Delayed Reconstruction for the Non-Amputative Treatment of Subungual Melanoma

BACKGROUND: In cases of early stage subungual melanoma (SUM), conservative treatment with non-amputative wide excision of the nail unit and subsequent skin graft is preferred over amputation to preserve the involved digit. OBJECTIVE: We report a series of patients with SUM treated with conservative surgery and suggest an effective supplementary treatment process. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 10 patients (2 males, 8 females) who were diagnosed with in situ or minimally invasive SUM on the first biopsy and underwent non-amputative wide excision of the nail unit. All patients underwent secondary intention healing during the histopathological re-evaluation of the entire excised lesion, and additional treatment was administered according to the final report. RESULTS: In two of 10 patients, amputation was performed because of the detection of deep invasion (Breslow thickness: 4.0, 2.3 mm) from the final pathologic results, which differed from the initial biopsy. In six patients who received delayed skin graft, the mean total time required for complete healing after secondary intention healing and the skin graft was 66.83±15.09 days. As a result of this delayed skin graft, the final scarring was similar to the original shape of the nail unit, scored between 5 and 10 on a visual analogue scale. Most patients were satisfied with this conservative surgery except one patient, who had volar portion involvement and received an interpolated flap instead of a skin graft. CONCLUSION: Our treatment process can reduce the risk of incomplete resection and improve cosmetic outcomes in patients with SUM.ope

The Influence of TV Ads Background Music's Familiarity and Fit, and Product Type on Ad Effects

