Study on the Silver Generation's Physical Characteristics-considered Underwear Design : Centering on the introduction of universal design concept

As the global community is aging, so is Korea changing into an aging society of which the populational proportion of the elderly increases with the advanced modern medicine-based average life span elongation and a low birth rate. This aging society makes the elderly desire to plan their healthy and pleasant declining years in general, and rapidly grows a silver business of products and services that satisfy aged people's desires. In addition to that, such user-centered designs as a universal design appear to satisfy diverse and specified life desires of human beings, based on the deep understanding of its users. Thus, the alteration of populational composition, due to aging, has brought a lot of changes to the fashion business. Having been led by the younger generation in the past, the fashion business now becomes a promising growth and sensitive business that satisfying aged people's increasing purchase of clothes, and making carry out a variety of studies on the physical characteristics of the elderly, in order for its marketing pattern to satisfy aged people's preferred styles. In addition, with the increase of aged people's consumption power and their diverse desires, the vision of underwear is evaluated very positively even to the extent that it is selected as a promising business category in the elder-friendly business. Although underwear is a primary clothing that supplements physical functions, its production has not been fully based on the design that taking aged people's ever-changing physical conditions into consideration. In this vein, the aim of this study was to examine silver generation's aging-oriented physical changes, and then work out their underwear production process and design modality by introducing a universal design principle and process―a general design concept of underwear. Study findings are as follows: First, an underwear market must be shaped in consideration of silver generation's physical conditions. Second, the production process of universal design must be applied to silver generation's underwear design as a basic concept. Third, the principle of universal design can be applied to silver generation's physical characteristics-considered underwear design in a concrete manner. Coming to the fore as a social issue due to aging, the silver generation cannot but experience a lot of physical, mental, and psychological problems in their everyday life. In this regard, the universal design, which is based on the understanding and consideration of users, can be a foundation to settle silver generation's problems and satisfy