42 research outputs found

    ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์ฒด ๋ฐ ์ „์‚ฌ์ฒด ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์˜ค์ด๋ชจ์ž์ดํฌ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ์ฃผ ์ธ์ž ๊ตฌ๋ช…

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ตญ์ œ๋†์—…๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ตญ์ œ๋†์—…๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•™๊ณผ,2019. 8. ์„œ์žฅ๊ท .Plant viruses are important pathogens that cause severe crop losses. The most efficient method to control viral diseases is currently to use virus resistant crops. In order to develop virus resistant crops, a detailed understanding of the molecular interactions between viral and host proteins is necessary. Recessive resistance to a pathogen can be conferred when plant genes essential in the life cycle of a pathogens are deficient. In this study, we aimed to identify and characterize host factors associated with cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) that causes severe damages in various crops. We utilized proteomic and transcriptomic approaches to identify the host factors. In the proteomic approach, three CMV proteins, 1a, 2a, and MP, were fused with the FLAG or HA tag and expressed in plant cells using CMV infectious cDNA constructs. Among the FLAG-tagged and HA-tagged constructs, the recombinant CMV clones carrying a FLAG-tag at the N-terminus of 2a and a HA-tag at the C-terminus of 1a were competent for replication. To identify 2a-interacting host proteins, Nicotiana benthamiana plants were inoculated with the recombinant CMV expressing the FLAG-tagged 2a. Crude extracts obtained from the systemically infected leaves were immunoprecipitated using anti-FLAG antibodies. The resulting product was subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) followed by liquid chromatography technique coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. This approach identified several putative 2a-interacting host proteins, including glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase-A (GAPDH-A) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A (eIF4A). To identify host genes associated with susceptibility to CMV, transcriptomic reprogramming upon CMV infection was analyzed by RNA sequencing. Comparative analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that various stress-related and hormone-related genes were transcriptionally regulated by CMV infection. Especially, DEGs related to ethylene biosynthesis and signaling were positively regulated. Indeed, ethylene production was increased upon CMV infection. Exogenous ethylene treatments of peppers infected with CMV resulted in increase of symptom severity and viral accumulation. In addition, RNA sequencing revealed that CMV infection caused down-regulation of cell cycle-associated genes, suggesting that cell division might be suppressed in the CMV-infected tissues. Therefore, we suggest that modulating hormone-related and cell cycle-related host genes by CMV infection might be correlated with the CMV-induced symptoms, such as mosaic, chlorosis, and stunting. Our approaches can provide new insights into understanding molecular interactions between host and viruses and underlying mechanisms of physiological changes upon viral infections.์‹๋ฌผ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ณ‘์€ ์ž‘๋ฌผ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰ ์†์‹ค์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ‘์›๊ท  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ, ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ด ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์•ฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๋ฐฉ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ณ‘์„ ๋ฐฉ์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ ํ’ˆ์ข…์„ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ ํ’ˆ์ข…์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์™€ ๊ธฐ์ฃผ ์‹๋ฌผ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์œ ์ „์ž์  ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์—ด์„ฑ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์€ ๋ณ‘์›์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‹๋ฌผ ์œ ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐํ•๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํš๋“๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์šฐ์„ฑ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋„“์€ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด ์ถœํ˜„์— ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์ด ์ƒ์‹ค๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ด์„ฑ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ „์  ์ž์›์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ณ ์ถ”์— ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…ํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์˜ค์ด๋ชจ์ž์ดํฌ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค (CMV)์™€ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ฃผ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” CMV์˜ ๊ธฐ์ฃผ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์ฒด ๋ฐ ์ „์‚ฌ์ฒด ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์ฒด ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋Š” CMV ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ฑ ํด๋ก ์— FLAG๊ณผ HA tag์„ ๋ถ™์—ฌ CO-IP์™€ LC-MS/MS๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ›„๋ณด ๊ธฐ์ฃผ ์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ ‘์ข… ํ›„ N.benthamiana์—์„œ ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ฑ์ด ์œ ์ง€๋œ FLAG-2a ํด๋ก ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Co-IP์™€ LC-MS/MS ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ›„๋ณด ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํ˜•๊ด‘ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉํ•œ 1a์™€ 2a ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด localization์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์—ฌ ํ›„๋ณด ์œ ์ „์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ถ”์—์„œ CMV ์ฆ์ƒ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๊ณผ์ • ๋™์•ˆ ์กฐ์ ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ฃผ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด RNA ์‹œํ€€์‹ฑ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. GO term๊ณผ KEGG pathway๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ DEG์˜ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๋ฐ˜์‘ ๊ด€๋ จ ์œ ์ „์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ๊ด€๋ จ ์œ ์ „์ž๋“ค์ด CMV์˜ ๊ฐ์—ผ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ์ค‘์—์„œ ํŠนํžˆ ์—ํ‹ธ๋ Œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ „๋‹ฌ ๊ด€๋ จ DEG๋“ค์ด CMV ๊ฐ์—ผ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒํ–ฅ ์กฐ์ ˆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ GC๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, CMV ๊ฐ์—ผ ์‹œ ์—ํ‹ธ๋ Œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์™ธ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์—ํ‹ธ๋ Œ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋†๋„์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ์‹ฌํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  CMV ์ถ•์ ๋Ÿ‰๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์„ธํฌ ๋ถ„์—ด ์กฐ์ ˆ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์œ ์ „์ž๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ•˜ํ–ฅ ์กฐ์ ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. CMV ๊ฐ์—ผ ์‹œ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ๊ณผ ์„ธํฌ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ์ฃผ ์œ ์ „์ž๋“ค์ด ์กฐ์ ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ CMV์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ mosaic, chlorosis, stunting ์ฆ์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์˜ค์ด๋ชจ์ž์ดํฌ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ์ฆ์‹์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ฃผ ์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ด์„ฑ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ ์ž‘๋ฌผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์œ ์ „์  ์ž์›์ด ํ™•๋ณด๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ ค๋œ๋‹ค.Introduction 1 Materials and Methods 5 1. Plant growth and inoculation 5 2. Tagging CMV genes by engineering infectious cDNA clones 5 3. RNA extraction and RT-PCR 6 4. SDS-PAGE and Western blot 7 5. Immunoprecipitation and LC-MS/MS analysis 7 6. Subcellular localization 8 7. RNA sequencing 9 8. Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) 9 9. Gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis 10 10. KEGG Pathway enrichment analysis 10 11. Ethylene measurement 10 12. Exogenous ethylene treatment to peppers 11 Results 12 1. pCMV-FLAG:2a cDNA infectious clone is competent for CMV replication 12 2. Subcellular localization of CMV 1a and 2a in N. benthamiana leaf cells 15 3. Candidate host factors interacting with CMV viral protein 2a were found by using Co-IP and LC-MS/MS 18 4. Analysis of Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to CMV and/or BBWV2 infection 20 5. Gene ontology (GO) terms and enrichment analysis of identified DEGs upon CMV 31 6. Important KEGG pathways influenced by CMV infection 39 7. Ethylene production by pepper leaves following CMV infection 45 8. Exogenous ethylene treatment to CMV infected peppers affects symptom development and viral accumulation 45 Discussion 49 References 55 Abstract in Korean 63Maste

