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    A study on the risk factors of stillbirth in Korea

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    ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ํƒœ์•„๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์€ ์ฃผ์‚ฐ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ๋ง๊ณผ ์˜์•„์‚ฌ๋ง์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์•„๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•, ์„ฑ์ธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ๋„ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํƒœ์•„์˜ ์ƒ์กด์€ ๋ชจ์ฒด์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ, ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์œ„์ƒ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌํšŒโ€ค๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์—ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ž๋…€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ž๋…€ ์ถœ์‚ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋Š” ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ํก์—ฐ, ์Œ์ฃผ, ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋ณต์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ–‰๋™์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ํƒœ์•„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์œ„ํ•ด์š”์ธ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํƒœ์•„๊ธฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์‚ฐ์€ ์•„์ง ๊ทธ ์›์ธ์ด ์ž˜ ๋ฐํ˜€์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์‚ฐ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋“œ๋ฏ„ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ์‚ฐ์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์‚ฐ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๊ตฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” 1999โ€ค2000๋…„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ค‘ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‚ฐ์•„ ์ „์ˆ˜์™€ 1999๋…„๋„ ์ „์ฒด ์ถœ์ƒ์•„์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจ์˜ ์ž„์‹  ์ด์ „ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ์™€ ์‚ฌ์‚ฐ์•„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ์˜ ์ž„์‹ ์ „ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ฒ€์ง„ ์ž๋ฃŒ์™€ ์ถœ์ƒ์•„ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์‚ฐ์•„ ์ž๋ฃŒ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1. ์‚ฌ์‚ฐ์•„ ๋ถ„์œจ ๋‚จ์•„์˜ ์‚ฌ์‚ฐ์•„ ๋ถ„์œจ์ด ์—ฌ์•„์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ์žฌํƒœ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์งง์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ถœ์ƒ์ฒด์ค‘์ด ๋‚ฎ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹คํƒœ์•„์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‚ฌ์‚ฐ์•„ ๋ถ„์œจ์ด ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ชจ ์—ฐ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์‚ฐ์•„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ ์€ 10๋Œ€์™€ 35์„ธ ์ดํ›„์—์„œ ๋†’์•„ U์ž ๋ชจ์–‘์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์žฌํƒœ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์กฐ์‚ฐ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” 24๏ฝž27์ฃผ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‚ฌ์‚ฐ์•„ ๋ถ„์œจ์ด ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์žฌํƒœ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์งง์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ •์ƒ์ฒด์ค‘์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ๋„ ๋†’์€ ์‚ฌ์‚ฐ์œจ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจ ์—ฐ๋ น์ด 15๏ฝž19์„ธ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ถœ์ƒ์ฒด์ค‘๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์‚ฐ์•„๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์œจ์ด ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‹คํƒœ์•„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹จํƒœ์•„์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์‚ฐ๋ถ„์œจ์ด 4๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋‚˜ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ถœ์ƒ์ฒด์ค‘๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จํƒœ์•„์˜ ์‚ฌ์‚ฐ์œจ์ด ๋‹คํƒœ์•„๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. 2. ์‚ฌ์‚ฐ์•„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์ถœ์‚ฐ์•„์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์‚ฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์œ„ํ—˜์€ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ปธ๋‹ค. ์ถœ์ƒ์ฒด์ค‘์ด 1000g๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ถœ์ƒ์ฒด์ค‘ 3500๏ฝž3999g์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์‚ฐ์œ„ํ—˜์€ 999.9๋ฐฐ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์žฌํƒœ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ 24๏ฝž27์ฃผ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‚ฌ์‚ฐ์œ„ํ—˜์€ ์žฌํƒœ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ 37์ฃผ ์ด์ƒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด 999.9๋ฐฐ์˜€๋‹ค. 10๋Œ€ ๋ชจ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์‚ฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•„ 25๏ฝž29์„ธ ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 5๋ฐฐ์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 35๏ฝž39์„ธ 2.3๋ฐฐ, 40์„ธ์ด์ƒ ์—ฐ๋ น๊ตฐ์—์„œ 3.7๋ฐฐ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹จํƒœ์•„์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‹คํƒœ์•„์˜ ์‚ฌ์‚ฐ ์œ„ํ—˜์€ 4.8๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ชจ ์—ฐ๋ น๊ณผ ํƒœ์ˆ˜์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์‚ฐ ์œ„ํ—˜๋น„๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰๋ถ„์„๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ ์—ฐ๋ น 20์„ธ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‚ฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋†’์•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๋ น๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ ์—ฐ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์‚ฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋†’์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ 35์„ธ ์ด์ƒ ์ดˆ์‚ฐ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์‚ฐ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” 35์„ธ ์ด์ƒ ์ดˆ์‚ฐ๋ถ€์—์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์‚ฐ ์œ„ํ—˜์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํƒœ์ˆ˜์—์„œ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ต์ œํ•œ ํ›„์—๋Š” ๋‹คํƒœ์•„์˜ ์‚ฌ์‚ฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋‹จํƒœ์•„์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. 