their diverse desires. A necessary thing to do so through design will be the communication between consumers and business entities. The universal design can solve aged people's physical problems and provide an opportunity for the expansion of other markets of which users are people in every walk of life as well. And it will achieve business entities' fundamental purpose of profit creation and enhance their corporate image, on the basis of reliability.;범세계적인 고령화 추세 속에서 21세기의 한국 또한 현대의학의 발달을 통한 평균수명의 연장과 출산저하로 인해 인구구조상의 고령자 인구의 비율이 점차 증가되는 고령화 사회로의 변화를 겪고 있다. 이러한 인구의 고령화는 고령자들의 사회 전반에 걸친 건강하고 쾌적한 노후를 설계하고자하는 욕구를 증가시켰으며 그러한 욕구를 만족시키는 제품 및 서비스산업, 곧 실버산업의 급성장을 이루었다. 또한 디자인적 측면에 있어서도 더욱 다양하고 구체적인 인간의 삶의 욕구를 충족시키기 위한 사용자를 깊이 있게 이해하는 유니버설디자인과 같은 사용자 중심적 사고의 변화를 필요로 하게 되었다. 고령화로 인한 인구구조의 변화는 패션산업에 있어서도 많은 변화를 가져오고 있다. 기존의 젊은 층에 의해 주도되어 오던 패션산업은 50대 이상의 중장년층의 의복구매율 증가추세에 따라 고령자들을 대상으로 하는 패션 마케팅의 변화는 물론, 고령자의 신체적 특성을 고려한 다각적인 연구를 통해 고령자의 욕구를 만족시키는 감성산업으로 새로운 기회의 성장산업으로 거듭나고 있다. 또한 실버세대의 소비력 증가와 다양해지는 욕구로 언더웨어는 고령친화산업의 성공유망종목으로 선정될 만큼 그 전망에 있어서 긍정적으로 평가되고 있다. 그러나 패션산업 가운데 언더웨어는 신체기능의 보완적 역할을 하는 1차적인 의복임에도 불구하고 고령자의 변화하는 신체적 조건에 대응하는 디자인을 바탕으로 하는 시장형성은 아직 미흡하다. 이와 같은 필요성에 따라 본 연구에서는 실버세대의 노화에 따른 신체적인 변화를 파악하고 이를 보완하기 위한 언더웨어의 디자인에 있어서 보편적인 디자인 개념인 유니버설 디자인의 프로세스와 원리를 도입하여 실버세대의 언더웨어 제품화과정과 구체적인 디자인 방법 안을 마련하고자 하였다. 첫째, 본 연구에서는 이론적 배경을 통하여 실버세대의 신체적 특성을 고려한 언더웨어 시장형성의 필요성을 인식하였다. 둘째, 실버세대 언더웨어 디자인의 기본개념으로 유니버설 디자인의 제품화 프로세스를 분석하고 이를 적용하였다. 셋째, 노화로 인한 신체적 특성을 고려한 언더웨어 디자인의 구체적 방법 안을 유니버설 디자인의 원리에 따라 적용하여 제안하였다. 고령화로 인해 사회적인 이슈로 떠오르고 있는 실버세대는 신체적, 정신적, 심리적인 차원에서 일상생활에 많은 문제점을 겪게 되며 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위한 사용자에 대한 이해와 배려를 바탕으로 하는 유니버설 디자인은 고령자의 다양한 욕구를 만족시키는 디자인의 근간이 될 것이다. 이를 실천하기 위해서는 디자인에 있어서 소비자와 기업 간의 간격을 좁히기 위한 끊임없는 대화가 필수적이라 할 수 있다. 이러한 유니버설 디자인의 관점은 고령자들에 대한 신체적 문제해결을 넘어서 사용자 모두를 대상으로 하는 또 다른 시장 확장의 기회를 마련하게 되는 계기가 될 것이며 이윤창출이라는 근본 목적은 물론 신뢰도를 바탕으로 기업이미지의 가치를 높이는 구심점이 될 것이다.１. 서론 = 1 １.１ 연구의 필요성 = 1 １.２ 연구의 목적 = 3 １.３ 연구의 방법 및 절차 = 3 ２. 연구의 시대적 배경 = 5 ２.１ 고령화 사회의 도래와 전망 = 5 ２.１.１ 인구구조의 변화추이 = 5 ２.１.２ 고령화 현상의 원인과 추세 = 6 ２.１.３ 고령화로 인한 사회변화 = 9 ２.２ 디자인 패러다임의 변화 = 10 ２.２.１ 디자인 가치개념의 변화 = 10 ２.２.２ 유니버설디자인의 사회적 의미 = 11 ３. 실버세대를 위한 언더웨어 시장의 기회탐색 = 13 ３.１ 실버 마켓의 성장 = 14 ３.２ 고령화에 따른 패션시장의 변화 = 21 ３.３ 실버 패션산업에 있어서의 언더웨어 시장전망 = 29 ４. 연구를 위한 이론적 고찰 = 35 ４.１ 실버세대의 일반적 이해 = 35 ４.１.１ 실버세대의 정의 = 35 ４.１.２ 신체적, 정신적, 심리적 특성의 변화 = 36 ４.１.３ 현 실버세대의 가치관 = 43 ４.２ 유니버설 디자인의 이론적 고찰 = 45 ４.２.１ 유니버설 디자인의 이해 = 45 ４.２.２ 유니버설 디자인의 원리별 제품사례 = 53 ４.２.３ 유니버설 디자인의 시장 확장사례 : 일본 = 60 ５. 실버세대의 신체적 특성을 고려한 언더웨어 디자인방안 = 64 ５.１ 실버세대를 위한 언더웨어 디자인의 개념 = 64 ５.２ UD적 관점에서의 언더웨어 제품화 프로세스 = 65 ５.３ UD의 원리를 도입한 언더웨어 디자인방안 = 69 ５.３.１ 유니버설디자인 원리의 적용 = 69 ５.３.２ 신체적 특성을 고려한 디자인 방안 = 70 ６. 결론 및 제안점 = 84 참고문헌 = 87 ABSTRACT = 9