TV 광고의 배경음악은 보편적으로 사용되고 있는 광고의 요소이고, 현대의 광고는 감성적 이미지를 활용하여 소비자에게 메시지를 전달하려는 경향이 높아짐으로써 배경음악의 중요성이 더욱 강화되고 있다. 비록 그 중요성에 비해 관련 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있지는 않지만, 몇 가지 선행 연구들은 배경음악이 광고에 대한 소비자의 반응에 유의한 영향을 미친다는 것을 밝혀왔다. 따라서 본 연구는 이전의 배경음악의 효과에 대한 연구에서 더 나아가, TV 광고에서 배경음악의 특성인 친숙성과 광고와의 적합성이 광고되는 제품유형에 따라 소비자의 광고태도, 상표태도, 그리고 구매의도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 검증하고자 하였다. 배경음악의 친숙성은 ‘소비자가 특정 음악에 대하여 얼마나 익숙한가’하는 개념이며, 광고에서 배경음악의 적합성이란 ‘음악과 중심 광고메시지가 서로 관련 혹은 조화되는 정도에 대한 소비자의 주관적 지각’으로 정의된다. 본 연구는 이러한 두 가지 배경음악 특성의 고/저에 실용적 제품/쾌락적 제품으로 나뉘는 제품유형을 독립변수로 포함하였고, 광고태도, 상표태도, 구매의도를 종속변수로 하여 광고효과를 측정하였다. 실험을 위해 실용적 제품으로 노트북을, 쾌락적 제품으로 향수를 선정하여, 15초 광고가 제작되었고, 여대생 25명을 대상으로 음악 선정을 위한 사전 조사가 실시되었다. 그 결과 음악의 친숙성(고/저) × 적합성(고/저) × 제품유형(실용재/쾌락재) 조건에 맞는 8곡의 음악이 선정되었다. 본 실험은 이화여자대학교 학부생 200명을 대상으로 진행되었으며, 8개의 실험조건에 25명씩 무선할당 되었고, 이들은 5명 이내의 소그룹을 지어 실험에 참여하였다. 실험 결과, 친숙성이 높은 배경음악의 광고는 친숙성이 낮은 배경음악의 광고보다 유의하게 높은 광고태도 점수를 갖는 것으로 나타났고, 광고와의 적합성이 높은 배경음악의 광고가 적합성이 낮은 배경음악의 광고보다 광고태도, 상표태도, 구매의도에서 유의한 차이를 보이며 긍정적으로 평가되었다. 그리고 음악의 친숙성과 적합성 그리고 제품유형의 관계를 알아보기 위한 삼원상호작용효과 분석 결과, 광고되는 제품유형이 실용적 제품일 때는 음악의 친숙성과 상관없이 적합성이 높을 때 광고태도가 높게 나타나는 반면, 쾌락적 제품일 때는 친숙성과 적합성이 높은 배경음악의 광고에서 가장 광고태도가 높았고, 친숙성과 적합성이 낮은 배경음악의 광고에서 광고태도가 가장 낮게 나타났다. 또한 친숙성과 제품유형 간의 이원상호작용은 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았으나, 삼원상호작용에서 적합성을 통제하여 적합성이 높은 경우만을 보았을 때, 실용적 제품에서는 친숙성에 따른 광고태도가 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았고, 쾌락적 제품에서는 친숙성에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 그리고 쾌락적 제품의 광고는 음악의 친숙성이 높을 때가 친숙성이 낮을 때보다 더 높은 광고태도를 보였다. 결국 적합성을 통제하였을 때, 제품 유형에 따라 친숙성의 효과가 다르게 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 분석 결과, 실용적 제품이면서 적합성이 높은 조건일 때 친숙성이 높은 음악보다 오히려 친숙성이 낮은 음악이 광고태도와 상표태도, 구매의도 모두에서 더 높은 점수를 보이는 예상치 못한 경향을 발견하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 기존 선행 연구에서는 일관적인 결과를 얻지 못했던 친숙성의 효과가 광고태도에 대해서 긍정적인 방향으로 유의했음을 확인하였고, 광고 배경음악의 적합성이 높은 수준으로 통제되었을 때, 제품유형에 따라 친숙성이 갖는 광고효과의 차이를 밝혔다. 결국 쾌락적 제품을 광고할 경우에는 사용되는 배경음악의 친숙성과 적합성을 모두 고려하는 것이 바람직한 반면, 실용적 제품을 광고할 때는 광고와의 적합성을 중심으로 배경음악을 선정하되, 여기에 더하여 실용적 제품은 광고와 배경음악의 적합성이 높으면서 친숙성은 낮을 때 가장 큰 광고효과를 갖는다는 것을 고려해야할 것이다. 이러한 결과들은 배경음악 선정 시 사용될 수 있는 구체적이고도 중요한 정보를 실제 광고 제작 현장에 제공한다는 점에서 그 의의를 찾을 수 있겠다.;The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of two characteristics of background music in TV Ads and advertised product type on Ad effects. Thus, the independent variables are the fit and familiarity of background music(high vs. low), and product type(utilitarian vs. hedonic) in TV Ads. All independent variables are between subject variable. To estimate Ad effects, this study use attitude toward the