23 research outputs found
Purification of acetyl CoA carboxylase and change of enzyme activities by trypsin treatment
์ํ๊ณผ/์์ฌ[ํ๊ธ]
Acetyl CoA carboxylase๋ ์์ฒด ๋ด์์ ๋จ๊ธฐ์ ์ผ๋ก๋ cirtrate ๋ฐ isocitrate์ ์ํด์ ํ์ฑํ๋๋ฉด ์ฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ผ๋ก๋ nutritional ๋๋ hormonal state์ ๋ฐ๋ผ์ ์กฐ์ ๋๋ค๊ณ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋์ด ์๋ค.
๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ์์ฒด ์ธ์์๋ cirtrate๋ isocitrate์ ์ํด์ ๋ฟ๋ง ์๋๋ผ tryspin์ฒ๋ฆฌ์ ๋๋ ์ค๋ ์๊ฐ ๋์์ ๋์ฅ๊ณ ๋ด ๋ณด๊ด์์๋ ๊ทธ ํ์ฑ๋๊ฐ ์ฆ๊ฐํ๋ค๋ ์ฌ์ค๋ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋์ด ์์ผ๋ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ ์ ์์ง ์ ๋ฐํ์ ธ ์์ง ์๋ค.
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ trypsin์ฒ๋ฆฌ์ ๋๋ ์ค๋ซ๋์ ๋์ฅ๊ณ ๋ณด๊ด์์ ์ด ํจ์ํ์ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐํ๋ ์ฌ์ค์ ๊ตฌ๋ช
ํ๊ธฐ ์ํ์ฌ ์ฅ์๊ฐ ๊ตถ๊ธด ๋ฐฑ์์ ๋ฌด์ง๋ฐฉ ๊ณ ํจ์ํ์์์ด๋ฅผ ์ฌํฌ์ฌํ์ฌ ์ด ๋ฐฑ์ ๊ฐ์ฅ์ธํฌ๋ก๋ถํฐ polyethylene glycol, ammonium sulfate, Sepharose 2B gel filtration, DEAE-Sephacel column chromatography๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ์ฌ actyl CoA carboxylase๋ฅผ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ ์ ์ ํ์ฌ ์ด ํจ์ ํ์ฑ๋์ ์ด๋ ์ด ํจ์๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ฑํ๋ ์๋จ์ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง์ ๋ถ์๋๊ณผ์ ์ํธ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ๊ณ ๋ถ๋ถ์ ์ ๋ acetyl CoA carboxylase์ trypsin์ ์ฒ๋ฆฌํ์ฌ ์ด ํจ์์ ํ์ฑ๋๋ณํ๋ฅผ ๋น๊ต ๊ด์ฐฐํ์๋ค.
๋ฐฑ์์ 3์ผ๊ฐ ๊ตถ๊ธด ๋ค์ ๊ณ ํจ์ํ์ ์์ด๋ฅผ 3์ผ๊ฐ ์ฌํฌ์ฌํ ํ ๊ฐ์ฅ์ธํฌ์์ acetyl CoA carboxylase๋ฅผ polyethylene glycol ๋ฐ ammonium sulfate๋ฅผ ์ฒ๋ฆฌํ ํ Sepharose 2B gel filtration์ ์ํํ์ฌ 1,522๋ฐฐ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ ์ ์ ํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ ์ด ํจ์์ specific activity๋ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง mg๋น 3.88units์ด์๋ค.
์ด๋ SDS-PAGE๋ฅผ ์ํํ์ฌ ๋ถ์๋ 220,000 ๋ฐ 120,000์ ํด๋นํ๋ ์ฃผ๋ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง๋๋ฅผ ํ์ธํ์๋ค. ์ด ํจ์์ฉ์ก์ DEAE-Sephacel column chromatography๋ฅผ ์ํํ์๋ ๋ฐ ์ฝ 12,000๋ฐฐ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ ์ ์ ํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ ์ด ํจ์์ specific activity๋ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง mg ๋น 30 units์ด์๋ค.