3. ๊ฒ€์ง„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์‚ฌ์‚ฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์œ„ํ—˜/ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น„๋งŒ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ 2๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ณดํ—˜๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ณต๋‹จ์—์„œ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ โ€œ์ฒด์ค‘์ง€ํ‘œ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋น„๋งŒ๋„โ€์—์„œ ๋น„๋งŒ๊ตฐ์ด ์ •์ƒ์ฒด์ค‘๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์‚ฐ์•„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด 70% ์ •๋„ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋น„๋งŒ์ง€ํ‘œ์ค‘ โ€œBMIโ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‚ฐ์œ„ํ—˜๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์–ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š” BMI๊ฐ€ ๋น„๋งŒ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ง€ํ‘œ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. 2๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์˜ ์ด์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ถ”ํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋‹ค. ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ ํ—ค๋ชจ๊ธ€๋กœ๋นˆ์ด ์ •์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€(80๏ฝž99 g/L)์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์‚ฐ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์ •์ƒ ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ตฐ(120๏ฝž139 g/L)์— ๋น„ํ•ด 3.1๋ฐฐ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ •์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์‚ฐ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋†’์•„์ ธ 140๏ฝž159g/L์—์„œ 1.3๋ฐฐ, 160g/L ์ด์ƒ์—์„œ 1.6๋ฐฐ์˜€๋‹ค. ์ •์ƒ ํ˜ˆ์••๊ตฐ(์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ธฐ 120 ์ดํ•˜, ์ด์™„๊ธฐ 80 ์ดํ•˜)์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’์€ ํ˜ˆ์••์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ โ€œ์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ธฐ 160 ์ด์ƒ, ํ™•์žฅ๊ธฐ 100 ์ด์ƒ ์—ฌ์„ฑโ€๊ณผ โ€œ์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ธฐ 180 ์ด์ƒ, ํ™•์žฅ๊ธฐ 110 ์ด์ƒ ์—ฌ์„ฑโ€์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์‚ฐ์•„ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 3.5๋ฐฐ, 4.8๋ฐฐ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ถœ์‚ฐ์ฒด์ค‘, ์žฌํƒœ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„(์ž„์‹ ์ฃผ์ˆ˜), ์„ฑ๋ณ„์ด ์‚ฌ์‚ฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์‚ฐ๋ถ„์œจ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ ์—ฐ๋ น๊ณผ, ํƒœ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰๋ถ„์„๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชจ ์—ฐ๋ น์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ 10๋Œ€์—์„œ ๋†’์•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ด์™ธ ์—ฐ๋ น๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๋‹ค. ํƒœ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹คํƒœ์•„์˜ ์‚ฌ์‚ฐ ์œ„ํ—˜๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ ธ ๋‹จ๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ถ”ํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] Fetal health not only affects perinatal and infant mortality, but also is profoundly associated with childhood health and lifestyle disease. It has been known that the survival of the fetus is influenced by health of the mother, the environmental hygiene and the socio-economic conditions of the community. Although the expectation of healthy birth has increased with the decreasing number of child per couple, the risk factor on the fetus has increased by environmental pollution and behavioral change such as cigarette smoking, drinking and drug abuse. In spite of the importance of the health of the fetus, the cause of stillbirth is still unknown and the study on the stillbirth is very rare in Korea. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to find out the pattern of stillbirth and to investigate the risk factors of stillbirth in Korea. The author has analyze the characteristics of the whole live birth of 1999 birth cohort and total stillbirth that occurred during 1999 and 2000 in Korea. In order to investigate the association between pre- pregnancy health and the occurrence of stillbirth, the health examination results of the mother before pregnancy was linked with the data of the stillbirth and was analyzed. The results of the study are as follows 1. Distribution of Stillbirth The percentage of stillbirth was higher among male fetuses than among female fetuses. Also, stillbirth rate was high among fetuses of short gestation period, lower birth weight, and multiple pregnancy. The distribution of stillbirth showed an U- shape by the age of the mother which was high among teen age group and 40 years of age or over. The stillbirth rate was high among the premature birth with gestation period of 24๏ฝž27 weeks. The rate was high among the short gestation period group even they belong to the normal birth weight category. For the mothers between 15๏ฝž19 years of age, the stillbirth rate was high in every birth weight category. Although the stillbirth rate was 4 times higher among multiple birth than single birth, the rate showed reverse pattern within the same birth weight strata. In fact, the stillbirth rate was high among the single birth if they belong to the same birth weight category.2. The Risk Factor of Stillbirth/The strongest relationship was observed between the birth weight and the risks of stillbirth, and it was discovered that the odds ratio was 999.9 among the less than 1,000g birth weight group compared to 3500๏ฝž3999g birth weight group. The risk of stillbirth for those with 24๏ฝž27 weeksope
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