    Goal Orientation and Leaders Empowering Behavior : Mediating Effect of Trust

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2014. 8. ์œค์„ํ™”.Organizational scholars and practitioners have growingly paid attention to the topic of empowerment, and empowering leadership has been considered one of the most important ways to empower employees at work. Although many organizational studies have investigated the effect of leaders empowering behavior on employees attitudes and behavior, few studies on the factors that affect leaders empowering behavior have been conducted, despite its importance in empowering leadership literature. In this regard, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the antecedents of leaders empowering behavior. Specifically, this study examined the role of subordinates goal orientation in leaders empowering determination. According to the situational leadership theories, follower characteristics may play a central and active role in leadership effectiveness. Moreover, since goal orientation is theoretically related to attitudes in achievement situation, it may be an important factor to perform empowered task. Therefore, this study investigated followers goal orientation as an antecedent of empowering behavior. The present study also investigated the mediating effect of trust on the relationship between subordinates goal orientation and leaders empowering behavior. Since empowering behavior entails uncertainty and risks, from the leaders perspective, their trust in followers would be critical in showing empowering behavior. This study examined how differently leaders develop trust in followers according to followers goal orientation and the effect of trust on leaders empowering behavior. Furthermore, considering that empowered employees are more likely to feel encouraged to challenge the existing ways to improve work efficiency, this study examined the effect of leaders empowering behavior on employee proactive behaviors. Analysis of field data from 169 leader-follower dyad revealed that subordinates learning goal orientation was positively related to leaders empowering behavior. However, the relationships between performance goal orientations (i.e., performance prove goal orientation and performance avoid goal orientation) and leaders empowering behavior were not significant. Subordinates learning goal orientation was positively related to leaders trust in followers when trust was measured by subordinates. The mediating effect of leaders trust in followers on the link between learning goal orientation and leaders empowering behavior was also supported. However, when trust was measured by leader, the relationship between learning goal orientation and leader's trust was not supported. One interesting founding was that the correlation of two trust variables (i.e., measured by leaders vs. subordinates) was insignificant. Regarding this trust perception gap, I additionally conducted posteriori interview employees of the organization where survey was conducted to find out underlying reasons. The most frequent answers for the question about trust perception gap were hierarchical organizational culture and the lack of communication. Since two performance goal orientations were not significantly correlated to leaders trust, the mediating hypotheses of leaders trust on the link between two performance goal orientations and leaders empowering were not supported. Analysis for the effect of leaders empowering on employees proactive behaviors, such as personal initiative, taking charge, and creativity was conducted. The beta coefficients of leaders empowering on personal initiative and taking charge were positive but insignificant. However, leaders empowering was positively related to employees creativity. By investigating the role of goal orientation and trust in determining leaders empowering behavior, this study contributes to integrating goal orientation literature, trust literature, and empowering leadership literature. In addition, practical implications, such as selection of learning goal oriented employees and training of empowering leadership are suggested.I. INTRODUCTION II. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 2.1. Leadership 2.2. Empowering Leadership 2.3. Goal Orientation 2.4. Trust 2.5. Proactive Behavior III. HYPOTHESES DEVELOPMENT 3.1. Goal Orientation and Leader's Trust in Subordinate 3.2. Leader's Trust in Subordinate and Empowering Behavior 3.3. Mediating Effects of Leader's Trust in Subordinate 3.4. Leaders Empowering Behavior and Proactive Behavior IV. METHOD 4.1. Participants and Procedure 4.2. Measures 4.3. Analytical Strategy V. RESULTS 5.1. Validity and Reliability Analyses 5.2. Confirmatory Factor Analyses 5.3. Descriptive Statistics 5.4. Hypotheses Testing 5.5. Additional Analysis VI. DISCUSSION 6.1. Summary of findings 6.2. Theoretical Implication 6.3. Practical Implication 6.4. Limitation and Future Research 6.5. Conclusion VII. REFERENCESMaste

