œ„์น˜๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„œ๋น„์Šค(Location-Based Service, LBS) ์ด์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์œ„์น˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์Šค์Šค๋Ÿผ์—†์ด ์„œ๋น„์Šค์ œ๊ณต์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋” ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณ , ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค(Culnan et al., 2003Noberg et al., 2007). ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ํ˜์‹  ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ ๋ฐ ์ •๋ณด์ œ๊ณตํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Š” ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ํ–‰๋™ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์š”์ธ์—๋งŒ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ˜์‹ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์–ป๋Š” ์ด์ต๊ณผ ์œ„ํ—˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค์ฆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธํกํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธ‰๊ฒฐ์ œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ˜์‹ ๊ณผ ์ •๋ณด ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„์‹œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ท ํ˜• ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ํ˜์‹ ๊ณผ ๋™๋ฐ˜๋˜๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•จ, ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฐ„๊ณผ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜์‹์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ด์šฉ์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ ์ง€๊ธ‰๊ฒฐ์ œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์ต(benefit)๊ณผ ์œ„ํ—˜(risk) ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด๋ถ„์„(gap analysis)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜์‹  ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ„ํ—˜์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ค„์–ด๋“œ๋Š”๊ฐ€?์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์‹ ์šฉ/์ฒดํฌ์นด๋“œ-์˜จ๋ผ์ธ๊ฒฐ์ œ-๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ๊ฒฐ์ œ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ง€๊ธ‰๊ฒฐ์ œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ˜์‹ ๊ณผ ์ •๋ณด ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„์‹œ์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„์‹œ ์ด๋ก ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ˜์‹ ์ด ์ง€์†๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„์‹œ๋Š” ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ˜์‹ ๋œ ์ง€๊ธ‰๊ฒฐ์ œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค(payment and settlement service) ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ๊ฐ„ํŽธํ•จ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๊ธ‰๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ๋” ์ทจ์•ฝํ•ด ์งˆ ์†Œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ณด์žฅ๋˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„์‹œ ๋ณด์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ๊ณต๊ณต์˜ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ณด์™„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•จ์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.1. ์„œ๋ก  1 2. ๋ฌธํ—Œ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 3 2.1 ์ •๋ณด ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„์‹œ 3 2.2 ์ •๋ณด ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„์‹œ ์—ผ๋ ค/์œ„ํ—˜ 5 2.3 ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„์‹œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์ด๋ก  7 2.4 ์ง€๊ธ‰๊ฒฐ์ œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค 9 2.4.1 ์ง€๊ธ‰๊ฒฐ์ œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์ •์˜ 9 2.4.2 ์ง€๊ธ‰๊ฒฐ์ œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ˜์‹  10 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค 12 3.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• 12 3.2 ์ง€๊ธ‰๊ฒฐ์ œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ˆ˜์šฉ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 14 3.3 ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„์‹œ ์—ญ์„ค ํ˜„์ƒ 18 3.4 ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์‹ ๋ขฐ 22 3.5 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์กฐ์ž‘์  ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ์ธก์ •ํ•ญ๋ชฉ 23 4. ์‹ค์ฆ ๋ถ„์„ 25 4.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ‘œ๋ณธ ๋ฐ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 25 4.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 32 4.3 ๊ฐ€์„ค๊ฒ€์ฆ ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์˜ 37 4.4 ์ •๋ณด ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„์‹œ ์—ญ์„ค ๊ฒ€์ฆ 40 4.5 ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 40 5. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  43 5.1 ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  43 5.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 47 ์ฐธ ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ ํ—Œ 48 ๋ถ€๋ก 1 : ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์ง€ 56 Abstract 67Maste