์ด๋ SDS-PAGE๋ฅผ ์ํํ์ฌ ๋ถ์ํด ๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ Sepharose 2B gel filtration ์ํ ํ SDS-PAGE ์์์ ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ ๋ถ์๋ 220,000์ ํด๋นํ๋ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง๋๊ฐ ์์ค๋๋ฉด์ ๋ถ์๋ 120,000 ๋ฐ 110,000์ ํด๋นํ๋ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง๋๊ฐ ๋ํ๋ฌ๋๋ฐ ์ด๋ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ ๊ณผ์ ์ค proteolytic enzyme์ ์ํ์ฌ ๊ฐ์๋ถํด๋ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ก ์ฌ๋ฃ๋๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ ํจ์ ํ์ฑ๋๊ฐ 7.55๋ฐฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ๋์๋ค.
Sepharose 2B gel filtration ์ํ ํ ์ป์ ํจ์๋ฅผ ํ ๋ผ์ ์ฃผ์ฌํ์ฌ ์ป์ ํญ ํ์ฒญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ฅ์ธํฌ ๊ท ๋ฑ์ก์ 20,000xg๋ก ์์นจํ์ฌ ์ป์ ์์ธต์ก์ 3% polyethylene glycol ์ถ์ถ์ก๊ณผ ์์ฉ์์ผ Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion ์คํ์ ํ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํญ ํ์ฒญ 15ฮผl๋ ๊ฐ์ฅ์ธํฌ ๊ท ๋ฑ์ก๊ณผ ๋ฐ์ํ์ฌ ์๋ก ์ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ ํ๋ด์ ์นจ์ ๋๊ฐ ํ์ฑ๋์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ํญ ํ์ฒญ์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ protein A Sepharose column chromatography๋ฅผ ์ํํ์ฌ ์ป์ IgG ๋๋๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ์์ผ ์ฒจ๊ฐํ๋ฉด acetyl CoA carboxylase ํ์ฑ์ IgG ๋๋์ ๋น๋กํ์ฌ ์ต์ ๋ ์ฌ์ค๋ก ๋ฏธ๋ฃจ์ด ๊ฐํ ํ์ฒญ์์ ๋ถ๋ฆฌํ IgG์๋ acetyl CoA carboxylase์ ๋ํ ํญ์ฒด๊ฐ ์์ฑ๋์์์ ์ฌ ํ์ธํ์๋ค.
๋ถ๋ถ์ ์ ๋ acetyl CoA carboxylase ํจ์ ์ฉ์ก์ trypsin์ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง mg๋น 0.625, 1.25, 1.875ฮผg์ฉ ๊ฐํ์ฌ 1๋ถ ๋์ ๋ฐ์์ํจ ํ์ ๊ฐ ํจ์ ํ์ฑ๋๋ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 375%, 382%, 173%๋ก ์ฆ๊ฐํ์์ผ๋ trypsin ๋๋๊ฐ ์ฆ๊ฐํจ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ํจ์ํ์ฑ์ 0.625ฮผg์์ ๋นํ์ฌ 75.2%, 46.1%๋ฅผ ๋ํ๋ด์๋ค.
๋ํ trypsin์ ์ผ์ ๋(1.5ฮผg) ๊ฐํ ๋ค ๋ฐ์์๊ฐ์ ์ฆ๊ฐ์ํด์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๊ทธ ํ์ฑ๋๊ฐ 1๋ถ์์ 2๋ถ๊น์ง๋ 250%, 194%๋ก ์ฆ๊ฐํ๋ 5๋ถ, 10๋ถ ํ์๋ 92%, 34%๋ก ์ ์ฐจ ๊ฐ์ํ์๋ค.
์ด๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ trypsin์ ์ํด ์ด ํจ์ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง์ด ๋ถ์๋ 110,000 ๋๋ 120,000 ์ดํ๋ก ์ ๋จ๋๋ฉด ํจ์ํ์ฑ์ด ์์ค๋๋ ์ฌ์ค์ ์์ฌํ๋ฉฐ ์ด ์ฌ์ค์ SDS-PAGE์์ ๋ํ๋ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์ผ์นํ๋ค.