advertising, attitude toward the brand, and purchase intension as the dependent variables. Before the main experiment, the notebook and perfume ads were created. As preparation of choosing Ads background musics for the experiment, the pre-experimental research was held. Trough this, 8 musics were selected. The subjects of current study were 200 students of Ewha Womans University. They participated in the experiment within 5 persons. The results of the study are the following. First, the high familiarity of the ad background music had higher rate in ad attitude, and the high fit had higher rate in ad attitude, brand attitude, and purchase intension. Second, three-way interaction of familiarity × fit × product type was significant. When the product type was utilitarian goods, music with high fit generated high ad attitude regardless of music's familiarity. In case of hedonic goods, when both familiarity and fit were high, ad attitude was the highest, while ad attitude was the lowest when both familiarity and fit were low. Third, two-way interaction of familiarity × product type was not significant. However, when fit of music was controled to high level, utilitarian good didn't show significant difference in music's familiarity, while hedonic good showed significant difference between low and high level of music's familiarity. Lastly, when the treatment condition was high fit and utilitarian good, there was a tendency that low familiarity generated higher ad effects than high familiarity. This is an unexpected result. After considering all the results, the present study reached the following conclusion. In case of creating hedonic products ad, we'd better consider both fit and familiarity of background music. But the selection of utilitarian goods ad music should be based on music's fit. In addition, we should consider that high fit and low familiarity of music on utilitarian good's ad showed the best ad effects. Through the results, this study can offer useful information to make advertisement and to select its background music.Ⅰ. 서론 = 1 II. 이론적 배경 = 3 A. 광고 배경음악 = 3 1. 광고와 비언어적 메시지로서의 음악 = 3 2. 광고 배경음악의 개념과 역할 = 4 3. 광고 배경음악에 관한 선행연구 = 6 B. 광고 배경음악의 특성 = 12 1. 음악의 친숙성 = 12 2. 음악의 적합성 = 14 C. 제품유형 = 16 Ⅲ. 연구 가설 = 20 Ⅳ. 연구 방법 = 23 A. 연구 대상 = 23 B. 실험 설계 = 23 C. 실험 재료 = 23 1. 실험 광고제품 선정 = 23 2. 실험 광고물 제작 = 24 3. 광고 배경음악 선정을 위한 사전조사 = 25 D. 독립변수 = 27 1. 음악의 친숙성 = 27 2. 음악의 적합성 = 27 3. 제품유형 = 28 E. 종속변수 = 29 1. 광고태도 = 29 2. 상표태도 = 29 3. 구매의도 = 30 F. 실험 절차 = 31 Ⅴ. 연구 결과 = 32 A. 조작 체크 = 32 B. 광고태도 = 32 C. 상표태도 = 38 D. 구매의도 = 42 Ⅵ. 논의 = 47 참고문헌 = 53 부록 1. 배경음악 선정 사전조사 질문지 = 58 부록 2. 본 실험 질문지(노트북) = 63 부록 3. 노트북 광고 = 67 부록 4. 향수 광고 = 68 ABSTRACT = 6