    ASSR-based Brain Computer Interface using Music and Natural Sound

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง์ „๊ณต, 2013. 2. ๋ฐ•๊ด‘์„.์™„์ „ ๊ฐ๊ธˆ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ(Total locked-in syndrome) ํ™˜์ž์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์˜์‹์€ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์˜จ ๋ชธ์˜ ๊ทผ์œก์ด ๋งˆ๋น„๋œ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์™ธ๋ถ€์— ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์—†๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ƒ์ฒด ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ์˜์‚ฌํ‘œํ˜„์„ ๋ณด์กฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒญ๊ฐ ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด๋ž€ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ง„ํญ ๋ณ€์กฐ๋œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์ž๊ทน์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋‡ŒํŒŒ์—์„œ ์ž๊ทน ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ์–‘์ชฝ ๊ท€์— ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฒญ๊ฐ ์ž๊ทน์„ ๋“ค๋ ค์ฃผ๊ณ  ํ•œ์ชฝ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์—๋งŒ ์„ ํƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฒญ๊ฐ ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์กฐ์ ˆ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ํƒ์  ์ง‘์ค‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์™ผ์ชฝ์ด๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‡Œ-์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์ด ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์ฒญ๊ฐ์ž๊ทน์€ ๋‹จ์ผ ํ†ค์˜ ์บ๋ฆฌ์–ด(carrier)๋ฅผ ์ง„ํญ ๋ณ€์กฐ์‹œ์ผœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ, ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๋“ฃ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•จ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•จ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹จ์ผ ํ†ค์˜ ์บ๋ฆฌ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ ์Œ์•…์ด๋‚˜ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ํ”ผ๋กœ๋„๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง‘์ค‘๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์„ธ ๋ช…์˜ ํ”ผํ—˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์‹คํ—˜์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋‡ŒํŒŒ๋Š” Cz, Oz, T7, T8์—์„œ 512Hz์˜ sampling rate๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ํŠธ๋ผ์ด์–ผ(trial)์€ 5์ดˆ๊ฐ„์˜ ์Œ์„ฑ ์•ˆ๋‚ด์™€ 20์ดˆ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฒญ๊ฐ์ž๊ทน์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 50๋ฒˆ์˜ ํŠธ๋ผ์ด์–ผ์ด ํ•œ ์„ธ์…˜(session)์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๊ณ  50๋ฒˆ์˜ trial ์ค‘ 40๋ฒˆ์˜ trial์„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ์˜ ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ, 10๋ฒˆ์˜ trial์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ ํ˜•ํŒ๋ณ„๋ถ„์„(linear discriminant analysis: LDA) ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ feature๋Š” ๋‡ŒํŒŒ์ธก์ •์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ฐ ์ „๊ทน์—์„œ์˜ 38Hz, 42Hz(๊ฐ ์ž๊ทน์˜ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜)์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ํŒŒ์›Œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ์Œ์•…์„ ์ž๊ทน์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ท€์— ๋“ค๋ ค์ฃผ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํ‰๊ท  87.3%์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ํ•œ์ชฝ ๊ท€์—๋Š” ๋ฌผ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ, ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์ชฝ ๊ท€์—๋Š” ๋งค๋ฏธ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ž๊ทน์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ ค์ฃผ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ‰๊ท  90%์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜ ํ›„ ํ”ผํ—˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ฌธํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์ž๊ทน์ด ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์ž๊ทน๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ํŽธํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.์ œ 1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท 1 ์ œ 1์ ˆ ๊ฐ๊ธˆ์ฆํ›„๊ทผ ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท 1 ์ œ 2์ ˆ ๋‡Œ-์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท 3 ์ œ 3์ ˆ ์ฒญ๊ฐ ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ๋ฐ˜์‘ ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท 6 ์ œ 4์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์  ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท 8 ์ œ 2์žฅ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท 9 ์ œ 1์ ˆ ์ž๊ทน ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท 9 ์ œ 2์ ˆ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํš๋“ ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท 13 ์ œ 3์ ˆ ์‹คํ—˜ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท 15 ์ œ 4์ ˆ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท 16 ์ œ 3์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท 17 ์ œ 4์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ํ† ์˜ ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท 24 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท 25Maste

    ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ˜• ์ด๋งˆ ์•ˆ์ „๋„ ์ธก์ • ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ ์ฒญ๊ฐ ์ž๊ทน ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง์ „๊ณต, 2018. 2. ๋ฐ•๊ด‘์„.the sounds of water streaming and cicadas singing were used in the natural sound sessions. Six healthy subjects participated in the experiment. Electroencephalograms were recorded using four electrodes (Cz, Oz, T7 and T8). Seven sessions were performed using different stimuli. The spectral power at 38 and 42 Hz and their ratio for each electrode were extracted as features. Linear discriminant analysis was utilized to classify the selections for each subject. In an offline analysis, the average classification accuracy with a modulation index of 1.0 were 89.67% and 87.67% using music and natural sounds, respectively. In online experiments, the average classification accuracies were 88.3% and 80.0% using music and natural sounds, respectively. Using the proposed method, we obtained significantly higher user-acceptance scores, while maintaining a high average classification accuracy. To date, the humanโ€“computer interface has achieved many technological advances. Henceforth, it will also be necessary to improve user convenience in consideration of ergonomic factors' increased performance. It is expected that the proposed system will be able to help disabled people accept and use humanโ€“computer interface systems without discomfort.์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋งˆ๋น„ ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์„ธ์ƒ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„-์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ๊ตฌ ์šด๋™์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ˆ๊ตฌ ์šด๋™์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์•ˆ๊ตฌ ์šด๋™์กฐ์ฐจ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์„œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ํŽธ์˜ ์„ฑ์„ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณตํ•™์ ์ธ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ธ๊ฐ„-์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ, ์ด๋งˆ์—์„œ ์•ˆ์ „๋„(EOG)๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ „๊ทน ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋งˆ ์•ˆ์ „๋„์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์ „๊ทน ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์ฐฉ์šฉ ํ˜• ์ด๋งˆ ์•ˆ์ „๋„ ์ธก์ • ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์–ดํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์ด ๋„ค ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ „๊ทน์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‘ ์ฑ„๋„๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์•ˆ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ƒํ•˜ ์›€์ง์ž„๊ณผ ์ขŒ์šฐ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์–ดํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์€ Bremen BCI speller๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ํ‚ค๋ณด๋“œ, ์ˆœ์ฐจ์  ์ž๋™ ์˜ค-์—ด ์Šค์บ”์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ƒํ‚ค๋ณด๋“œ, ์ „๋™ ํœ ์ฒด์–ด ์šด์ „์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ƒํ‚ค๋ณด๋“œ์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์†๋„๋Š” ๋ถ„๋‹น 10.81์ž์™€ 7.74์ž์ด๊ณ , ํ‰๊ท  ์ •ํ™•๋„๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 91.25%, 95.12%์ด๋‹ค. ์ „๋™ ํœ ์ฒด์–ด ์šด์ „์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์ถฉ๋Œ ์—†์ด 8์ž ์ฃผํ–‰์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ, ์ฒญ๊ฐ ์ž๊ทน์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋…ธํ†ค ์บ๋ฆฌ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์Œ์•…๊ณผ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ฒญ๊ฐ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณตํ•™์  ๋‡Œ-์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์Œ์•… ์„ธ์…˜์—์„œ๋Š” ํ”ผ์•„๋…ธ์™€ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ์—ฐ์ฃผ ๊ณก์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์„ธ์…˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งค๋ฏธ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋ฌผ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๋ช…์˜ ํ”ผํ—˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์‹คํ—˜์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‡Œ์ „๋„(EEG)๋Š” Cz, Oz, T7, T8 ๋„ค ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž๊ทน๊ณผ ๋ณ€์กฐ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ผ๊ณฑ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ์„ธ์…˜์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์ „๊ทน์—์„œ ์ธก์ •๋œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ 38Hz ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ ํŒŒ์›Œ, 42Hz ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ ํŒŒ์›Œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ํŠน์ง•์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ํ”ผํ—˜์ž์˜ ์„ ํƒ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ํ˜•ํŒ๋ณ„๋ถ„์„๋ฒ•์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณ€์กฐ ์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 1.0์ธ ์Œ์•…๊ณผ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์„ธ์…˜์˜ ์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ‰๊ท  ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 89.67%, 87.67%์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์Œ์•… ์„ธ์…˜๊ณผ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์„ธ์…˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 88.3%, 80.0%์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์ž๊ทน ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ด๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ธ๊ฐ„-์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ๋Š” ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณตํ•™์ ์ธ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„-์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•จ ์—†์ด ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.For patients with severe paralysis it is difficult to communicate with the outside world. Human-computer interface technologies have been developed for such patients. Patients who can move the eye use the interface through eye movement, and those who cannot even move the eye make use of the interface by leveraging other senses. However, existing interface technologies have disadvantages that users cannot easily accept due to various inconveniences. In this study, two approaches to ergonomic human-computer interfaces were proposed to improve user acceptance. First, a new electrode location for measuring the electro-oculogram in the forehead was proposed and a wearable forehead EOG measurement system using the proposed electrode arrangement was developed. Four electrodes, including the ground electrode, were placed on the forehead. The two channels were arranged vertically and horizontally, sharing a positive electrode. Additionally, a real-time eye movement classification algorithm was developed based on the characteristics of the forehead EOG. Three applications were employed to evaluate the proposed system: a virtual keyboard using a modified Bremen BCI speller and an automatic sequential row-column scanner, and a drivable power wheelchair. The mean typing speeds of the modified Bremen brainโ€“computer interface (BCI) speller and automatic row-column scanner were 10.81 and 7.74 letters per minute, and the mean classification accuracies were 91.25% and 95.12%, respectively. In the power wheelchair demonstration, the user drove the wheelchair through an 8-shape course without colliding with obstacles. Second, an auditory stimulation method to minimize auditory stress was proposed by replacing the monotone carrier with familiar music and natural sounds for an ergonomic system. Piano and violin instrumentals were employed in the music sessionsChapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Backgrounds 1 1.1.1. Human Computer Interface 1 1.1.2. Electrooculogram 1 1.1.3. Electroencephalogram 2 1.1.4. Auditory steady state response 3 1.1.5. Locked-in syndrome 4 1.2. Previous studies 5 1.2.1. EOG based HCI studies 5 1.2.2. EEG based HCI studies 5 1.2.3. Ergonomic Human Computer Interface design 6 1.3. Objectives 9 Chapter 2. Wearable forehead EOG measurement system for HCI 11 2.1. Methods 11 2.1.1. Placement of electrodes 11 2.1.2. Wearable system design 13 2.1.3. Signal processing and classification 16 2.1.4. Applications 20 2.2. Results 23 2.2.1. Forehead EOG 23 2.2.2. Applications 26 Chapter 3. Music and natural sounds in ASSR based BCI to increase user acceptance 33 3.1. Methods 33 3.1.1. Auditory stimuli 33 3.1.2. Data acquisition 37 3.1.3. Experimental protocol 37 3.1.4. Feature extraction and classification 40 3.1.5. Questionnaire 41 3.2. Results 42 3.2.1. Stimulus type 42 3.2.2. Modulation index 44 3.2.3. Time window analysis 46 3.2.4. Questionnaire 47 Chapter 4. Discussion 49 4.1. HCI design for practical use 49 4.2. Wearable forehead EOG 52 4.3. Comfortable auditory stimulation method 60 Chapter 5. Conclusion 67 References 68 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก 81Docto

    In vitro model of three dimensional organotypic culture of oral cancer cell lines.