[์๋ฌธ]
On the contrary to the report that acetyl CoA carboxylase is a single polypetide of MW 220,000-260,000 that contains 2-6 moles of phosphate and 1 mole of biotin, the enzyme has been suggested to have a MWs of 220,000-260,000 composed of 2 subunits with MWs of 220,000 and 108,000. It has been known that acetyl CoA carboxylase activity is stimulated by citrate or isocitrate temporarily and also regulated by nutritional and hormonal state for a long term in vivo. It has been reported that acetyl CoA carboxylase activity was stimulated by trypsin treatment or by the prolonged storage in the refrigerator as well ascitrate or isocitrate in vitro. In the present study, acetyl CoA carboxylase was purified from the liver of rats refed with a fat free high cabohydrate diet after the 3 days fasting, through polyethylene glycol, ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sepharose 2B gel filtration and DEAE-Sphacel column chromatorgraphy, and the MWs of subunits and the change in the enzyme activity were measured. Acetyl CoA carboxylase purified 1,522 folds from the liver of rats fasted for 3 days then by refed with a fat free high carbohydrate diet and had a specific activity of 3.88 Units/mg protein. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of this enzyme showed two protein bands corresponding MWs of 220,000 and 120,000. Specific activity of acetyl CoA carboxylase obtained after the DEAE-Sephacel column chromatography was 30 Units/mg protein and the enzyme was purified 12,000 folds. Upon SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, only two protein bands corresponding MWs of 120,000 and 110,000 were appeared with the
disappearance of a protein band having MWs of 220,000, indicating that proteolytic hydrolysis of the enzyme into two subunits during purification. The reason for the dramatic increase of the enzyme activity by proteolysis is not known. Ouchterlony
double immunodiffusion between rabbit antiserum against acetyl CoA carboxylase prepared through Sepharose 2B gel filtration step and 3% polyethylene glycol extract of the 20,000xg supernatant of liver homogenate was carried out. 15ml of antiserum cross-reacted with liver homogenate and formed a sharp hexagonal precipitin. Addition of IgG prepared from the antiserum by protein A Sepharose column chromatography to the 5% polyethylene glycol precipitate of liver homogenate inhibited the actyl CoA carboxylase activity in parallal to the IgG concentration indicating the presence of antibody against acetyl CoA carboxylase in the IgG. Treatment of 0.625, 1.25, 1.875 mg of trypsin to 1 mg of partially purified actyl CoA carboxylase resulted in the increase of the enzyme activity in the order of
375, 282, 178%, respectively. The inhibition of acetyl CoA carboxylase by trypsin(1.5ฮผg/mg protein) was dependent on the incubation time indicating that the extensive hydrolysis of the enzyme by trypsin decreased the enzyme activity.restrictio
Application of antisense RNA against the RBC type glucose transporter (GLUT1) in the change of glucose uptake in tumor cells
์ํ๊ณผ/๋ฐ์ฌ[ํ๊ธ]
ํฌ๋๋น์ ํฌ์ ๋๋ฌผ์ ์ค์ํ ๋์ฌ์ฐ๋ฃ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ธํฌ ์ํ์ง๋ง์ ์กด์ฌํ๋ ํฌ๋๋น ์ด๋ฐ์ฒด(glucose transporters, GLUTs)๋ facilitative diffusion ๊ธฐ์ ์ ์ํด ์ธํฌ์ธ๋ถ์ ๊ณ ๋๋๋ก ์กด์ฌํ๋ ํฌ๋๋น์ ์ธํฌ๋ด๋ก ์ด๋ฐํ๋ ๋ง ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง๋ก์ ๋์ผ์ข
๋ด์์ ๊ฐ ์กฐ์ง์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ
ํฌํ๋ ํ(type)์ด ์์ ์ผ๋ก๋ ๋ฏธ๋์ด์ง๋ง ์ค๋ณต๋๊ธฐ๋ ํ๋ ๊ทธ ์ฃผ์ ๋ถํฌํ์ ์๋ก ๋ค๋ฅด๋ค๊ณ ์๋ ค์ ธ ์๋ค.
์ต๊ทผ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ํฌ๋๋น ์ด๋ฐ์ฒด๋ 5์ข
๋ฅ๊ฐ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋์ด ์์ผ๋ฉฐ ์ด ์ค ์ธํฌ์ฑ์ฅ ์ํ์ ๋งค์ฐ ๋ฐ์ ํ ๊ด๋ จ์ด ์๋ ํ์ด ์ ํ๊ตฌํ ํฌ๋๋น ์ด๋ฐ์ฒด(GLUTI)๋ก์ ์์ ์ ์ ํ์ฑ์ด๋ ๊ณผ๋ํ ์ฑ์ฅ์ธ์(growth factor) ํํ์ ์ํด ์ ๋๋๋ ์ฆ์์ํ์ ์๋ ์ธํฌ์ ํฌ๋๋น ๊ณต
๊ธ์ ๋ด๋นํ๋ ์ค์ํ ์ธํฌ๋ง ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง์ด๋ค.