    ๊ณต์ฃผ์‹œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ํšํ•™๊ณผ,2019. 8. ์ „์ƒ์ธ์ •ํ˜„์ฃผ๋ฐ•์ธ๊ถŒ.This study strives to clarify the mechanism of mobilities constraint encountered by married migrant women and what are the negotiations and solutions, mainly through case studying Gongju-si. In the perspective of urban and regional planning, mobilities constraints problem, which residents of so-called peripheral region experience, has been considered the problem rooted from geographical access and at the same time of unbalanced regional development. Hence, it has long been believed that expanding infrastructure is the only solution in Korea. However, this study suggests that improvement on spatial structure in macroscopic scale cannot always guarantee the improvement of individual mobility. Thus, this study identifies the mechanism of mobilities constraint by actively examining the space and the social relations jointed to the space. The purpose of this study is to try understanding to understand the reality of marriage migrant women through the notion of 'Mobilities as Capabilities'. 'Mobilities as Capabilities' is a joint approach between John Urry's 'New Mobilities Paradigm' and Amartya Sen's 'Capabilities Approach', and is useful in for two aspects. First, 'Mobilities as Capabilities' approach claims that the individual freedom should be expanded, and thereby makes it possible to examine mobility as a freedom to achieve the doings and beings that individual wants. Second, 'Mobilities as Capabilities' approach makes it easy to apply the elements of 'New Mobilities Paradigm', which is often macroscopic and vague, to the individuals in microscopic scale. The result of analysis is as follows. Marriage Migrant Women, the object of this study, who had practiced a transnational migration thanks to the development of traffic and communication technology but they are in the situation of mobilities constraint since the arrival in Korea. First, in the first level of 'Mobilities as Capabilities' suggested by the author, marriage migrant women as Others in gender, race and class, are stuck limited in dual mobilities constraint of spatial environment and gendered social relations. Specifically, the four problems of spatial environment, the form of local road, the lack of motorcycle road, limited bus service time, seasonality and another four problems of from gendered social relations such as maternity practice, restraint and confinement, mothering practice, domestic labor contributes to their mobilities constraint. Second, in the second level of 'Mobilities as Capabilities' mechanism, the two problems of spatial environment(the form of local road, the lack of motorcycle road) and another two problems of gendered social relations(maternity practice, restraint and confinement) reduce the spatial accessibility of married migrant women. As a result, they go through the problem of 'limitation of mobility within the town' by only moving in short time, short distance within eup, the town. As they get isolated from external resources, information and network, this also results in 'additional mobility constraint'. Moreover, their time sovereignty has violated with the two problems of spatial environment (limited bus service time, seasonality) and another two problems of gendered social relations (mothering practice, domestic labor). Thus, those marriage migrant women were facing hard time compromising many schedules at the same time, and the phenomenon of 'dependence on spouse's schedule' took place as a result. It was analyzed that they lack time resources and control on time, and show 'uncertainty of future plan'. However, this study not only analyzes mobilities constraint of marriage migrant women, but also through the case studies on how they overcome the constraint, and thereby highlights them as active subjects. The capacity of marriage migrant women invigorated by negotiating and making strategies from the reality they face. They, for the 'functionings', the doings and beings they want, utilized 'Mobilities as Capabilities', and improved their life. In this study, the author introduces the narratives of three women; they respectively seek functionings of 'being a big owner', 'life improving', 'making town that all lives together', strengthened their own 'Mobilities as Capabilities'. The implication of this study is as follows. First, this study enabled the study in a microscopic scale by bridging elements of mobilities theory and capabilities approach. Through the notion of 'Mobilities as Capabilities', this study defined mobility is freedom that enables individual to achieve the life they want. Thus the expansion of mobility means expansion of individual freedom, and this can function as alternative perspect to evaluate regional development and mobility infrastructure. Second, this study reassures that gender perspective is useful on evaluating urban and regional planning, and thereby necessary. This study emphasizes that urban and regional planning requires more than just improvement on physical infrastructure. Finally, this study points out that many national surveys and studies on marriage migrant women lacks the perspective on mobility. However, this study identified through 'Mobilities as Capabilities' that mobility is a freedom and the right to be reserved, and thereby requires policy-level attention. keywords : Mobilities, New Mobilities Paradigm, Mobilities as Capabilities, Capability Approach, Marriage Migrant Women, Feminization of migration๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณต์ฃผ์‹œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์ด๋ฏผ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์ฒ˜ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋นŒ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์Šค ์ œ์•ฝ๊ณผ ๊ทน๋ณต์˜ ๋งค์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋„์‹œ ๋ฐ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ณ„ํš์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ง€์—ญ, ํŠนํžˆ ์๋ฉด๋ถ€์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ์†Œ์œ„ ์ฃผ๋ณ€๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋นŒ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์Šค ์ œ์•ฝ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฆฌ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ์ง€์—ญ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜• ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์œ ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋ถ€๋˜์–ด ์™”๊ณ , ์ด์— ์ธํ”„๋ผ ํ™•์ถฉ ๋“ฑ์ด ํ•ด๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ๋ฏธ์‹œ์  ์ฐจ์›์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ด๋™์„ฑ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ๋‹ด๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ, ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋“ค์„ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋นŒ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์Šค ์ œ์•ฝ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋งค์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 'ํ† ๋Œ€์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋นŒ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์Šค' ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์ด๋ฏผ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 'ํ† ๋Œ€์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋นŒ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์Šค'๋Š” John Urry์˜ '๋‰ด ๋ชจ๋นŒ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์Šค ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„(New Mobilities Paradigm)'๊ณผ Amartya Sen์˜ 'ํ† ๋Œ€์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ์ ‘๊ทผ'(Capabilities Approach)์„ ์ ‘๋ชฉ์‹œํ‚จ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ, ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ ํ† ๋Œ€์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋นŒ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์Šค ์ ‘๊ทผ์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ž์œ ๊ฐ€ ํ™•์žฅ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋…ผํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ, ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ถ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์„ฑ์ทจํ•  ์ž์œ ๋กœ์„œ ์ด๋™์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ ํ† ๋Œ€์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋นŒ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์Šค ์ ‘๊ทผ์€ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•œ ๋ชจ๋นŒ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์Šค ์ด๋ก ์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ๋ฏธ์‹œ์  ์ฐจ์›์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์ธ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์ด๋ฏผ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ๊ตํ†ต ๋ฐ ํ†ต์‹  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์— ํž˜์ž…์–ด ์›๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์  ์ด์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ํ•œ๊ตญ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•œ ์ดํ›„๋กœ๋Š” ์ด๋™์˜ ์ œ์•ฝ์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ 'ํ† ๋Œ€์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋นŒ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์Šค'๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ 1 ์ธต์œ„์—์„œ, ์  ๋”โ€ง์ธ์ข…โ€ง๊ณ„์ธต์  ํƒ€์ž์ธ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์ด๋ฏผ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์  ๋”ํ™”๋œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ผ๋Š” ์ด์ค‘์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋นŒ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์Šค ์ œ์•ฝ์— ๊ฐ‡ํ˜€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋„์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœโ€ง์ด๋ฅœ์ฐจ ๋„๋กœ์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌโ€ง์ œํ•œ๋œ ๋ฒ„์Šค ์šดํ–‰ ์‹œ๊ฐ„โ€ง๊ณ„์ ˆ์  ์š”์ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ƒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€, ๋ชจ์„ฑ ์‹ค์ฒœโ€ง๊ตฌ์† ๋ฐ ๊ฐ๊ธˆโ€ง์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์—ญํ• ์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœโ€ง๊ฐ€์‚ฌ ๋…ธ๋™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์  ๋”ํ™”๋œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์ƒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ œ 2์ธต์œ„์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ค‘ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋„์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœโ€ง์ด๋ฅœ์ฐจ ๋„๋กœ์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ์™€ ์  ๋”ํ™”๋œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์ค‘ ๋ชจ์„ฑ ์‹ค์ฒœโ€ง๊ตฌ์† ๋ฐ ๊ฐ๊ธˆ์€ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์ด๋ฏผ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์„ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ด๋“ค์€ ์๋‚ด์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋‹จ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ๋‹จ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ด๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” '์ด๋™์˜ ์๋‚ด ์ œํ•œ', ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ ์ฐจ ์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ์ž์›, ์ •๋ณด ๋ฐ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์—์„œ ์œ ๋ฆฌ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ '์ถ”๊ฐ€์  ์ด๋™ ์ œํ•œ'์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ค‘ ์ œํ•œ๋œ ๋ฒ„์Šค ์šดํ–‰ ์‹œ๊ฐ„โ€ง๊ณ„์ ˆ์  ์š”์ธ, ์  ๋”ํ™”๋œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์ค‘ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์—ญํ• ์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœโ€ง๊ฐ€์‚ฌ ๋…ธ๋™์€ ์ด๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฃผ๊ถŒ์„ฑ์„ ๋นผ์•—๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ด๋“ค์€ ์ œํ•œ๋œ ๋ฒ„์Šค ์šดํ–‰ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ผ์ •์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์กฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด '๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์˜์กด'์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ž์›์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต์ œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ด ์—†์–ด '๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๊ณ„ํš์˜ ๋ถˆํ™•์ •์„ฑ'์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์ด๋ฏผ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชจ๋นŒ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์Šค ์ œ์•ฝ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ทธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์ด๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ์ผ€์ด์Šค ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์ด๋“ค์„ ๋Šฅ๋™์  ์ฃผ์ฒด๋กœ ๋ถ€๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์ด๋ฏผ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ํ˜„์‹ค๊ณผ ์ „๋žต ๋ฐ ํ˜‘์ƒ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋“ญํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชจ๋นŒ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์Šค ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์„ฑ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์‚ถ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต, ์ฆ‰ '๊ธฐ๋Šฅ(functionings)์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ 'ํ† ๋Œ€์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋นŒ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์Šค'๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์ฒ™ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ๊ณ ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ 'ํฐ ์‚ฌ์žฅ ๋˜๊ธฐ', '๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ถ' '๋‹ค๊ฐ™์ด ์ž˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋งˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ'๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ 'ํ† ๋Œ€์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋นŒ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์Šค'๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•จ์˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ชจ๋นŒ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์Šค ์ด๋ก ์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ํ† ๋Œ€์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ์ ‘๊ทผ๊ณผ ์ ‘๋ชฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏธ์‹œ์  ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ผ€ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 'ํ† ๋Œ€์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋นŒ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์Šค'๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋™์ด ๊ณง ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ถ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์„ฑ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์œ ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋™์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ž์œ ์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ฐ ์ด๋™์„ฑ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์  ๋” ๊ด€์ ์ด ๋„์‹œโ€ง์ง€์—ญ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์žฌํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋Š” ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋„์‹œโ€ง์ง€์—ญ ๊ณ„ํš์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ•˜๋ถ€๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„  ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์„ธ์‹ฌํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋จ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์ด๋ฏผ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์  ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋™์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ† ๋Œ€์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋นŒ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์Šค ๊ด€์ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋™์ด ์ž์œ ์ด์ž ๋ณด์žฅ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์  ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.๋ชฉ ์ฐจ โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 4 โ…ก. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ํ‹€ 12 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๋‰ด ๋ชจ๋นŒ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์Šค ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„๊ณผ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ๋ชจ๋นŒ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ 12 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๊ตํ†ต ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ์˜ ์  ๋” ๋ฌธ์ œ 17 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์„ผ(Sen)์˜ ํ† ๋Œ€์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ์ ‘๊ทผ 19 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋น„ํŒ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ํ‹€ ์ œ์‹œ 27 โ…ข. ๋ชจ๋นŒ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์Šค ์ œ์•ฝ ์ œ 1์ธต์œ„: ์‚ฌํšŒโ€งํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ 32 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ ์ œ์•ฝ 33 1. ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ 34 (1) ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋„์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ 34 (2) ์ด๋ฅœ์ฐจ ๋„๋กœ์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ 34 2. ์  ๋”ํ™”๋œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 38 (1) ๋ชจ์„ฑ ์‹ค์ฒœ 38 (2) ๊ตฌ์† ๋ฐ ๊ฐ๊ธˆ 42 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฃผ๊ถŒ์„ฑ ์ œ์•ฝ 46 1. ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ 46 (1) ์ œํ•œ๋œ ๋ฒ„์Šค ์šดํ–‰ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ 46 (2) ๊ณ„์ ˆ์  ์š”์ธ 50 2. ์  ๋”ํ™”๋œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 54 (1) ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์—ญํ• ์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ 54 (2) ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ ๋…ธ๋™ 58 IV. ๋ชจ๋นŒ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์Šค ์ œ์•ฝ ์ œ 2์ธต์œ„: ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ 63 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ ์ œ์•ฝ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 63 1. ์ด๋™์˜ ์๋‚ด ์ œํ•œ 63 2. ์ถ”๊ฐ€์  ์ด๋™ ์ œํ•œ 67 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฃผ๊ถŒ์„ฑ ์ œ์•ฝ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 72 1. ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์˜์กด 72 2. ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๊ณ„ํš์˜ ๋ถˆํ™•์ •์„ฑ 74 V. ๋ชจ๋นŒ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์Šค ์ œ์•ฝ์˜ ๊ทน๋ณต ์ „๋žต ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 77 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ ์ด๋™ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ: ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž R 77 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ๋‚ด๊ธฐ(voicing): ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž J 89 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๋งˆ์„ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ: ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž V 99 VI. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  110 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ํ•จ์˜ 110 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 112 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 114 Abstract 120Maste