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    ์น˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ํ‰๋ฉด์ƒ์—์„œ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์„ธํฌ ๋ฐฐ์–‘๋ฒ•์€ ์ƒํ”ผ ํ•˜๋ฐฉ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ฒด ์กฐ์ง์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์—ฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒํ”ผ ์„ธํฌ-๊ฒฐ์ฒด์กฐ์ง๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์—†์–ด ์›๋ž˜์˜ in vivo์กฐ์ง๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœํ•™์ , ์ƒํ™”ํ•™์ , ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹จ์ธต ๋ฐฐ์–‘์‹œ ๋ฐฐ์ง€ ์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ƒ์ฒด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ ‘์ด‰์ด ์†Œ์‹ค๋˜์–ด ์ƒํ”ผ์„ธํฌ๋‚˜ ์•”์ข… ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋ถ„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋„๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ฒด์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ์ƒํ”ผ ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์€ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„ํ™”์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ํฌ์œ  ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ณผ์ •๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์„ฑ์ธ ์กฐ์ง์ด ์ •์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ์ƒํ”ผ์™€ ๊ฒฐ์ฒด์กฐ์ง๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์•” ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ณผ ์ „์ด ๊ณผ์ • ์—์„œ๋„ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ”ผ-๊ฒฐ์ฒด ์กฐ์ง ์ƒํ˜ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์žฌํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ œ 1 ํ˜• ๊ต์›์งˆ๊ณผ ์„ฌ์œ ๋ชจ์„ธํฌ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์ง„ํ”ผ ์œ ์‚ฌ์ฒด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ air-liquid interface ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” organotypic raft culture๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์ฒด์™€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ• ์•”์ข… ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์‚ผ์ฐจ์›์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์™€๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฐฐ์–‘๋œ ์ข…์–‘์„ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ H-E์—ผ์ƒ‰๊ณผ ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™์—ผ์ƒ‰์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ• ์•” ์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ• ์•”์ข… ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์‚ผ์ฐจ์› ๋ฐฐ์–‘์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์„ฌ์œ ๋ชจ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•˜๋ถ€ ๊ฒฐ์ฒด์กฐ์ง์— ์„ฌ์œ ๋ชจ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จ์‹œํ‚จ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ํฌํ•จ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์ง„ํ”ผ ์œ ์‚ฌ์ฒด ์ƒ์—์„œ ์‚ผ์ฐจ์› ๋ฐฐ์–‘๋œ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ• ์•”์ข… ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ์ค‘์ธตํ™”, ํ•ต์˜ ๊ณผ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ƒ, ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ,๋น„์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์„ธํฌ ๋ถ„์—ด๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ์ƒ๊ฒ€๋œ ์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœํ•™์  ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค. 2. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ• ์•”์ข… ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ฒด ์กฐ์ง๋‚ด๋กœ์˜ ์นจ์œค์„ฑ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋ฐฑ์„œ ์ง„ํ”ผ์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถˆ๋ฉธํ™”๋œ swiss3T3๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ”ผ์œ ์‚ฌ์ฒด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ์ผ์ฐจ ๋ฐฐ์–‘๋œ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ• ์ ๋ง‰ ์„ฌ์œ ๋ชจ์„ธํฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง„ํ”ผ ์œ ์‚ฌ์ฒด์— ์„ฌ์œ ๋ชจ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ์•”์ข… ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์นจ์œค์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. 3. YD-15, -15M, -17, -17M์—์„œ๋Š” ํ‘œ์ธต์— ๊ฐํ™” ์„ธํฌ๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, involucrin ์—ผ์ƒ‰์—์„œ๋„ ์–‘์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ผ์ฐจ์› ๋ฐฐ์–‘์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์ข…์–‘ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋ถ„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 4. Cytokeratin(CK) 13๊ณผ AE1/AE3์—๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฒ€์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ์‚ผ์ฐจ์› ์žฌ๊ฑด๋œ ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐœํ˜„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ข…์–‘์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒํ”ผ ๊ธฐ์›์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. CK8/18/19๋Š” ์ ์•กํ‘œํ”ผ์–‘์•”์ข…์œผ๋กœ ์ง„๋‹จ๋œ ์ƒ๊ฒ€์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ ์•ก์„ธํฌ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์•ฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ์™ธ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฒ€์˜ˆ์™€ ์‚ผ์ฐจ์› ๋ฐฐ์–‘๋œ ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์Œ์„ฑ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ œ 1 ํ˜• ๊ต์›์งˆ๊ณผ ์„ฌ์œ ๋ชจ์„ธํฌ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์ง„ํ”ผ ์œ ์‚ฌ์ฒด์ƒ์—์„œ ์ข…์–‘์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ air-liquid ์ ‘์ด‰๋ฉด์—์„œ ์‚ผ์ฐจ์› ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ์ƒ๊ฒ€์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์‚ผ์ฐจ์›์  ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํ‰๋ฉด ๋‹จ์ธต ๋ฐฐ์–‘์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ƒ์ฒด์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์ข…์–‘ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์นจ์œค์„ฑ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํ”ผ-๊ฒฐ์ฒด ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ, ์•” ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋“ฑ์— ์‘์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] Epithelial-mesenchymal interaction plays an important role in cell growth and differentiation. This interaction is already well known to have much importance during embriogenesis as well as carcinogenesis and cancer metastasis. However, in vitro experimental model is not well developed to reproduce in vivo cellular microenvironment which provides an epiethelial-mesenchymal interaction. Because conventional monolayer culture system lacks an epithelial-mensenchymal interaction, cultivated cells have morphologic, biochemical, and functional characteristics different from in vivo tissue. Moreover, it usually does not induce cellular differentiation due to submerged culture condition. The aims of this study were to develop an in vitro experimental model that maintains an epithelial-mesenchymal interaction by organotypic raft culture, and to characterize biologic properties of three-dimensionally cultured oral cancer cells by histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Furthermore, the role of fibroblast in the dermal equivalent was evaluated. The results were as follows; 1. Oral cancer cells reconstituted by three-dimensional organotypic culture revealed similar morphologic characteristics to equivalant biopsy specimens in the point that they show stratification, hyperchromatism, pleomorphism, and abnormal mitosis. 2. Both immortalized swiss 3T3 cells and primary cultured gingival fibroblasts in the dermal equivalent elicited the invasive property of the tumor cells. In the absence of fibroblast, the tumor cells did not infiltrated into the dermal equivalent 3. YD-15, -15M, -17, -17M showed surface keratinization and expression of involucrin, CK AW1/3 and CK13 suggesting that oragnotypic co-culture condition is able to induce cellular differentiation. However, this organotypic culture system fail to induce mucous or glandular differentiation. These results suggest that three-dimensional oragnotypic co-culture of the established cancer cell lines with the dermal equivalent consisting type I collagen and fibroblasts reproduce the morphologic and immunohistochemical characteristics similar to those in vivo condition. So this culture system seems to provide adequate microenvironment for in vitro tissue reconstitution compared with a conventional monolayer culture system for the study of cancer invasion, metastasis, epithelial-mensenchymal interaction, and development of novel cancer therapeutics.ope

    A Survey on the Folk Medicine in Farm Area of Korea

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    The Study was carried out during the 2 month period from November 1 through October 30 1962 for the purpose of grasping the status of folk medisine practice in the farm area of Kyunggi-do, The total 1230 households were interviewed to answer the questionaires regarding their illness and utilization of folk mederine. The following results were obtained: 1) The illnesses in which folk medisine was utilized so often were such as diseases of respiratory and digestive system, infectious and parasitic diseases. 2) The contents of folk medicine practice included various herbs, raw animal organs, and many unhygienic methods in terms of scientific medicine. 3) The most of the prersons utilized folk medicine did not utilized any medical facilities. 4) Average total sickness days per case was 26ยฑ 1 5 days and pre-treatment period prior to folk medicยท ine was 9 ยฑ 8 days. 5) The folk medicine was utilized more frequently in male than female; younger population than seniors; non than readers of newspaper. 6) The folk medicine was utilized more frequently in small-size farming households than large-one
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