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    A Sociocultural History of Newspaper Audience in the Era of Park Chung-Hee Regime

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    ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฐ•์ •ํฌ ์ •๊ถŒ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ๋ฌธ ๋…์ž์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ํ–‰๋™, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ์–ธ๋ก  ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ •์น˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์–ธ๋ก ์ด ์ฒ ์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ†ต์ œ๋˜๊ณ , ์–ธ๋ก ์€ ์ด์— ํ˜‘์กฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์—๋งŒ ๋ชฐ๋‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์ด์ž ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ๊ณผ ๋น„ํŒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๋…์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ฃผ๋œ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์€ ์ฒซ์งธ๋Š” ์ •์น˜์  ์ •๋ณด์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ๊ณผ ๋น„ํŒ์˜ ์‹ค์ข…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋‘˜์งธ๋Š” ์‹ ๋ฌธ์˜ ํš์ผํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋…์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ตฌ๋… ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€๋ผ๋Š” ์†Œ๊ทน์  ๋Œ€์‘์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ์ข… ์‹œ์œ„์—์„œ ์–ธ๋ก ์„ ๊ทœํƒ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธ‰๊ธฐ์•ผ๋Š” ํ™”ํ˜•์‹๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฒŒ์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋…์ž๋“ค์€ ์–ธ๋ก ์ธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์ผ๋ง์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ํ–‰๊ฐ„ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋‚ณ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋…์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋Š” ใ€Ž๋™์•„์ผ๋ณดใ€์˜ ๊ด‘๊ณ  ํƒ„์•• ์‚ฌํƒœ์—์„œ ์˜๊ฒฌ ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ•์ •ํฌ ์ •๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ์–ธ๋ก  ํƒ„์••๊ณผ ๋Œ€๊ตญ๋ฏผ ์„ ์ „์€ ์œ ์–ธ๋น„์–ด์˜ ํšกํ–‰์„ ๋‚ณ๊ณ  ๋ ˆ๋“œ ์ฝคํ”Œ๋ ‰์Šค๋ฅผ ์‹ฌํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์นธ๋ง‰์ด ๋ฌธํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋‚ณ์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์˜ ํƒ„์••๊ณผ ํšŒ์œ  ์†์— ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ์–ธ๋ก ์˜ ๊ถŒ์œ„์ฃผ์˜์  ํƒœ๋„๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™” ๊ตญ๋ฉด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ์ฒด์ œ ์†์—์„œ๋„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ทน๋ณต๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์‹ ๋ฌธ์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ฌํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์š”์ธ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. This paper investigates the sociocultural history of newspaper audience in the era of Park Chung-Hee Regime. Because the mass media of that time was tightly controlled by the political power and devoted to only the commercial growth, the complaint and criticism of newspaper audience were remarkably increased. The main complaint of the audience was that the shortage of political information and the vacuum of critique to the political power. In addition audience had strong discontent to the homogeneity of newspaper contents which was an outcome of the cartel between major newspaper corporations. The reactions of audience contains the stop of subscription, impeachment in the demonstration by university students and the burning to death of the media in the public space. Meanwhile the audience had created the new type of reading between the lines. The severe press control and propaganda of Park chung-Hee Regime resulted in the overflow of rumors, deepening of overreaction for communism and new communication pattern in the compartmented rooms

    Historical Origin of the Korean Audience Movement after the Liberation from Japanese Colonial Domination: With Special Reference to the Donation Campaign to Aid the Kookje-sinbo in 1961