의사소통능력 향상을 위한 프로젝트 학습 적용 초등 영어 프로그램 개발

21세기의 세계화, 정보화, 개방화의 시대에 적합한 초등학교 영어 교육은 영어에 대한 아동의 흥미와 관심을 유지하고 의사소통능력의 향상을 위한 기본 바탕을 마련하는데 역점을 두어야 한다. 그러나, 학교 현장에서는 의사소통능력 향상과는 동떨어진 교육이 이루어지고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 의사소통능력 향상의 한 방안으로 프로젝트 학습을 적용한 초등 영어 프로그램을 개발하여 아동들에게 다양한 영어 활동을 통하여 영어 의사소통능력을 향상시키고자 하며, 이를 학교 현장에서 적용할 수 있도록 하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구에서 개발한 프로그램은 Posner & Rudnitsky(1980)의 교육과정 설계 절차에 따라 이루어졌으며, 프로그램 절차에 요구되는 합리적 근거를 현재 초등 영어 교육에 대한 개선과 요구 내용을 학생, 교사, 학부모의 요구조사 분석을 통해서 마련하였으며, 의도한 학습 성과(ILOs)를 분석하며 학생들에게 좀더 실제 상황에 가깝고 자연스럽고 다양하게 의사소통이 일어날 수 있는 장면을 단원(unit)의 주요 과정으로 삼아 단원 설정 및 조직을 하였다. 본 프로그램에서는 한 단원이 4차시로 구성되었으며, 학습 활동으로는 교과서 CD-ROM 활용, 실물자료(authentic materials), 비디오 시청, 내용중심 학습법(content-based learning teaching) 등을 활용하였다. 이렇게 선정된 학습 활동들은 효과적인 수업을 위해 한 단원마다 하나의 프로젝트를 총 4차시로 나누어 Fried-booth(1997)의 학습 단계에 따라 구성하였다. 개발된 프로그램은 강남구에 위치한 D초등학교 5학년 45명을 대상으로 16차시가 8주 동안 실시되었고, 프로그램 평가는 프로그램을 개선하고 타당화하기 위해 프로그램 실시 이전과 이후에 영어 의사소통능력 검사 및 영어능력 검사를 실시하였다. 이 때, 검사 결과는 SPSS/WIN 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 종속(대응)표본 t검정으로 분석하였다. 또한 교사 관찰을 통해 아동의 의사소통능력 향상 정도를 파악하였으며, 프로젝트 일지를 통해 의사소통능력에 대한 아동의 자기 평가 방법을 사용하였다. 의사소통능력 향상을 위한 프로젝트 학습 초등 영어 프로그램의 실시 결과, 사전, 사후 비교에 있어서 프로그램 실시 집단의 영어 의사소통능력 및 영어능력은 통계적으로 유의미한 차이(p<.05)를 보였다. 따라서 본 프로그램은 기존의 교과서, CD-ROM만으로 지도한 수업방법보다 아동의 영어 의사소통능력 향상에 효과가 있다고 할 수 있다. 그리고 교사의 관찰과 아동의 자기 평가지를 분석한 결과, 아동들의 의사소통능력이 향상된 모습을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이는 본 프로그램인 의사소통능력 향상을 위한 프로젝트 학습 프로그램이 우리나라 초등학교 현장의 영어 교육에 대한 학생, 교사, 학부모의 요구에 맞게 영어에 대한 흥미와 관심을 풍부하게 하여 영어 학습에 대한 바람직한 태도를 가지게 함으로써 궁극적으로 아동들의 의사소통능력을 향상시키는데 효과적임을 보여주는 것이다.;Corresponding to a globalized, information-oriented, and open-door society of 21st century, it is English education in elemetary school that has to keep interest and concern about English education, and provide the basis for the communicative competence. However, English education in school connives communicative competence. This study aims at developing project-based learning elementary English program to improve the communicative competence of students and its application in the classroom. Thus, this study will provide a project-based learning English education program our students through various English activity, interest and concern about English education, positive attitude and furthermore English communicative competence, as an effort of improving communicative competence. The program was based on Posner's model of a course design, which needed rationale of curriculum to develop curriculum. This program was set up by deliberating the results of demand survey on learners, curriculum professionals, and society. The rationale of curriculum, analysis of ILOs(Intended Learning Objectives), organization of unit could occur more natural and various to real communicative situation. In the program for developing communicative competence of children, four units were designed. Each unit had four class-hours and selected activities for learning textbook and CD-ROM, authentic materials, watching video, content-based learning teaching and etc. These activities were developed to go through the learning stages of Fried-booth(1997). The developed program was carried out with 45 students of 5th grade in D elemetary school, Gangnam-gu in Seoul for 16 class-hours. The evaluation of the program is carried out communicative competence test which was taken before and after the program to improve communicative competence and prove the validity of test. The results of communicative competence test and English attainment test were analyzed with t-verification using SPSS/WIN statistics program. Also, to look at the more changes of students's communicative competence, the qualitative observation method by teacher, self-examination method by students were used through writing project diary. After the of the program, communicative competence of students showed improvement with statistically meaningful difference(p<.05) by SPSS. Therefore, it showed this program was more useful for development of communicative competence of students than CD-ROM depended on using textbook learning. The result of teachers' qualitative observation students and students' self-examinations proves the positive change in students' overall recognition and attitudes to English class in school. This shows that the project-based learning elementary English program is effective in improving communicative competence of students, enriching interest and concern in English, and changing attitude to English learning positively.논문개요 = ⅷ Ⅰ. 서론 = 1 A. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 = 1 B. 연구문제 = 3 Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 = 4 A. 의사소통능력과 7차 교육과정 = 4 1. 의사소통능력 = 4 2. 7차 초등영어 교육과정 = 11 B. 프로젝트 학습 = 14 1. 프로젝트 학습의 역사적 배경 = 14 2. 프로젝트 학습의 의미 = 16 3. 프로젝트 학습의 특징 = 18 4. 프로젝트 학습의 교수-학습 단계 = 19 C. Posner & Rudnitsky의 교육과정 개발 모형 = 23 D. 선행연구 = 32 Ⅲ. 연구 방법 = 36 A. 연구 대상 = 36 B. 연구 설계 = 37 C. 연구 절차 = 38 D. 프로그램 개발 및 검증 = 40 Ⅳ. 프로그램의 실제 및 결과 = 72 A. 프로그램의 실제 = 72 B. 결과 = 88 Ⅴ. 결론 및 제언 = 102 A. 결론 = 102 B. 시사점과 제언 = 105 참고문헌 = 108 부록 = 116 ABSTRACT = 14

