Effect of Mycoplasma pneumoniae on IL-8 Gene Expression in Human Respiratory Epithelial Cells

Purpose : Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of lower respiratory disease. Several studies have suggested that M. pneumoniae respiratory infection is associated with re-active airway disease and asthma. It has been suggested that Interleukin-8(IL-8) has a role in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation of bronchial asthma and is well known to be expressed in bronchial epithelial cells. Methods : In this study, we examined the effect of M pneumoniae extract and the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs) on IL-8 expression in human lung epithelial cells. IL-8 levels were determined by an enzyme linked-immunosorbent assay. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK) phosphorylation was assessed by western blotting. Results : In A549 cells, AT. pneumoniae extract induced IL-8 release in a tame- or dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with PD98059, which blocks the activation of MAPK/ERK kinase 1, before M. pneumoniae extract stimulation inhibited the increase in the production of IL-8 by 64.4% at 25 M. Stimulation of A549 cells by extract caused an increase in the activity of ERK, compared with the non-stimulated cells. The extract stimulation had no effect on the activities of p38. Conclusion : These observations suggest that activation of ERK by M. pneumoniae ex-tract may be one of the mechanisms that result in the increase of the production of IL-8.ope

Two Cases of Urticaria Developed by Antianemics which Contain Cow's Milk Protein(casein) or Egg White Protein(ovalbumin)

Hemo-Q and AlbumaxV solution are widely used antianemics. Hemo-Q8 contains cow´s milk protein(casein) and Albumaxe contains egg white protein(ovalbumin). Cow´s milk protein and egg protein can cause common allergic diseases in infants and young children. We reported two cases of young children with milk and egg allergy who presented skin symptoms after ingestion or cutaneous contact with Hemo-Q8 or Albumaxe solution. When Hemo--Q or Albumax@ solution was taken or rubbed on, erythematous papules and wheals were developed in 10-20 minutes, but other antianemics which don´t contain milk or egg protein contents didn´t show skin manifestations.ope