    Protection from hemolytic uremic syndrome by eyedrop vaccination with modified enterohemorrhagic E. coli outer membrane vesicles

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    We investigated whether eyedrop vaccination using modified outer membrane vesicles (mOMVs) is effective for protecting against hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) caused by enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection. Modified OMVs and waaJ-mOMVs were prepared from cultures of MsbB- and Shiga toxin A subunit (STxA)-deficient EHEC O157:H7 bacteria with or without an additional waaJ mutation. BALB/c mice were immunized by eyedrop mOMVs, waaJ-mOMVs, and mOMVs plus polymyxin B (PMB). Mice were boosted at 2 weeks, and challenged peritoneally with wild-type OMVs (wtOMVs) at 4 weeks. As parameters for evaluation of the OMV-mediated immune protection, serum and mucosal immunoglobulins, body weight change and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/Creatinin (Cr) were tested, as well as histopathology of renal tissue. In order to confirm the safety of mOMVs for eyedrop use, body weight and ocular histopathological changes were monitored in mice. Modified OMVs having penta-acylated lipid A moiety did not contain STxA subunit proteins but retained non-toxic Shiga toxin B (STxB) subunit. Removal of the polymeric O-antigen of O157 LPS was confirmed in waaJ-mOMVs. The mice group vaccinated with mOMVs elicited greater humoral and mucosal immune responses than did the waaJ-mOMVs and PBS-treated groups. Eyedrop vaccination of mOMVs plus PMB reduced the level of humoral and mucosal immune responses, suggesting that intact O157 LPS antigen can be a critical component for enhancing the immunogenicity of the mOMVs. After challenge, mice vaccinated with mOMVs were protected from a lethal dose of wtOMVs administered intraperitoneally, conversely mice in the PBS control group were not. Collectively, for the first time, EHEC O157-derived mOMV eyedrop vaccine was experimentally evaluated as an efficient and safe means of vaccine development against EHEC O157:H7 infection-associated HUS.ope

    Inactivated Eyedrop Influenza Vaccine Adjuvanted with Poly(I:C) Is Safe and Effective for Inducing Protective Systemic and Mucosal Immunity

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    The eye route has been evaluated as an efficient vaccine delivery routes. However, in order to induce sufficient antibody production with inactivated vaccine, testing of the safety and efficacy of the use of inactivated antigen plus adjuvant is needed. Here, we assessed various types of adjuvants in eyedrop as an anti-influenza serum and mucosal Ab production-enhancer in BALB/c mice. Among the adjuvants, poly (I:C) showed as much enhancement in antigen-specific serum IgG and mucosal IgA antibody production as cholera toxin (CT) after vaccinations with trivalent hemagglutinin-subunits or split H1N1 vaccine antigen in mice. Vaccination with split H1N1 eyedrop vaccine antigen plus poly(I:C) showed a similar or slightly lower efficacy in inducing antibody production than intranasal vaccination; the eyedrop vaccine-induced immunity was enough to protect mice from lethal homologous influenza A/California/04/09 (H1N1) virus challenge. Additionally, ocular inoculation with poly(I:C) plus vaccine antigen generated no signs of inflammation within 24 hours: no increases in the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines nor in the infiltration of mononuclear cells to administration sites. In contrast, CT administration induced increased expression of IL-6 cytokine mRNA and mononuclear cell infiltration in the conjunctiva within 24 hours of vaccination. Moreover, inoculated visualizing materials by eyedrop did not contaminate the surface of the olfactory bulb in mice; meanwhile, intranasally administered materials defiled the surface of the brain. On the basis of these findings, we propose that the use of eyedrop inactivated influenza vaccine plus poly(I:C) is a safe and effective mucosal vaccine strategy for inducing protective anti-influenza immunity.ope