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ GLUTI mRNA์ ๋ํ antisense RNA๋ฅผ ํํํ๋ GLUTI antisense RNA ๊ตฌ์ฑ์ฒด๋ฅผ pMAM vector์ ์ฝ์
ํ์ฌ pMAM-GLUTI(rev)์ ์ ์กฐํ์ฌ N-ras ์์ ์ ์์ ์ํด ์์ธํฌ๋ก ๋ณํ๋ NIH 3T3์ธํฌ๋ด์ transfection ์ํจ ๋ค์ dexamethasone์ผ๋ก GLUTI์ ๋ํ antisense RNA์ ํํ์ ์ ๋ฐ์ํค๋ฉด์ ์์ธํฌ๋ก ๋ณํ๋ NIH 3T3 ์ธํฌ์ ์ฑ์ฅ ๋ฐ ํน์ฑ ๋ณํ๋ฅผ ๊ด์ฐฐํ์ฌ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ป์๋ค.
1. pBN-ras๋ก transfection ์ํจ NIH 3T3 ์ธํฌ๋ ๋ฐฐ์์ ํํํ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ํ์ ์ธ ์์ธํฌ์ ๋ชจ์์ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ , soft agar์์์ colony๋ฅผ ํ์ฑํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์ธํฌ์ ์ผ์์ฒด๋ด์ N-ras์ exon 2๋ถ์๊ฐ PCR๋ฒ์ ์ํด ์ฆํญ๋๋ ์ฌ์ค๋ก ๋ฏธ๋ฃจ์ด ๋ณด์ ์ด ์ธํฌ๋ N-ras ์์ ์ ์์ ์ํด ์์ธํฌ๋ก ๋ณํ๋์์์ ํ์ธํ์๋ค.
2. N-ras์ ์ํด ์์ธํฌ๋ก ๋ณํ๋ NIH 3T3 ์ธํฌ์ 2-deoxy-D-[1- (3)**H]-glucose ์ด๋ฐ๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ ๋์กฐ๊ตฐ NlH 3T3 ์ธํฌ์ ๋นํ์ฌ ๋ฐ์์์ 4๋ถ ํ์ 2.5๋ฐฐ, 5๋ถ ํ 4.5๋ฐฐ, 6๋ถ ํ 6.0๋ฐฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ๋์์ผ๋ฉฐ ์์ธํฌ๋ด GLUTI mRNA์์ ๋์กฐ๊ตฐ์ ๋นํด 2.5๋ฐฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ๋์๋ค.
3. GLUTI์ ๋ํ antisense RNA๋ฅผ ์ ์ฌ์ํฌ ์ ์๋ DNA๋ฅผ ์ ์กฐํ๊ธฐ ์ํ์ฌ GLUTlcDNA(1.8kb)๋ฅผ ํฌ์ ๋๋ฌผ ์ธํฌ์์ dexamethasone์ ์ํด ํํ์ด ์ ๋๋๋ MMTV-LTR์ promoter๋ก ๊ฐ์ง vector์ธ pMAM์ SalI ์ ๋จ๋ถ์์ ์ญ๋ฐฉํฅ์ผ๋ก subcloningํ์ฌ ์ฝ์
๋ ๋ฐฉํฅ์ KPnI, Ncol, EcoRl ๋ฐ SalI์ผ๋ก ํ์ธํ๊ณ pMAM-GLUT1 (rev)์ด๋ผ ๋ช
๋ช
ํ์๋ค. ์ด vector๋ฅผ N-ras์ ์ํด ๋ณํ๋ NIH 3T3 ์์ธํฌ์ transfection ์ํจ ํ dexamethasone์ ์ฒ๋ฆฌํ์ฌ GLUT1 antisense RNA ํฌ๊ธฐ(2.4kb)์ ํด๋นํ๋ RNA๊ฐ ํํ๋๋ ๊ฒ์ ํ์ธํ์๋ค.