준모수적 극치이론 VaR 접근법인 VaR-x 모형에 관한 실증 연구

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :경영학과 경영학전공,2002.Maste

(A) tomographic study of the condyle position in temporomanibular disorders

치의학과/박사[한글] 본 연구의 목적은 악관절 단층 방사선사진상에서의 과두위가 교정 및 교합치료의 병력이 없는 임상적으로 무증상군, 기능장애 환자의 특징적인 근육통군, 내장증군 및 관절증군간에 유의성 있는 차이를 나타내는가를 알아 보기 위해 시도되었다. 무증상군 36명, 근육통군 22명, 내장증군 54명 및 관절증군 31명을 대상으로 하여, 두부측방향 방사선사진의 분석에 따른 측방 단층 방사선사진을 좌우측의 외측, 중앙 및 내측 절단면에 따라 교두감합위 상태에서 촬영하고, 이중 선상 측정방법으로 관절공폭을 측정한 후 파두위를 비율로 표시하여 각 측정항목들을 통계처리하고 분석한 후에 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 본 연구의 무증상군에서는 동심위가 50.0% 내지 65.4%로 나타났으나, 다양한 과두위가 광범위하게 나타났다 남녀의 평균과두위간에 유의차이가 없었으며, 좌우측의 평균과두위간에도 유의차이가 없었다. 2. 여자에서 각 진단군의 좌측의 외측 절단면의 평균과두위간에 유의차이가 내장증군과 근육통군간에 있었으며, 각 진단군의 좌측의 중앙 절단면의 평균과두위간에 유의차이가 내장증군과 근육통군간에 있었으며. 각 진단군의 좌측의 내측 절단면의 평균과두위간에 유의차이가 내장증군과 근육통군간에 있었다(P<.05). 3. 근육통군의 과두위는 보다 동심위였으며, 내장증군의 과두위는 보다 후방위였다. 이것은 주증상측에서는 외측, 중앙 및 내측 절단면에서 내장증군과 근육통군간에 유의차이가 있었으며, 주증상 반대측에서는 중앙 절단면에서만 내장증군과 근육통간에 유의차이가 있었다(P<.05). 관절증의 과두위는 후방위, 동심위 및 전방위 전체에 걸쳐 보다 넓게 분포하였다. 4. 증상군의 주증상 반대측에서는 각 증상군의 중앙 절단면의 평균과두위간에 유의차이가 내장증군과 근육통군간에 있었다(P<.05). 내장증군의 과두위는 보다 후방위였다. 편측성 증상이 있는 환자의 주증상 반대측에서는 과두위의 분포가 각 증상군의 주증상측과 유 사하였으며, 이것은 주증상측과 그 반대측간에 유의차이가 없었다. 5. 내장증의 세가지 아군에서는 Non-reciprocal clicking군과 Locking군보다 Reducible disc displacement군이 더욱 후방위였으나, 이것은 유의차이가 없었다. 6. 16세에서 25세 사이의 연령군에서는 각 증상군의 주증상측의 내측 절단면의 평균과두위간에 유의차이가 근육통군과 내장증군간에 있었으며(P<.05), 이것을 제외하고는 증상군간에 그리고 연령군간에 유의차이가 없었다. [영문] The aim of this study was to determine whether T.M.J. tomographic examination yielded significant differences in condyle positions among asymptomatic, myalgia, derangement, and arthrosis groups of T.M.J. disorders. The author obtained sagittal linear tomograms of right and left T.M.Js. of 36 asymptomatic, 22 myalgia, 54 derangement, and 31 arthrosis patients taken at serial lateral, central, and medial sections in the intercuspal position after submentovertex radiographs analyzed. With the dual linear measurements of the posterior rind anterior interarticular space, condyle positions were mathematically expressed as proportion. All data from these analysis was recorded and processed statistically. The results ware obtained as follows. 1. In asymptomatic group, radiographically concentric condyle position was found in 50.0% to 65.4% of subjects, with a substantial range of variability. No significant differences existed between men and women and also between right and left T.M.Js, for condyle position. 2. In women, significant difference for mean condyle position of left lateral section of each diagnostic category existed between derangement and myalgia groups(P<.05). Also that of left central section existed between derangement and myalgia groups, and that of left medial section existed between derangement and myalgia groups(P<.05). 3. In main-symptom side, condyle position in myalgia group was more concentric, and condyle position in derangement group was more posterior. This showed significant differences between derangement and myalgia groups in lateral, central, and medial sections of main-symptom sides, and only between derangement and myalgia groups in central section of contra-lateral sides(P<.05). Condyle position in arthrosis group was broadly distributed among all positions. 4. In contra-lateral side, significant difference for mean condyle position of central section of each symptomatic group existed between derangement and myalgia groups(P<.05). Condyle position in derangement group was more posterior. The distribution of the condyle position of contra-lateral side in patients with unilateral symptoms was similar to that of main-symptom side in each symptomatic group. No significant difference existed between main-symptom and centra-lateral sides. 5. For internal derangement subgroups, condyle position in reducible disc displacement group was more posterior than non-reciprocal and locking groups, but there was no significant difference. 6. From 16 to 25 years, significant difference for mean condyle position of medial section of main-symptom side of each symptomatic group existed between myalgia and derangement groups(P<.05).restrictio