    -็š‡ๅคชๅญๅฆƒ์˜ ๏ฅงๅœจ์™€ ๅคš็š‡ๅŽ ํ˜„์ƒ์˜ ๅ‡บ็พ-

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋™์–‘์‚ฌํ•™๊ณผ, 2012. 2. ๋ฐ•ํ•œ์ œ.ไบ”่ƒกๅ๏ง‘ๅœ‹-ๅŒ—ๆœ์‹œ๊ธฐ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€์กฑ๊ณผ ์„ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฒจ๋ฃจ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋™๋งน์„ ๋งบ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋Š” ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๋งค๊ฐœ์ฒด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์กฑ์žฅ์˜ ๋”ธ์€ ํ™”์นœ์„ ๋งบ๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋“ค์€ ํ†ตํ˜ผํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ๅŽๅฆƒ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ๋ณธ๊ตญ์„ ๋Œ€๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ†ตํ˜ผ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ถ€์นจ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณง ๅŽๅฆƒๅˆถๅบฆ์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฐ„์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ๊ณ ์—์„œ๋Š” ไบ”่ƒกๅ๏ง‘ๅœ‹-ๅŒ—ๆœ์˜ ๅŽๅฆƒๅˆถๅบฆ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์ค‘์›์— ๋“ค์–ด์˜จ ่ƒกๆ—๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ค‘์› ์™•์กฐ์˜ ์ฒด์ œ์™€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ๊ณ ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด ๅŒ—้ญ์˜ ็š‡ๅคชๅญๅฆƒ ๏ฅงๅœจ ๋ฐ ๅŒ—ๆœ์˜ ๅคš็š‡ๅŽ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๅŽๅฆƒๅˆถๅบฆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ™ฉ์‹ค์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํญ์„ ๋„“ํ˜€ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ไบ”่ƒกๅ๏ง‘ๅœ‹์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ่ƒกๆ— ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ†ตํ˜ผ์€ ้š‹๊ฐ€ ํ†ต์ผํ•  ๋•Œ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ไบ”่ƒกๆ—์€ ้ƒจ่ฝ, ็Ž‹ๅœ‹, ็š‡ๅธๅœ‹, ๅฏๆฑ—ๅœ‹์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ˜ผ์žฌํ•œ ์ฑ„ ํ˜ผ์ธ ๋™๋งน์„ ๋งบ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ์˜ ํ†ตํ˜ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ค‘์›์™•์กฐ์™€ ๅฏๆฑ—ๅœ‹์ด ๋งบ๋Š” ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ†ตํ˜ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ†ตํ˜ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•„์ž๋Š” ์ด ๋‹น์‹œ ํ†ตํ˜ผํ•˜๋Š” ๅ…ฌไธป๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ้„ฐๅ’Œๅ…ฌไธป๋ผ ๋ช…๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ํ†ตํ˜ผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๅŽๅฆƒ์˜ ์ง€์œ„๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด ์ง€์œ„๋Š” ๋ณด์žฅ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋“ค์ด ํ†ตํ˜ผํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์นœ์ •์„ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ชจ๊ณ„๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๅŒ—้ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๅญ่ฒดๆฏๆญป ๋ผ๋Š” ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ๅŽๅฆƒๅˆถๅบฆ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ๅญ่ฒดๆฏๆญป์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ็š‡ๅคชๅญๅฆƒ์˜ ์กด์žฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๅŒ—้ญ์—๋Š” ็š‡ๅคชๅญๅฆƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ด ์—†๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๅ—ๆœ์—์„œ ็š‡ๅคชๅญ ์ฑ…๋ด‰๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ็š‡ๅคชๅญๅฆƒ๋ฅผ ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ํŒ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๅŒ—้ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๅญ่ฒดๆฏๆญป ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ็š‡ๅคชๅญๅฆƒ์˜ ์ฑ…๋ด‰์ด ๋”ฐ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ็š‡ๅคชๅญๅฆƒ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•ด ํ›„๊ณ„์ž๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๅญ่ฒดๆฏๆญป์ œ๋„์— ์˜๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ็š‡ๅคชๅญๅฆƒ๋ฅผ ํฌ์ƒ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๅŒ—้ญ ํ™ฉ์‹ค์—์„œ๋Š” ๆ—ฉๅฉšํ•˜์—ฌ ้•ทๅญ๋ฅผ ํ›„๊ณ„์ž๋กœ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์›์น™์œผ๋กœ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ็š‡ๅคชๅญๅฆƒ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์›Œ ๅซกๅญ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๅŒ—้ญ ็š‡ๅŽ์˜ ์ถœ์‹  ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ํŠน์ดํ•œ ์ ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ถ์œ„ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ็š‡ๅŽ๋ฅผ ๏จ‰่ƒก์ง‘๋‹จ ์ถœ์‹ ์—์„œ ๋ฝ‘์•„ ์ฑ…๋ด‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค‘๊ธฐ ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์— ์ •๋ฆฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์ œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋‚ด์ ์ธ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๏จ‰่ƒก ์ถœ์‹ ์˜ ็š‡ๅŽ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ่ƒกๆ— ์ถœ์‹ ์˜ ็š‡ๅŽ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šด๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ่ƒกๆ— ์ถœ์‹ ์˜ ํ™ฉํ›„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ง‘ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณ ์˜์„ฑ์€ ๅญๆ–‡ๅธ๊ฐ€ ๆผขๅŒ–ๆ”ฟ็ญ–์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๆผขๆ—๊ณผ์˜ ํ†ตํ˜ผ์—์„œ๋„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๅญๆ–‡ๅธ๋Š” ๅง“ๆ—่ฉณๅฎš์„ ๋‹จํ–‰ํ•œ ์ด๋ž˜ ้ฎฎๅ‘ 8ๅง“๊ณผ ๆผขๆ— ้ซ˜้–€ 4ๅง“๊ณผ์˜ ํ˜ผ์ธ์„ ์žฅ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ๋„ ์—ญ์‹œ ๆผขๆ— ้ซ˜้–€ ์ถœ์‹ ์ธ ๅพŒๅฎฎ์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ช… ๋งž์ดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๅญๆ–‡ๅธ ์ดํ›„์˜ ํ™ฉ์ œ๋“ค๋„ ๆผขๆ— ้ซ˜้–€ ์ถœ์‹ ์„ ๅพŒๅฎฎ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์˜€์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ็š‡ๅŽ๋กœ ์„ธ์šฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๅ…ฌไธป๋‚˜ ๅฎ—ๅฎค๋„ ๆผขๆ—๊ณผ ํ˜ผ์ธํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋•Œ์— ๅฎ—ๅฎค๊ณผ ํ˜ผ์ธํ•œ ๆผขๆ— ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ็Ž‹ๅฆƒ์˜ ์นญํ˜ธ๋Š” ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๆผขๆ— ์ถœ์‹  ํ™ฉํ›„๋ฅผ ๊บผ๋ คํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๅŒ—้ญ ํ™ฉ์ œ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๆผขๆ—ๅŒ–๋˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ˜ˆํ†ต์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ฒ˜์‚ฌ๋ผ ์ถ”์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๅญ่ฒดๆฏๆญป์ œ๋„๋กœ ํฌ์ƒ๋œ ๅŒ—้ญ ํ™ฉ์ œ์˜ ์ƒ๋ชจ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๆผขๆ—์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๅŒ—้ญ ํ™ฉ์ œ๋“ค์€ ํ˜ˆํ†ต์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ่ƒกๆ—๊ณผ ์ ์ฐจ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ่ƒกๆผข์„ ์œตํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ่ƒกๆ— ์ถœ์‹ ์˜ ็š‡ๅŽ๊ฐ€ ๋” ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ่ฑชๆ— ์ถœ์‹ ์˜ ํ™ฉํ›„๋ฅผ ๋” ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ๅŒ—้ฝŠ์—์„œ ๋” ํ™•์—ฐํ•˜๋‹ค. ไบ”่ƒกๅ๏ง‘ๅœ‹-ๅŒ—ๆœ์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜ ๅŽๅฆƒๅˆถๅบฆ ์ค‘ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๅคš็š‡ๅŽ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์˜ ็š‡ๅŽ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ไบ”่ƒกๅ๏ง‘ๅœ‹์‹œ๊ธฐ ๅ‰่ถ™ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๅŒ—ๆœ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๅŒ—้ฝŠ์™€ ๅŒ—ๅ‘จ์—์„œ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์„ธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ด๋…์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๅคš็š‡ๅŽ๋ฅผ ๋งž์ดํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์ •์น˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๅคš็š‡ๅŽ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์›Œ ๅคš้ ญๆ”ฟๆฒป๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๅŒ—ๅ‘จ ๅฎฃๅธ๋Š” ์ฆ‰์œ„ ์งํ›„์— ๅฎ—ๅฎค ่ซธ็Ž‹์„ ์ˆ™์ฒญํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ณต์œผ๋กœ ๆฅŠ็š‡ๅŽ์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์ธ ๆฅŠๅ …์„ ์„ ํƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๆฅŠๅ …์ด ๋…์ฃผํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๅคš็š‡ๅŽ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๅฐ‰้ฒ้€ˆ์˜ ์†๋…€๋ฅผ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ็š‡ๅŽ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•œ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๋งž์ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๅธ้ฆฌๆถˆ้›ฃ์˜ ๋”ธ์„ ้œๅธ์˜ ็š‡ๅŽ๋กœ ์„ธ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๆฅŠๅ …์„ ๊ฒฌ์ œํ•œ๋ฐ์„œ ์—ฐ์œ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๅฎฃๅธ๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์€ ์งํ›„ ๅฐ‰้ฒ้€ˆ๊ณผ ๅธ้ฆฌๆถˆ้›ฃ์ด ์—ฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๆฅŠๅ …๊ณผ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด ๅฎฃๅธ๊ฐ€ ๅคš็š‡ๅŽ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์›Œ ๅคš้ ญๆ”ฟๆฒป๋ฅผ ๊พ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋” ํ™•์‹คํ•ด ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ไบ”่ƒกๅ๏ง‘ๅœ‹ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋™๋งน ์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์นœ์ •์„ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๅŽๅฆƒ์˜ ๋“์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ•ด์ง€์ž ๅŒ—้ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์™ธ์ฒ™์„ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๅญ่ฒดๆฏๆญป์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ็š‡ๅคชๅญๅฆƒ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‘์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ๅŒ—้ญ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์„œ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์ค‘๊ตญ์— ์ •์ฐฉํ•œ ่ƒกๆ— ์ถœ์‹  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜€๋˜ ๅŒ—ๅ‘จ์™€ ๅŒ—้ฝŠ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๅŒ—้ญ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์™ธ์ฒ™์„ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐฐ์ฒ™ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ณ  ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๅคš็š‡ๅŽ๋ฅผ ๋‘์–ด ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ ค ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ่ƒกๆ—์ด ์ค‘๊ตญ์— ์ง„์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ็š‡ๅคชๅญๅฆƒ๋ฅผ ๏ฅงๅœจ์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ็š‡ๅŽ๋ฅผ ่ค‡ๆ•ธ๋กœ ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๆผขๆ— ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์„์— ์˜๊ฑฐํ•˜๋ฉด ่ƒกๆ—็š„์ธ ํŠน์ง•์œผ๋กœ ๋‚™ํ›„๋œ ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์—ญ์‹œ ่ƒกๆผข์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•œ ๋…ํŠนํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋งž๋Š” ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์„ ํƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.Maste

    ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ณด๊ฑด๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™ ์ „๊ณต, 2016. 2. ์กฐ์„ฑ์ผ.Introduction : During the pandemic, like influenza, ebola and MERS, people experience a temporary crisis. Preparing for infectious disease, taking the rapid measure and response system is important. But equally important thing is community reciprocity and trust. Community reciprocity and trust defined as community collective efficacy which is the shared belief in the ability of a group to address problems when it acts conjointly. Collective efficacy strongly influences collective action because it can help determine whether and how the capability of ones group might influence the behaviors of an individual. In community settings, collective efficacy is the belief held by community members is helpful for achieving infectious disease preparedness. So, proper scale and exact measurement in collective efficacy research can add depth in research, also, derives multi-dimensional results. Therefore, development of valid tool reliable in collective level is very necessary and significant. The purpose of this study was to measure group efficacy on infectious disease prevention, verify structural model, and suggest validity and reliability. Methods : After development of questionnaire, reliability and validity was assessed. In this study, validity confirmed by content validity, construct validity and criterion validity. Also reliability identified by test-retest and Cronbachs ฮฑ coefficient. A pilot study was conducted with a sample of 250 who live in Seoul and Chung-Nam, Korea. Result : Test-retest reliability value was 0.71 to 0.95 for the domain of the collective efficacy about infectious disease preparedness. Content validity was assessed by inquiring advice of questionss suitability from the health care experts. After that, verified questionnaire was developed. Following the pilot survey, second validity and reliability assessment was conducted. Construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The result of exploratory factor analysis showed 5 factors. The validity of the questionnaire was moderately verified by the confirmatory factor analysis (RMR=.41, RMSEA=.59, CFI=.91). Criterion validity was assessed by logistic regression. The association between collective efficacy level and infectious disease knowledge was not statistically significant but the association between collective efficacy level and infectious disease preventive behavior was statistically significant(The collective efficacy level 1, OR : 4.64, CI : 2.03-10.49 The collective efficacy level 2, OR : 3.45, CI : 1.60-7.44 The collective efficacy level 3, OR : 4.70 CI : 1.79-12.31). Lastly, internal consistency was determined with Cronbachs ฮฑ. The internal consistency reliability ranged from 0.64 to 0.83. Conclusion : This research could suggest a reliable tool that could measure infectious disease related collective efficacy. The questionnaire developed in this research was secured with reliability and validity, the researcher expects comprehension of collective efficacy level targeting the overall national people could be conducted, based on this, researches on evaluation of public health crisis confrontational ability could be progressed.Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Literature review 4 1.3 Needs for the study 7 1.4 Study aims 8 Chapter 2 METHODS 9 2.1 Study process 9 2.2 Development of draft questionnaires 10 2.3 Validity and reliability assessment 15 2.4 Pilot survey 16 2.5 Validity and reliability assessment from pilot survey 17 Chapter 3 RESULTS 20 3.1 Translation and development of draft questionnaire 20 3.2 Validity and reliability assessment 20 3.3 Verified the draft questionnaire 22 3.4 Demographic characteristics of pilot survey subjects 23 3.5 Validity and reliability assessment 24 Chapter 4 DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS 41 4.1 Discussion 41 4.2 Conclusion 44 REFERENCES 45 ABSTRACT (KOREAN) 62Maste