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    ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 1961๋…„ 4์›” ๋ถ€์‚ฐ์˜ ใ€Œ๊ตญ์ œ์‹ ๋ณดใ€๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„์ ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์˜๋‚œ์œผ๋กœ ์šฉ์ง€๋ฅผ ์กฐ๋‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด ์‹ ๋ฌธ์„ ํœด๊ฐ„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํƒœ์— ์ด๋ฅด์ž ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์„œ์„œ ์‹ ๋ฌธ ๋•๊ธฐ ์šด๋™์„ ์ „๊ฐœํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹œ ์ด ์šด๋™์€ 4์›” ํ•˜์ˆœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 5์›” ์ดˆ์ˆœ๊นŒ์ง€ 6์ผ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋…์ž๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๊ฒฉ๋ ค ํŽธ์ง€, ๊ฒฉ๋ ค ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ „๊ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ์ธต์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณ„์ธต๊ณผ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์„ฑ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ธ 89๊ฑด์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค ์ค‘ 48.3%๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ€ 7.9%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ด ์šด๋™์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๊ฐœ๋œ ์šด๋™์ด์—ˆ์Œ์„ ๋งํ•ด ์ค€๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค ๋‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ธ๋ก ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ญํ• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธ์ •์  ์ธ์‹์ด ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์ถ”์–ด๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์ด ์šด๋™์€ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ธ๋ก ์„ ์ง€์ง€, ํ›„์›ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ž์šด๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋…ผ์˜์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•ด๋ฐฉ ์ดํ›„ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ž์šด๋™์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋…ผํ•  ๋•Œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ 1964๋…„ ์–ธ๋ก ์œค๋ฆฌ์œ„์›ํšŒ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์šด๋™์„ ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ด๋ณด๋‹ค 3๋…„ ์•ž์„œ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง„ ใ€Œ๊ตญ์ œ์‹ ๋ณดใ€ ๋•๊ธฐ ์šด๋™์„ ํ•ด๋ฐฉ ์ดํ›„ ์–ธ๋ก  ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ž์šด๋™์˜ ํšจ์‹œ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. The purpose of this study is to discuss on the historical origin of the Korean audience movement after the liberation from Japanese colonial domination. Most related studies suggest that the audience movement in Korea originated from the movement against the Act of Press Ethics Committee in 1964. But this study analyzed a historical cases before that time from the viewpoint of audience movement. The case analyzed in this study is the donation campaign by readers to aid the Kookjeโ€sinbo in Busan which could not help suspending publication because of a financial predicament in 1961. The campaign was originated by a ordinary citizen of Busan. It was reported by the Kookjeโ€sinbo in the recovery edition on 27th April, 1961. Through an another article of that edition the newspaper appealed to readers for support and encouragement. This resulted in the spreading of the donation campaign. The number of people participated the campaign were 89. The 48.9% of them were ordinary citizens, and the 7.9% were civic groups. This means that the campaign was initiated by ordinary citizens voluntarily and this campaign can be recognized as a audience movement. The conclusion of this study suggests that the historical origin of Korean audience movement after the liberation is not the movement against the Act of Press Ethics Committee in 1964, but the donation campaign by readers to aid the Kookjeโ€sinbo in 1961.์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ž์œ ๊ณผ์ œ ํ•™์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„(2๋…„)์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ

    ๋ฐ•์ •ํฌ ์ •๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ธด๊ธ‰์กฐ์น˜์™€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์–ธ๋ก  ์ž์œ 

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    ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฐ•์ •ํฌ ์ •๊ถŒ์ด ์œ ์‹  ์‹œ์ ˆ ๊ธด๊ธ‰์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋™์›ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์–ธ๋ก ์ž์œ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฒ ์ €ํžˆ ์–ต์••ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋…ผํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ•์ •ํฌ ์ •๊ถŒ์˜ ์–ธ๋ก  ํ†ต์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋Œ€์ค‘ ๋งค์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ผํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ•์ •ํฌ ์ •๊ถŒ์˜ ์–ธ๋ก  ํ†ต์ œ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ค‘ ๋งค์ฒด ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฐœ์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๊ธด๊ธ‰์กฐ์น˜๋ผ๋Š” ์–ต์•• ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋™์›ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์ž…์— ์žฌ๊ฐˆ์„ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ๋ ค ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐํ˜€์ง„ ๋ฐ”์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ธด๊ธ‰์กฐ์น˜ ์œ„๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์†๋˜์–ด ์žฌํŒ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ด 1,140๋ช…์— ์ด๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ์ด์ค‘ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ฐ€์˜ ์‹œ์œ„๋‚˜ ์žฌ์•ผ ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด 282๋ช…์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‹๋‹น์ด๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์ , ๊ฐ€์ •์ง‘, ๋ฒ„์Šค๋‚˜ ํƒ์‹œ ๋“ฑ ๋‚ด๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ํ•œ ๋ง ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ตฌ์†๋˜์–ด ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค ๊ธด๊ธ‰์กฐ์น˜ ์œ„๋ฐ˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์ „๊ตญ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ณ„์ธต์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ‰๊ท  1๋…„ 8.6๊ฐœ์›”์˜ ์ง•์—ญ ์‚ด์ด์™€ 1๋…„ 10.1 ๊ฐœ์›”์˜ ์ž๊ฒฉ์ •์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์‹œ์™€ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ์˜ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋™์›ํ•œ ๊ณตํฌ ์ •์น˜์— ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์— ๋–จ๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐ€์‹ค๋กœ ์›€์ธ ๋Ÿฌ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์œ ์–ธ๋น„์–ด๋ฅผ ์—„๋‹จํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์žก์•„ ๊ฐ€๋‘๊ณค ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์œ ์–ธ๋น„์–ด๋Š” ์€๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋”์šฑ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‚ด๋ฐ€ํ•œ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค ์†์—์„œ ์ •์น˜์  ๋น„ํŒ๊ณผ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์„ ๊ธ€๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์œผ๋กœ ํ† ๋กœํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์‹์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์˜† ์ž๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋œ ์นธ๋ง‰์ด ์†์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ์•ผ ์ฃผ์œ„ ๋ˆˆ์น˜ ์•ˆ ์‚ดํ”ผ๊ณ  ๋™๋ฃŒ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”์  ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค

    A Study of the Foundation Process and Operation of Hanseong Shinbo

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    A Study on the Impacts of American TV Industry on the Introduction of TV in Korea

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