Comparison of Conventional and Good Agricultural Practices Farms

학위논문(석사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 국제농업기술대학원 국제농업기술학과, 2023. 8. 김태윤.Thailand is one of the major countries in exporting rice, but the production does not reach to high level because of the large prevalence accounting for more than 60% of lowland rainfed rice. Therefore, Thailand has largely focused on increasing higher productivity by applying chemical fertilizers and pesticides. In order to ensure foods safety, Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) was introduced in the early 2000s in Thailand. This study aims to identify the effect of production-related seed and input (fertilizer, pesticide and herbicide) information on rice production in Conventional Agriculture (CA) and GAP farms. This study was conducted in 9 provinces in the Central and Northeast Plains that produce nearly 70% of rice in Thailand. A total of 642 farms were surveyed in 2022, consisting of 338 CA and 304 GAP farms. In addition, it studies a causal relationship using the source of information as an instrumental variable to solve endogeneity in which information usage might be increased due to high rice production, vice versa. The results show that most farmers gain information from community leaders by 43% to 45%, farm group leaders by 21% to 31%, and members in farm groups by 8% to 12% both within and beyond the village. Based on the farm-level production function, when agricultural land size, labor, and input cost increase by 1%, rice production increases by 0.87%, 0.03%, and 0.01% for CA farms, respectively. For GAP farms, when agricultural land size, labor, and machine cost increase by 1%, rice production increases by 0.84%, 0.08%, and 0.06%, respectively. When farmers use the input and seed information, it increases rice production by 0.06% for GAP farms on average. However, seed information doesnt affect CA farms, and only input information does have an impact on rice production by 0.07%. This means that GAP farmers are more willing to reflect seed and input information in their production than CA farmers. Therefore, CA should be provided with incentives to increase attendance in rice training and even designate leading farms next to CA farms in order to promote the utilization of agricultural information that can lead to an increase in rice production. However, when referring to farm inputs and production-related information, it resulted to have a similar impact in increasing rice production in Thailand. Therefore, information will be as effective as the cost of labor.Chapter 1. Introduction ７ Chapter 2. Literature Review ９ 2.1. Determinants of Rice Production in Thailand ９ 2.2. Status of Good Agricultural Practices in Thailand 12 2.3. Role of Information on Farm Production 15 Chapter 3. Theory 21 Chapter 4. Data and Procedure 23 4.1. Study Area 23 4.2. Data Collection and Sampling Method 24 4.3. Variables and Descriptive Statistics 25 4.4. Empirical Model 30 Chapter 5. Result and Discussion 33 5.1. Results of Rice Farms in Thailand 33 5.2. Results of Conventional and GAP Rice Farms in Thailand 35 Chapter 6. Conclusion 39 References 40 Abstract (Korean) 48 Appendix 50석

Environmental Management State and Performance factors of Paper Industry in Korea