Clinico-radiological study of radicular cyst of the jaw

치의학과/석사[한글] 저자는 1965년부터 1983년까지 연세대학교 치과대학 부속병원과 서울대학병원에서 치근단 낭종으로 진단된 6세에서 70세사이의 남자 167명과 여자 139명의 환자에 발생한 319예의 치근단 낭종을 임상 방사선학적으로 분석하였다. 본 연구는 이 319예의 치근단 낭종을 촬영한 여러 유형의 방사선사진과 총 306명의 환자중에서 임상 기록 검토가 가능하였던 60명의 환자의 60예의 임상 기록부가 사용되었으며, 또한 환자의 연령 및 성별, 환자의 주소, 부위, 방사선학적 양상, 치아 변화, 병소에 의해서 침범된 해부학적 구조등에 따르는 치근단 낭종의 빈도와 분포를 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 치근단 낭종의 발생 연령은 환자의 20대에서 가장 호발하였으며, 69.9%가 11세에서 40세 사이에서 발생하였다. 통계학적 분석은 성별 분포에서 유의의 차이를 나타내지 않았다(P>0.05). 2. 치근단 낭종의 호발 부위는 상악 전치 부위(44.9%), 하악 전치 부위 (15.9%), 상악 소구치 부위(14.8%)및 하악 소구치 부위(11.0%) 순이었으며, 상악과 하악의 비는 약 7:3이었다. 통계학적 분석은 좌우측 부위별 분포에서 유의의 차이를 나타내지 않았다(P>0.05). 3. 치근단 낭종의 침범은 치근단 부위를 포함한 경우가 전체의 92.2%로 가장 많았으며, 난형 및 타원형인 원형의 치근단 낭종이 전체의 88.7%이었고, 치근단 낭종을 둘러싸고 있는 완전한 과골 변연이 있는 경우가 전체의 66.8%이었다. 4. 치근단 낭종에 의해서 침범된 하나 또는 그 이상의 치근 흡수가 있는 경우가 전체의 55.2%이었으며, 침범된 하나 또는 그 이상의 치아 이동이 있는 경우가 전체의 23.1%이었다. CLINICO-RADIOLOGICAL STUDY OF RADICULAR CYST OF THE JAW Sung Youn Choi, D.D.S. Department of dental science, Graduate School, Yonsei University (Directed by Associate Prof. Han Pyong Kim, D.D.S., M.S.D., Ph.D.) The author analysed clinically and radiologically 319 radicular cysts which were proven histologically in Infirmary College of Dentistry Yonsei University and Seoul National University Hospital from 1965 to 1983, and which occurred in 167 males and 139 females between the ages of 6 and 70. This analysis was undertaken to discover the frequency and distribution of the radicular cysts with regard to the age and sex, the chief complaints of the patients, the regions, the radiographical appearances, the tooth changes, and the anatomical structures involved by the lesions. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The most frequently involved age group for the radicular cysts was the third decade of the patients, and the greatest number 69.9 per cent occurred between the ages of 11 and 40 years. The statistical analysis did not show any significant difference between male and female(P>0.05). 2. The frequently involved region for the radicular cysts was orderly the maxillary anterior region(44.9 per cent), the mandibula. anterior region(15.9 per cent), the maxillary premolar region(14.8 per cent), and the mandibular premolar region(11.0 per cent). The maxillo-mandibular ratio of the radicular cysts was about 7:3. The statistical analysis did not show any significant difference between right and left sides(P>0.05). 3. The greatest number was 92.2 per cent, which were involved in apical portions of the radicular cysts, 88.7 per cent of the radicular cysts were found in the round shapes which were oval and elliptical, and 66.8 per cent of the radicular cysts were observed with the completely hyperostotic borders. 4. The radicular cysts caused the root resorption in 55.2 per cent and the migration of the involved tooth or teeth in 23.5 per cent respectively. [영문] The author analysed clinically and radiologically 319 radicular cysts which were proven histologically in Infirmary College of Dentistry Yonsei University and Seoul National University Hospital from 1965 to 1983, and which occurred in 167 males and 139 females between the ages of 6 and 70. This analysis was undertaken to discover the frequency and distribution of the radicular cysts with regard to the age and sex, the chief complaints of the patients, the regions, the radiographical appearances, the tooth changes, and the anatomical structures involved by the lesions. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The most frequently involved age group for the radicular cysts was the third decade of the patients, and the greatest number 69.9 per cent occurred between the ages of 11 and 40 years. The statistical analysis did not show any significant difference between male and female(P>0.05). 2. The frequently involved region for the radicular cysts was orderly the maxillary anterior region(44.9 per cent), the mandibula. anterior region(15.9 per cent), the maxillary premolar region(14.8 per cent), and the mandibular premolar region(11.0 per cent). The maxillo-mandibular ratio of the radicular cysts was about 7:3. The statistical analysis did not show any significant difference between right and left sides(P>0.05). 3. The greatest number was 92.2 per cent, which were involved in apical portions of the radicular cysts, 88.7 per cent of the radicular cysts were found in the round shapes which were oval and elliptical, and 66.8 per cent of the radicular cysts were observed with the completely hyperostotic borders. 4. The radicular cysts caused the root resorption in 55.2 per cent and the migration of the involved tooth or teeth in 23.5 per cent respectively.restrictio

Correlation between inhalant allergen specific IgE and pulmonary function in children with asthma.