    A Developmental Study on Design Principles for Collaborative Learning Using Social Network Analysis

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์œกํ•™๊ณผ(๊ต์œก๊ณตํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2023. 2. ์กฐ์˜ํ™˜.The relevance of collaboration is acknowledged in numerous competency-related research initiatives as a key competency required for the 21st century. Cooperative competency must, however, be taught through formal schooling because it is difficult to develop on its own. And collaborative learning can be used in the classroom for this reason. Collaborative competencies can be fostered by implementing the factors that affect collaboration. The majority of collaborative learning takes place in groups, and because learning occurs as a result of group interactions, friendships among group members have an impact on learning and collaboration. Teachers are aware of how friendship affects classroom dynamics, but they struggle to comprehend friendship from an unbiased perspective and struggle to apply it effectively. Social Network Analysis(SNA) can be used to overcome these difficulties in identifying friendships. SNA refers to a method of analyzing relational characteristics using notes and links to understand society based on structuralism and social relations between individuals. The relationship between friends may be understood scientifically using SNA, and it is also feasible to learn about class features that teachers are unaware of in order to assist in the development of collaborative learning. The use of SNA with a focus on a friendship network, however, is uncommon in research of collaborative learning to date, and studies that have developed the theory of designing classes using it are even more uncommon. As a result, a design principle that creates classes that allow teachers to use the friendship network while planning collaborative learning is required. Therefore, the goal of this study is to develop a design principle that teachers can use to design collaborative learning while taking friendship into account using SNA approaches in the classroom and to determine the outcome. The following are the study's research questions: 1) What is the design principle of cooperative learning based on SNA? 2) Is the SNA-based collaborative learning design principle internally valid? 3) What impact does SNA-based collaborative learning have? Design and development research methodologies were used to conduct research in order to solve research problems. First, a literature review was used to generate the fundamental design principle. The internal validity of the design principle was then examined bythree experts. Following the internalvalidation, 17 fifth-grade elementary school students and one teacher participated in an external validation, which involved putting the SNA-based collaborative learning design principle to use in a real classroom setting. For a total of seven classes, the program was run as project-style collaborative learning with the goal of establishing a field trip plan for each group. Pre-tests and post-tests on collaborative competency and attitude towards collaborationwere conducted. A survey regardingclass satisfactionwas also done afterward. For a thorough understanding of the pre-test and post-test outcomes, interviews with the teacher and 9 students were also performed. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and qualitative data were examined using the qualitative analysis procedure. The study generated 12 design principles and 49 detailed principles organized into 5 categories. It involves "investigating and analyzing friendship networks, forming groups while considering friendship networks, designing collaborative tasks and role assignment, encouraging participation, and reflecting on collaboration." Both collaboration skills and attitudes toward collaboration showed a statistically significant difference between the pre- and post-tests, and the class satisfaction survey had overwhelmingly positive responses. It was able to confirm through student interviews that, compared to pre- and post-test results, collaborative competency and attitude had improved. Additionally, it was discovered that SNA-based collaborative learning has positive benefits on friendship and learning. Conversely, it was reaffirmed that there was a need for advice on appropriate participation techniques, for team building to be strengthened, and for student autonomy to be increased. Through teacher interviews, it was discovered that SNA-based collaborative learning has a positive impact on students' friendships and collaborative skills. Additionally, the SNA-based collaborative learning design principles assisted teachers in designing their classes effectively. The creation of checklists, the extended applicationof social networks, and long-term implementation were the enhancements to which the teacher responded. This study is significant both academically and practically because it clarifies the function of a friendship network as an instructional design component, emphasizes the value of creating design guidelines that are applicable to the real school setting, and considers the potential application of social network analysis to instructionaldesign.ํ˜‘๋ ฅ(collaboration)์€ 21์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ฃผ์š” ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ๋‚ดยท์™ธ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šฐ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ต์œกํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•™์Šต์„ ์ˆ˜์—…์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋„์›€์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•™์Šต์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์„ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ค„์ง€๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ๋‘ ์›๋“ค์ด ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํ•™์Šต์ด ์ด๋ค„์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ชจ๋‘ ์›๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„, ์ฆ‰ ๊ต์šฐ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ•™์Šต์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค. ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค ๋˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์—… ์šด์˜์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ต์šฐ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ต์šฐ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช์–ด ์ด๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ต์šฐ๊ด€๊ณ„ ํŒŒ์•…์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ถ„์„(Social Network Analysis)์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ถ„์„์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ฃผ์˜์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ๊ด€๊ณ„์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ๊ต์šฐ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณผํ•™์ ์ธ ํŒŒ์•…์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์ฒ˜ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ํ•™๊ธ‰์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•™์Šต์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•™์Šต ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ต์šฐ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋ฌผ๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋”์šฑ๋” ๋“œ๋ฌผ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•™์Šต์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ต์šฐ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ต์šฐ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•™์Šต์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•™์Šต ์„ค๊ณ„์›๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€? ๋‘˜์งธ, ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•™์Šต ์„ค๊ณ„์›๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚ด์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ€๋‹นํ•œ๊ฐ€? ์…‹์งธ, ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•™์Šต์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์–ด๋– ํ•œ๊ฐ€? ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ยท๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, ์„ ํ–‰๋ฌธํ—Œ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์„ค๊ณ„์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ํ›„์— ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ 3์ธ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„์›๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‚ด์  ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ํƒ€๋‹นํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ํƒ€๋‹นํ™” ํ›„ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต 5ํ•™๋…„ ํ•™์ƒ 17๋ช…๊ณผ ๊ต์‚ฌ 1์ธ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•™์Šต ์„ค๊ณ„์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ณ„ ํ˜„์žฅ์ฒดํ—˜ํ•™์Šต ๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์„ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ์ด 7์ฐจ์‹œ ๋™์•ˆ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธํ˜• ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•™์Šต์œผ๋กœ ์šด์˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์—… ์ „ํ›„์— ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰, ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ˆ˜์—… ํ›„์—๋Š” ์ˆ˜์—…๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์ „๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ์‚ฌํ›„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ฌ์ธต์  ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ต์‚ฌ 1๋ช…๊ณผ ํ•™์ƒ 9๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฉด๋‹ด๋„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ค‘ ์–‘์  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ†ต๊ณ„, Wilcoxon ๋ถ€ํ˜ธ ์ˆœ์œ„ ๊ฒ€์ •์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์งˆ์  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์งˆ์  ๋ถ„์„ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ต์šฐ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„, ๊ต์šฐ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๋ชจ๋‘  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ, ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๊ณผ์ œ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์—ญํ•  ๋ถ€์—ฌ, ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์ด‰์ง„, ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์˜ 5๊ฐœ ์˜์—ญ ์•„๋ž˜ 12๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„์›๋ฆฌ์™€ 49๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ธ๋ถ€์›๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์ „ยท์‚ฌํ›„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰, ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ์ˆ˜์—…๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ์„ค๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•™์ƒ ๋ฉด๋‹ด์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์‚ฌ์ „ยท์‚ฌํ›„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์™ธ์— ๊ต์šฐ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๊ฐœ์„ , ํ•™์Šต ์ด‰์ง„์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋„ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•™์Šต์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€๋„ ํ•„์š”, ํŒ€ ๋นŒ๋”ฉ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ํ•„์š”, ์ž์œจ์„ฑ ํ™•๋Œ€ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ต์‚ฌ์™€์˜ ๋ฉด๋‹ด์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ์„œ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ต์šฐ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•™์Šต์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์™ธ์— ํšจ๊ณผ์  ์ˆ˜์—… ์„ค๊ณ„๋„ ํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‘๋‹ตํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ฒดํฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ณด์™„, ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ์ ์šฉ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•™์Šต ์„ค๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ต์šฐ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คŒ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ต์ˆ˜์„ค๊ณ„ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ต์šฐ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ , ์‹ค์ œ ํ˜„์žฅ์— ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๊ณ„์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ , ๊ต์ˆ˜์„ค๊ณ„ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ฒœ์ , ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ์˜์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 7 3. ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ์ •๋ฆฌ 8 ๊ฐ€. ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•™์Šต 8 ๋‚˜. ๊ต์šฐ๊ด€๊ณ„ 8 ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ถ„์„ 8 ๋ผ. ๊ต์šฐ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ 9 โ…ก. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 10 1. ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•™์Šต 10 ๊ฐ€. ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•™์Šต ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ํŠน์„ฑ 10 ๋‚˜. ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•™์Šต์˜ ์ด‰์ง„์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์ €ํ•ด์š”์ธ 18 ๋‹ค. ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•™์Šต ๊ณผ์ œ 27 2. ๊ต์šฐ๊ด€๊ณ„ 35 ๊ฐ€. ๊ต์šฐ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ํŠน์„ฑ 35 ๋‚˜. ๊ต์šฐ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 42 3. ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ถ„์„ 48 ๊ฐ€. ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ํŠน์„ฑ 48 ๋‚˜. ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ถ„์„ ์ง€ํ‘œ 51 ๋‹ค. ๊ต์šฐ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ 58 โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 67 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž 67 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์ฐจ 69 ๊ฐ€. ์ „์ฒด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์ฐจ 69 ๋‚˜. ํ˜„์žฅ ์ ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์—…์ ˆ์ฐจ 71 3. ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ 92 ๊ฐ€. ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 92 ๋‚˜. ๋‚ด์  ํƒ€๋‹นํ™” 92 ๋‹ค. ์™ธ์  ํƒ€๋‹นํ™” 94 โ…ฃ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 97 1. ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•™์Šต ์„ค๊ณ„์›๋ฆฌ 97 ๊ฐ€. ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•™์Šต ์ตœ์ข… ์„ค๊ณ„์›๋ฆฌ 97 ๋‚˜. ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•™์Šต ์„ค๊ณ„์›๋ฆฌ ๊ต์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ง€์นจ 117 ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•™์Šต ์ตœ์ข… ์„ค๊ณ„์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ต์ˆ˜ํ•™์Šต ํ™œ๋™ 118 2. ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ํƒ€๋‹นํ™” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 123 ๊ฐ€. 1์ฐจ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ํƒ€๋‹นํ™” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 123 ๋‚˜. 2์ฐจ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ํƒ€๋‹นํ™” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 132 3. ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•™์Šต์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ 143 ๊ฐ€. ์‚ฌ์ „์‚ฌํ›„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 143 ๋‚˜. ์‚ฌํ›„ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 144 ๋‹ค. ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•™์Šต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘ 144 โ…ค. ๋…ผ์˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  176 1. ๋…ผ์˜ 176 2. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  182 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ œํ•œ์  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 184 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 186 ๋ถ€๋ก 205 Abstract 277์„