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 산림과학부, 2014. 8. 윤여창.본 연구는 환경경영의 시행이 기업가치를 높일 수 있다는 문제의식에서 시작하였다. 연구목적은 환경경영 시행 기업의 경영성과 확인이다. 환경성과와 재무성과의 관계, 환경경영 실태, 그리고 효과적인 환경경영을 위한 필수요인을 각각 양•질적 연구, 그리고 질적 비교연구 접근에서 관찰 및 분석하였다. 첫째, 환경경영의 결과로 상정한 환경성과변수와 기업의 재무성과 간 관계를 기업의 규모와 레버리지 비율을 통제하여 검증한 결과, 환경효율성 지표인 탄소생산성과 수익성지표인 매출액수익률과 총자산순이익률은 시차 1년을 기준으로 정(+)의 관련성을 보였으며, 역의 관계도 유의하였다. 둘째, 제지업종 내 우수한 재무성과와 오랜 환경경영 역사를 보인 기업들의 경영성과와 환경경영의 관련성에 대한 조사결과, 공통적으로 환경경영 시행단계에서 기업윤리와 기업정신과 같은 비재무적 성과에 비중을 두어 장기적인 안목으로 환경경영을 전략적으로 선택하였고, 환경경영의 평가단계에서 높은 재무성과에도 영향을 주었다고 응답하였다. 환경경영이 잘 시행되고 있는 사례에서는 공통적으로 환경경영의 시행단계에서 적극적인 국내/외 인증, 신기술 개발, 기업의 사회적 책임활동이 관찰되었다. 셋째, 효과적인 환경경영의 필수요인 도출을 위해 앞선 두 연구결과를 활용하여 비교 분석한 결과, 자사의 만족스러운 환경경영을 위한 필수 요인은 기업윤리 준수나 기업정신 계승과 같은 비재무성과, 적극적인 국외 인증 확보, 그리고 사회적 책임활동이었다. 본 연구를 통하여 기업의 경제성과 환경성을 동시에 추구하는 환경경영 기업윤리에 바탕을 두어 장기적인 관점에서 전략적으로 시행 될 경우, 경영성과와 환경성과가 상호 선순환 관계로 형성되어 기업 본연의 목적인 수익성과 함께 기업 외부의 평판과 내부 만족도 향상이라는 부가적 이득까지 확보할 수 있음을 확인하였다.In case of enhancing the value of the firm by through environmental management, this study verified the relationship between environmental management result and firm performance in terms of direct causation. Each research hypothesis used a quantitative and qualitative method, and applied a qualitative comparative study. They will be shown later. Hypothesis 1 [H1] is that higher environmental performance shows greater financial performance, especially in terms of profitability. Hypothesis 2 [H2] is that a companys achievement of greater environmental management enhances firm performance. Hypothesis 3 [H3] is that there are some necessary conditions for an effective environmental management. Each of the conclusions drawn from the research questions came to a common conclusion that the environmental management paradigm shift phenomenon plays a certain role in real business field. There are three main findings of this study. First, there is an interrelationship between ROS (Return On Sales), ROA (Return on Assets), which are measure of success in financial performance and carbon intensity, which is a measure of eco-efficiency measures. The relations and effect has been proven to have reverse relationship. Especially, this study differed from other past studiesit added an annual time concept. 1 year gap exists before and after a set standardized time. This can show the effect between the profitability index and carbon intensity index. This is very fundamental step to environmental management and enhancement of economic performance for corporate. Second, through conducting case study of main firms which were implementing environmental management in paper industry, it has been found that they had advanced views on the future business environment change and prepared business strategy to maintain business ethics. 12 questionnaires which are composed of 12 items according business activity phase plan-do-see showed telling results. They are familiar to a theoretical stance which is based on entrepreneurship-oriented long-term view called, corporate sustainability management.All respondents answered that at the plan stage, they carried out the non-financial performance to keep business ethics, enterprise spirit, and to follow governments policy. Actually, they are doing various environmental management activities like corporate social activities, achievement of certifications of national and international scale and system management. Korean companies would acquire global certifications of ISO14001 series from a institute named ISO (International Organizations for Standardization) , and also would acquire FM (Forest Management) and CoC (Chain of Custody) from a institute named FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) as many as they could, which was a remarkable thing. Because these certificates are fundamental and tangible, Korean companies concentrated at getting them in the interest of expanding overseas market, particularly advanced countries such as EU union, Canada, and Australia. Third, conducted by a Boolean analysis of QCA (qualitative comparative analysis), this study found necessary conditions for effective environmental management. Dependant Variable as a outcome equals to satisfaction of each firm, and explanatory variables such as structured conditions followed plan-do-see sequences. At the plan stage, there are 3 suggested conditions: adhering to the policy from a basic viewpoint, predicting financial performance in terms of economic value of the firm, and giving weight to a non-financial performance for the firms reputation, image, or vision. At the action phase, similar sorts of conditions are shown: reporting real environmental pollution study and diversified fluctuated business circumstances, and sharing internal resources of the firm with neighbor, customers, and subcontractors. The QCA found out that the main condition is focusing on non-financial firm performance such as business ethics and enterprise spirit. Other conditions can be divided into two cases concerning environmental management carried out at the present. Research respondent companies conducting environmental management and satisfied with the situation were focused on non-financial performance at the plan stage, achieved a variety of environmental certifications and carried out many corporate social activities. Especially, higher satisfaction level revealed higher quality of environmental management. Because all conditions were considered at all phases of the business activity, there was accurate concentration and distribution of enterprise resources using by collaborative multitude knowledge. In other parts, biased results were found. The main cause is oriented respondents lack of knowledge about the environmental management. Besides, observation of all cases pointed out necessary conditions from different context of combined combinations. Firms achieve appropriate level of environmental management when they maintain and handle the environmental performances consistently, have a pure ethical intent and develop their own vision about environmental management. In conclusion, this study suggests that what makes a good company is quality environmental management. Because of final outcome, as a good company can get great environmental management performance, and adversely. This is included financial performance and non-financial performance, which is made by the positive feedback from each other. There are necessary conditions for effective environmental management, when the company takes on non-financial performance instead of financial performance at the starting point of environmental management, such as sustaining corporate social activities and acquiring various environmental certifications for certain client targets.목 차 제 1 장 서 론 1 제 1 절 연구의 배경 및 목적 1 제 2 절 연구의 대상 및 범위, 방법 3 제 3 절 논문의 구성 6 제 2 장 이 론 적 고 찰 8 제 1 절 환경경영 8 1. 환경경영의 개념 8 2. 환경경영에 대한 관점 9 2.1 환경경영에 대한 전략적 접근 9 2.2 환경경영의 제약 요인 11 2.3 환경경영의 효익(效益) 12 3. 환경경영과 경영성과에 관한 선행연구 15 3.1 국외연구 15 3.2 국내연구 19 제 2 절 환경성과 20 1. 환경성과의 유형 20 2. 환경성과지표의 속성 22 3. 환경효율성 지표 23 제 3 장 연 구 방 법 25 제 1 절 연구질문 25 제 2 절 연구모형 25 1. 질적비교방법의 이해 25 2. 불리언질적비교분석의 이해 27 제 3 절 분석방법별 모형수립 및 적용절차 30 1. 표본 및 자료수집 30 2. 연구모형 및 변수설정 31 제 4 장 결 과 및 고 찰 36 제 1 절 탄소생산성과 수익성지표 간 관계 36 제 2 절 환경경영활동과 경영성과의 관계 38 1. 환경경영 실태 39 2. 경영자들이 중요시하는 환경경영 활동 45 제 3 절 효과적인 환경경영 요인 50 1. 효과적인 환경경영활동 51 2. 효과적인 환경경영의 필수요인 52 제 5 장 결 론 및 제 언 62 제 1 절 요약 및 결론 62 제 2 절 연구의 한계 및 향후 연구과제 65 참고문헌 67 부록1. 환경경영과 경영성과에 관한 설문 74 부록2. 효과적인 환경경영 요인 파악을 위한 질문 81 Abstract 82Maste