Experience of fathers of neonates with congenital heart disease in South Korea

Background Although the 1st month is critical for establishing fatherhood, rare studies have focused on this topic. Objective To understand experiences of fathers of neonates with congenital heart disease. Methods Descriptive phenomenology study. Results The fathers were initially unaware of the seriousness of their neonates' condition. After they learned about it, they felt despair. They experienced guilt regarding their neonates' diagnosis and tried to take full responsibility for the situation to save their family from crisis. Furthermore, they were anxious because they could not do anything except wait for surgery. Their despair turned into gratitude postoperatively, and they developed positive views. Despite intending to be caring and affectionate, they returned to their socially assigned role as providers and passed on the caregiver role to the mothers. Conclusion Healthcare providers should assess anxiety levels and support fathers of neonates with congenital heart disease to help them develop their paternal role. © 2017 Elsevier Inc

A Mobile Healing Program Using Virtual Reality for Sexual Violence Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Background: Many young women suffer from sexual violence, but few practice self-healing activities. Aims: This study evaluated the feasibility and preliminary effects of a mobile virtual intervention, Sister, I will tell you!©, to heal young women after sexual violence in South Korea. Methods: A mobile virtual intervention, Sister, I will tell you!©, was developed based on a literature review and preliminary studies. In collaboration with sexual violence survivors and experts, eight modules for reflective writing and six modules for mindfulness meditation were included in this 4-week mobile virtual intervention. Thirty-four female sexual violence survivors were randomly assigned to either experimental (n = 19) or control groups (n = 15). The experimental group practiced reflective writing and mindfulness meditation, guided by the mobile virtual intervention. The control group practiced audio-guided mindfulness meditation. Pretest, posttest, and post-4-week evaluations with standardized instruments measured perceived support, negative impact from sexual violence, and suicidal ideation. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze survey data and content analysis to analyze reflective writing. Results: Among 34 enrolled participants, 26 completed the 4-week intervention and posttest evaluations; 24 completed post-4-week evaluations. Significant improvements were found among participants in the areas of perceived support, negative impact from sexual violence, and suicidal ideation. The effect size of the intervention was moderate. Four themes that emerged from reflective writings were objectifying sexual violence, healing beginning with action, confronting issues, and sharing experiences. Linking Evidence to Action: The intervention showed potential for initiating young women’s engagement in healing from sexual violence. A simple mobile audio intervention without human interaction could benefit sexual violence survivors. © 2020 Sigma Theta Tau Internationa

Repression of pancreatic glucokinase gene transcription by CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α(C/EBPα)

Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences/박사[한글] 췌장형 glucokinase는 포도당을 인산화하는 효소로서 혈중의 포도당 농도 증가를 인식하여 인슐린을 분비하는데 중요한 역할을 담당하는 효소이다. 췌장 베타 세포가 오랜 시간동안 고농도의 포도당에 노출되면 췌장 세포의 정상적인 기능에 필요한 전사인자의 발현이 감소하고, 그로 인해 glucokinase 유전자의 발현도 감소하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 먼저 고농도의 포도당에 의해 glucokinase 유전자의 발현이 감소하고 basic leucine zipper 전사인자인 CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α(C/EBPα)의 발현이 증가함을 보였고, C/EBPα가 glucokinase 유전자 발현의 억제인자로 작용함을 보였다. Glucokinase 유전자내 C/EBPα의 결합부위는 +42/+66부위이며, 이 부위는 전사 활성 인자인 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) 결합 부위와 부분적으로 겹쳐져 있다. 이들 전사인자의 결합은 서로 경쟁적으로 일어나고, 세포 내에서 C/EBPα의 발현은 PPARγ에 의해 증가된 glucokinase 유전자의 발현을 억제할수 있음을 보였다. 이상의 결과는 당뇨병에서 주로 발견되어지는 고포도당혈증 (hyperglycemia)에서 glucokinase 유전자의 발현 감소가 전사활성인자의 발현 감소뿐만아니라, 부분적으로 C/EBPα와 같은 전사억제인자의 발현증가에 의해 유도될 수 있음을 시사한다. -------------------- 핵심되는 말 : glucokinase, 전사 조절 인자, 고포도당혈증, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBPα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) [영문] Glucokinase plays a primary role in the glucose-responsive secretion of insulin. Previous findings indicate that glucokinase transcript decrease progressively with increasing hyperglycemia, in parallel with the impaired functions of the transactivating factors such as islet duodenum homeobox-1 (IDX-1/PDX-1) and Pal-site-binding factors. Here we report that the basic leucine zipper transcription factor, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBPα) acts as a repressor of glucokinase gene transcription in conditions of supraphysiologic glucose levels. Moreover, the C/EBPα expression is increased when INS-1 cells are cultured for 72 hr in high glucose concentration media (25 mM). The rat glucokinase gene promoter contains a consensus binding motif (+42/+66) for C/EBP that binds C/EBPα and C/EBPβ. The deletions of C/EBP binding site result in a two- or three-fold increase in promoter activity in HIT-T15 and MIN6 cells. Interestingly, the C/EBP binding region overlaps with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ(PPARγ) binding element (PPRE). Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) indicates that C/EBPα and PPARγ/RXRα compete with each other on the +42/+66 region. Coexpression of pRGP-1003 construct with C/EBPα or C/EBPβ and/or PPARγ/RXRα expression vectors in CV-1 cells shows that the PPAR-mediated promoter activation inhibits by C/EBPα only, although C/EBPβ can bind to this region in vitro. In this study, we suggest that C/EBPα may serve as a transcription factor mediating the repression of glucokinase gene expression under conditions of sustained supraphysiological glucose concentration.prohibitio

The effects of STI education on Korean adolescents using smartphone applications

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of adolescents' use of smartphone applications and educational booklets in an educational programme about sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Design: Non-equivalent control-group time-series design. Setting: The study was conducted in two public high schools located in two urban areas of South Korea. Methods: The following measures were developed using Roger's protection-motivation theory as the study's conceptual framework: STI knowledge, STI vulnerability, STI prevention self-efficacy and STI prevention intentions. Data from 88 senior students were analysed: 47 students in the smartphone application group (experimental) and 41 in the educational booklet group (control). The procedures consisted of a face-to-face lecture plus self-study and a period of self-study only. Participants were tested at three time points: pre-test, post-test 1 (immediately after the programme's completion) and post-test 2 (5 weeks after the programme's completion). Results: Significant group differences were found at different times in STI knowledge, vulnerability, prevention self-efficacy and prevention intentions. Smartphone applications were more effective in sustaining the effects of the educational programme than the educational booklets. Conclusion: Researchers and educators should examine the role of relevant learning materials in the promotion of adolescents' development of self-study skills and their knowledge acquisition. © The Author(s) 2017

Assessing the Role of Culture in Korean Goose Mothers' Lives

Korean women who migrate to a foreign country with their children for the latter's education while their husbands stay in Korea as breadwinners are referred to as "goose mothers." The cultural beliefs that have contributed to the formation of this family form and the experiences of these women need to be explored within their cultural context. To understand this population, Confucianism as a cultural background and its influence on goose mothers' value systems, family systems, and view of self were explored. Based on the learning, their potential health issues are described and implications for culturally competent care are suggested. © The Author(s) 2013

Health beliefs and behaviours in relation to sexually transmitted infections among South Korean juvenile offenders: A focused ethnography study

Aim This study explored health beliefs and behaviours related to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) from the perspective of juvenile offenders with STIs in three urban cities. Methods Data were collected using observations and in-depth interviews between July and November, 2014. Under the supervision of probation officers, 24 juvenile offenders with STIs were interviewed. Leininger's four-step method guided the data analysis. Findings From participants' perspectives, poor hygiene and a promiscuous lifestyle caused the STIs. The diseases were considered an adult disease with distinct symptoms and deformities, no cure, and therefore fatal. STIs were shameful for juveniles because their presence revealed sexually active behaviours. The juveniles' health-related behaviours included neglecting their STI symptoms because they did not know they were infected, mistaking STIs for other health conditions, choosing to suffer rather than revealing their diagnosis, and keeping their genitals clean. Conclusion A large gap emerged between juveniles' beliefs and behaviours related to STIs. Policies and education are needed to provide accurate STI information for this population