의학과/석사[한글] 최근 알레르기 질환의 증가에 있어서 항원에 대한 감작이 중요한 위험요인이 되고 있으며 그 대표적인 항원으로서 집먼지 진드기, 바퀴, 애완동물(고양이, 개) 및 곰팡이가 지목되고 있다. 국내외 여러 문헌을 보면 성인에서 집먼지 진드기, 꽃가루, 집먼지, 개와 고양이털같은 흡입성 항원에 대한 감작과 폐기능 감소와의 관련성에 대한 보고가 있어왔으며, 또 천식을 가진 소아들의 90% 정도가 이러한 흡입성 항원에 감작되었다는 보고도 있다. 이렇게 흡입성 항원에 노출과 폐기능 감소와의 상관관계에 대하여는 많이 알려져 있으나, 흡입성 항원 특이 IgE 수치와 폐기능 감소 정도와의 관련성은 명백히 밝혀져 있지 않은 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 천식 환아에서 가장 대표적 항원인 집먼지 진드기 2종류(Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae)와 도시 거주자에서 천식 발작에 더 큰 역할을 한다고 알려져 있는 바퀴항원을 추가 하였고, 크기가 작고 수가 많으며 계절적인 영향을 덜 받아 일년 내내 발견되어 중요한 흡입항원으로 여겨지는 Alternaria의 특이 IgE 수치와 폐기능 감소 정도의 상관관계를 살펴보고자 하였다. 본 연구는 2001년 10월부터 2002년 8월까지 연세대학교 세브란스병원 알레르기 클리닉에 내원한 천식 환아 26명과 정상 소아 33명을 대상으로 하였다. 각 군에서 CAP system FEIA를 시행하여 4가지 흡입성 항원에 대한 특이 IgE 수치를 측정하고 폐기능 검사로 FEV1/FVC, FEV1, FEF25-75%값을 측정하여 각 항원과 폐기능과의 상관관계를 구하였다. 연구자료를 분석한 결과, 천식군에서 대조군에 비해 FEV1과 FEF25-75%값이 의미있게 감소되어 있었다(p<0.05). 또 천식군에서 흡입성 항원중 Dermatophagoides farinae에 대한 특이 IgE 측정치가 높아짐에 따라 FEV1(r=-0.38, p<0.05)과 FEF25-75%(r=-0.39, p<0.05)이 통계적으로 유의한 감소를 보였다. 대조군에서는 각각의 항원에 대한 특이 IgE 수치와 폐기능 사이에 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 결론적으로 소아 천식 환아에서 Dermatophagoides farinae에 대한 특이 IgE 수치의 증가는 폐기능 감소를 예측할 수 있는 하나의 간접적인 지표로서 의의가 있을 것으로 사료된다. [영문] There have been numerous reports on relationship between exposure to inhalant allergen and reduced pulmonary capacity in adult asthmatic patients, but little has been studied on the relationship between the inhaled allergen-specific IgE and pulmonary function in asthmatic children. This study plans to focus on four major inhaled allergen found in Korea, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, Alternaria, and Cockroach-specific IgE, and evaluate the pulmonary function in association with the amount of the aforementioned allergens. In 26 asthmatic patients and 33 normal children, the amount of specific IgEs for the 4 specified inhaled allergens were detected by employing CAP system FEIA, and the subjects'' FEV1/FVC, FEV1, FEF25-75% were evaluated through pulmonary function test. The results were compared for correlation. In the asthmatic patient group, FEV1 and FEF25-75% were reduced significantly (p <0.05). The asthmatic group also exhibited significant reduction in FEV1(r=-0.38, p<0.05) and FEF25-75%(r=-0.39, p<0.05) in association with the Dermatophagoides farinae - specific allergen. In the comparison group, no significant correlation was detectable between the allergen-specific IgE and results of pulmonary function test. In asthmatic patients, the level of Dermatophagoides farinae - specific IgE can be used as a significant index to suspect reduced pulmonary function.ope

Correlation between inhalant allergen-specific IgE and pulmonary function in children with asthma

Sensitization to aeroallergens is associated with diminished lung function in adults. Little has been studied on the relationship between the inhalant allergen-specific IgE and pulmonary function in asthmatic children. This study was focused on four major inhalant allergens found in Korea, including Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p.), Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f.), and Alternaria- and German cockroach-specific IgEs, with evaluation of pulmonary function in relation to the amount of allergens. The parents or legal guardians of participants enrolled in this study gave informed consent. Fifty-five asthmatic patients and 48 nonasthmatic children were included. The amounts of specific IgE for the four specified inhalant allergens were determined by employing the CAP system FEIA. Forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1, and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC (FEF25–75) of subjects were evaluated through pulmonary function tests. In the asthmatic group, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and FEF25–75 were significantly reduced (P < 0.05): reduction in FEV1 (r = −0.44) and FEF25–75 (r = −0.33) in association with the Der f.-specific allergen, and reduction in FEV1 (r = −0.37) and FEF25–75 (r = −0.34) in association with the Der p.-specific allergen, were observed. However, there was no significant correlation with German cockroach and Alternaria allergen. In the control group, no significant correlation was detectable between the allergen-specific IgE titers and the results of pulmonary function tests. In asthmatic patients, Der p.- and Der f.-specific IgEs, and not German cockroach and Alternaria, seem to play a considerable role in reduced pulmonary function among asthmatic children.restrictio

The Relationship between Fungal Sensitization and Month of Birth in Children with Allergies

ope