Cilostazol inhibits the expression of hnRNP A2/B1 and cytokines in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells

Objectives: hnRNP A2/B1 has been identified as a target antigen of anti-endothelial cell IgA antibody in patients with Behçet's disease (BD). In addition, increased expression of cellular hnRNP A2/B1 is stimulated by Streptococcus sanguinis or the sera from patients with BD. We aimed to investigate the effects of cilostazol on the expression of hnRNP A2/B1 and chemokines in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs). Methods: Expression of hnRNP A2/B1, cytokines, and chemokines in HDMECs was induced by tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). HDMECs were treated with cilostazol (10 μM) and the inhibitory effects were evaluated with real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry. Results: Expression of hnRNP A2/B1, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL8, and IL-1β mRNA was significantly increased in HDMECs treated with all three stimulants. In addition, mRNA expression of hnRNP A2/B1 and inflammatory mediators was significantly inhibited in HDMECs treated with various stimulants with cilostazol pretreatment. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated that cilostazol pretreatment effectively inhibited the stimulant-induced increased expression of hnRNP A2/B1 in the nucleus and cytoplasm of HDMECs. Conclusions: Cilostazol pretreatment can reduce the excessive expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and hnRNP A2/B1 by the BD-related stimulants, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and LPS, in HDMECs. We suggest that cilostazol may have therapeutic efficacy in inhibiting the major inflammatory reaction in the pathogenesis of BD.restrictio