4. pMAM-GLUTI(rev)์ transfection ์ํจ NIH 3T3 ์์ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ ๊ตฐ์ผ๋ก ๋๋์ด ํ ๊ตฐ์ dexamethasone์ผ๋ก GLUTI antisense RNA์ ํํ์ ์ ๋์ํค๊ณ ๋๋จธ์ง ๊ตฐ์ ์ ๋์ํค์ง ์์ ๋์กฐ๊ตฐ์ผ๋ก ํ์ฌ, ํฌ๋๋น์ด ์ด๋ฐ๋๋ ์์ ์ ๋๊ตฐ์์๋ 1.97ยฑ0.13pmo1e glucose/10*
*5 cells(2021ยฑ106cpm/10**5 cells)๋ก ๋์กฐ๊ตฐ์ ๋นํด (3.36ยฑ0.54pmole glucose/10**5 cells, 3692ยฑ591cpm/10**5 cells) 45% ๊ฐ์๋์๋ค.
5. Soft agar์์์ antisense RNA ํํ์ ์ ๋์ํจ ๊ตฐ์์๋ ์ง๊ฒฝ์ด 50ใ ์ด์์ธ colony ์๊ฐ 20ยฑ3.4๊ฐ/60 mm**2๋ก antisense RNA์ ํํ์ ์ ๋์ํค์ง ์์ ๋์กฐ๊ตฐ(32ยฑ2.8๊ฐ/60mm**2 )์ ๋นํด 40% ๊ฐ์๋์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ ๋๊ตฐ์์ ๊ด์ฐฐ๋ colony์ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋์กฐ๊ตฐ์ ๋น
ํด ์ ์ฒด์ ์ผ๋ก ์์๋ค. ์ด๋ฌํ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข
ํฉํด ๋ณผ ๋ GLUTI antisense RNA๊ฐ ํํ๋จ์ผ๋ก์จ ์์ธํฌ๋ด๋ก ํฌ๋๋น ์ด๋ฐ์ด ๊ฐ์๋๊ณ , soft agar assay์์ ๋ณํ๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ์๋๋ ์ฌ์ค๋ก ๋ฏธ๋ฃจ์ด ๋ณด์ ์ธํฌ๋ด์์ GLUTI antisense RNA๊ฐ GLUTI mRNA์ ๊ฒฐํฉํ์ฌ GLUTI mRNA๊ฐ translationํ๋ ๊ณผ์ ์ด ์ต์ ๋์ด ์์ธํฌ๊ฐ ํ์๋ก ํ๋ ํฌ๋๋น์ ์ด๋ฐ์ํค๋ ํฌ๋๋น ์ด๋ฐ์ฒด์ ์์ด ๊ฐ์๋์๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์ฌ๋ฃ๋๋ค.
[์๋ฌธ]
Sereval studies have shown that transport of glucose in all tissues is mediated by a family of structurally related facilitative glucose carriers that have distinct but overlaping tissue distributions. Recently, five types of glucose transporter were identified in mammalian cells. One of these GLUTs, the GLUTl, which is known as RBC type g1ucose transporter has been known to be closely related to cellular growth states.
GLUTI is expressed in most cells and thought to be responsible for "housekeeping" levels of glucose transport. The rate of glucose transport via GLUTl is known to be increased under conditions such as transformation process or serum stimulation of
cells. This unique characteristics of GLUTl expression may Provide one of the possible ways to reduce the growth of the cell undergoing cellular transformation.
In this study, NIH 3T3 cell was transformed by ras oncogene and the presence of ras in the host chromosome was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction using primers that will amplify the exon 2 region of ras. This cell line showed increased glucose
transport, GLUTI mRNA content and the ability to form colonies in soft agar. An expression vector that will express the antisense RNA against the GLUTl mRNA was constructed and named pMAM-GLUTI (rev). To investigate the possibility of application of antisense RNA against the RBC type GLUT1 for suppression of tumor cell growth, pMAM-GLUTI (rev) was transfected into NIH 3T3 cells transformed by ras. The expression of antisense RNA was induced by dexamethasone and confirmed by Northern blot analysis. The GLUTl antisense RNA reduced the amount of glucose transported into cells by 45% compared to control group. The number of colonies sizing over 50ใ grown in the soft agar in antisense expression group was reduced to 20ยฑ3.4 compared to control group(32 ยฑ2.8/60 mm**2 ). From these results, the expression of GLUTl antisense RNA reduce the glucose transport and transforming
potential in soft agar by blocking expression of GLUTl mRNA with in the ras transformed NIH 3T3 cell line.restrictio