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ ์ž„์ƒยท์ƒ๋‹ด์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ „๊ณต,1999.Maste

    Mental Health among Public and Private Housing Residents

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž์™€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž ๊ฐ„ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์™€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์„ ๋น„๊ต๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฃผํƒ์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ƒํ™œ์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์ด๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ƒํ™œ์˜ ํ† ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํ–‰ํƒœ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์—ด์•…ํ•œ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ, ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ฐ ๋ฐ ์šฐ์šธ๊ฐ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์‹œ์ผœ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์ €ํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋ณต์ง€์ •์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์•ˆ์ •๋ง ๊ตฌ์ถ•์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ƒํ™œ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ๏ฝฅ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ๏ฝฅ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ๋„๋ชจํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์•„ํŒŒํŠธ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋†“์—ฌ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋†“์—ฌ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž์˜ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž์™€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž์˜ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž์™€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž์˜ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œ 11์ฐจ ํ•œ๊ตญ๋ณต์ง€ํŒจ๋„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฒ€์ •๊ณผ ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์šฐ์šธ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์—ญ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์˜๊ตฌ์ž„๋Œ€์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž์˜ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์€ ์ฃผํƒ์‹œ์„ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์•„ํŒŒํŠธ์™€ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ž„๋Œ€์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ฆฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž์˜ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ๋“ค์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.This study examined the differences in the level of mental health and determinants of mental health between public and private housing residents. We analyzed the 11th Korea Welfare Panel Study and divided the sample into subgroups that are private housing residents and public housing residents, including peoples rental housing and permanent rental housing residents. T-test analyses were then run to compare the level of mental health among the subgroups. Multiple regression analyses were run of the subgroups to examine how housing and neighborhood characteristics affect mental health. The empirical analysis shows that people living in public housing are less mentally healthy than people living in private housing. It was also found that the mental health of private housing and peoples rental housing residents is more likely to be affected by neighborhood environment while the mental health of permanent rental housing residents is more likely to be affected by housing characteristics.์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2016๋…„ ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ ๊ต์œก๋ถ€์™€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž„(NRF-2016S1A3 A2925463)
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