베체트병 환자의 결절 홍반양 병변에서의 미세절제를 통한 국소 염증성 사이토카인의 정량적 연구

Dept. of Medicine/석사Introduction: Behçet’s disease (BD) is a chronic multisystemic inflammatory disease characterized by oral ulcer, genital ulcer, ocular lesions and skin involvements. Cutaneous manifestations are common in BD, and previous studies reported that erythema nodosum (EN)-like lesions in BD are histologically different from classical EN. Immunologically, both Th1 and Th17 mediated cytokines are important in skin lesions of BD, but specific cytokine profiles at panniculus in EN-like lesions have not been studied. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) is a recently developed technique which enables delicate analysis of specific cell populations within tissue samples. In this study, we tried to identify the dominant cytokine milieu at the inflammatory foci of EN-like skin lesion in BD using LCM.Methods: A total of 12 BD patients fulfilling the International Study Group for BD criteria were enrolled, and 18 skin samples including non-lesional skin tissues were taken. Inflammatory foci within panniculus were excised using LCM, and the levels of mRNA expression of cytokines were measured by quantitative RT-PCR.Results: Inflammatory foci of EN-like lesion of BD showed increased mRNA expression of IFN-γ, IL-17A and IL-10 compared with non-lesional skin. The overall mRNA levels of IFN-γ and IL-17 in the EN-like skin lesions from patients who were taking systemic medication were significantly lower than those from patients who were not treated. When the EN-like lesions were further divided into acute and resolving lesions, there was significantly increased expression of IFN-γ and IL-17A in the acute EN-like lesions.Conclusion: Microdissection of the inflammatory foci within EN-like BD skin lesions showed Th1- and Th17-biased cytokine milieu. IFN-γ and IL-17A were significantly elevated in active EN-like skin lesions. Cytokine levels of IL-10 and IL-4 were also slightly elevated, although it did not reach statistical significance.ope

단주거래 실시가 주주수의 증가와 유동성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :경영학과 경영학전공,2000.Maste

Clinical significance of serum YKL-40 in Behçet disease.

BACKGROUND: Serum YKL-40 is an inflammatory biomarker of endothelial dysfunction and may play a role in the inflammatory process of Behçet disease (BD). OBJECTIVES: Serum YKL-40 levels were evaluated in patients with BD in order to identify associations with other inflammatory cytokines and establish laboratory parameters. Serum YKL-40 levels were also compared with BD clinical features and disease activity. METHODS: In total, 112 patients with BD and 45 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were included. Disease activity was assessed with BD Current Activity Form score and Electronic Medical Record-based Activity Index (EMRAI) score. RESULTS: Serum YKL-40 levels were significantly higher in patients with BD (median 41·88, range 12·52-171·30 ng mL(-1) ) than in healthy volunteers (median 20·92, range 5·01-64·20 ng mL(-1) ; P < 0·01). The cut-off value for YKL-40 (30·005 ng mL(-1) ) was determined from the receiver operating characteristic curve. EMRAI scores and the proportion of patients in the active phase of BD presenting with two or more major criteria were significantly higher in patients with elevated YKL-40 levels (P = 0·04 and P = 0·04, respectively). A statistically significant elevation in YKL-40 levels was observed in patients with active BD compared with patients with inactive BD (P = 0·05). Serum YKL-40 values were positively correlated with interleukin-6 and EMRAI scores (both P = 0·04), indicating that serum YKL-40 levels are increased in patients with BD and positively correlate with disease activity. CONCLUSIONS: YKL-40 may play a role in the pathophysiology of BD and provide a useful marker for monitoring patients with BD.restrictio

Layered discrete event simulation method for prediction and management of production schedule

본 발명은, 예를 들면, 조선, 건설, 토목 및 플랜트 등과 같이, 거대하고 복잡한 구조물을 제작하기 위해 다양한 방식의 생산 시스템이 혼재하는 거대 주문생산형 시스템에 있어서, 생산기간 및 비용을 정확히 예측하여 공정 계획을 수립함으로써 전체 생산 일정을 효율적으로 관리하기 위한 방법에 관한 것으로, 본 발명에 따르면, 시뮬레이션을 통하여 생산기간 및 비용을 정확히 예측하고 공정 계획을 수립하는 것에 의해 전체 생산 일정을 효율적으로 관리하기 위해, 객체지향적인 모델링 방법인 이산 사건 시스템 명세(Discrete Event System Specification, DEVS) 기반 모델링 기법에 근거하여, 데이터의 종류 및 양에 따라 적절하게 구성된 모델을 계층적이고 독립적인 구조로 생성하여 정보의 제약 및 변동에 유연하게 대처할 수 있도록 구성되는 계층적 이산사건 시뮬레이션(Layered Discrete Event Simulation ; Layered DES)의 프레임워크(Framework) 및 이를 이용한 시뮬레이션 방법이 제공된다