Comparison of causes for suicidal ideation and attempt: Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families

The purpose of this study was to identify factors that influence suicidal ideation and attempts among Korean women, using longitudinal data. Data from wave 4 (n = 7227), wave 5 (n = 6892), and wave 6 (n = 6632) of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families collected on 2012, 2014, and 2016 were subjected to Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analysis. Number of cases for suicidal ideation was 4.7% of the total cases (n = 20,751) between wave 4 through 6; number of cases for suicidal attempts was 5.7% of the cases from suicide ideation (n = 979). Depressive feelings, bad or worst health, and increased stress had significant impacts on suicidal ideation (χ2 = 1867.84, p <.001; χ2 = 983.61, p <.001; χ2 = 884.01, p <.001) and suicidal attempts (χ2 = 5.36, p <.05; χ2 = 11.19, p <.01; χ2 = 7.46, p <.05; χ2 = 6.21, p <.05) over time, respectively. From the Cox regression analysis, non-marital status (OR = 2.50, CI = 1.40–4.48) and having more than two children (OR = 2.55, CI = 1.18–5.51) compared to not having children were identified as predictors for suicidal attempt. Although the negative effect of number of children on suicidal attempts conflicts with previous evidence, socially determined mother roles and the significance of children should be considered in culturally sensitive terms when interpreting our findings. © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature

Development of a radio-frequency stimulator for mimicking the geat effect of moxibustion

의공학과/석사[한글]본 논문에서는 뜸의 열적 효과를 모사할 수 있는 고주파 열 자극 시스템을 제작하고 뜸 자극에 의한 온도변화와 유사한 고주파 자극 프로토콜을 설계하고 평가하였다. 뜸은 질병에 대한 면역력을 높이고 질병을 치유하는데 사용하지만, 체표면에 화상을 입히는 부작용 및 열 자극의 세기를 조절하기 어려운 점이 있다. 기존의 연구에서는 이런 단점을 극복하기 위한 방법으로 고주파 자극기가 제안되기도 하였으나, 자극 범위가 넓고 주로 자극부위에 강한 열 자극을 가하는 장비가대부분이다. 따라서 자극의 세기 조절이 용이하고 심부에 열에너지를 전달할 수있는 고주파 열 자극 시스템 개발이 필요하다.본 연구에서 개발된 열 자극 시스템은 고주파발생부와 고주파 자극 프로브로구성된다. 고주파발생부는 6MHz의 고주파 신호를 발생시키며, 최대 340W의 에너지를 방출시킬 수 있다. 그리고 출력되는 전력을 제어하기 위해 마이크로프로세서를 사용하였다. 고주파 자극 프로브는 뜸의 크기별에 따라 설계하여 직경 10mm,15mm, 25mm에 해당하는 세 개의 전극들을 탈착시킬 수 있도록 제작하였다.자극 프로토콜 설계를 위한 심부온도 측정은 돼지고기의 특정부분을 이용하였다. 5mm 두께의 시편들을 중첩시켜나가면서 심부의 온도를 측정하였다. 심부의온도변화는 적외선 열 센서를 사용해 측정하였다. 측정된 심부온도를 바탕으로 세개의 전극을 이용하여 구관뜸 및 애권뜸과 유사한 열 자극을 발생시킬 수 있는 6개의 자극 프로토콜을 제안하였다. 제안된 프로토콜은 심부 5mm 깊이의 온도를기준으로 제작하였고 이를 유한요소 해석을 통해 프로토콜의 유용성을 검증하였다.뜸과 제작된 고주파 열 자극 시스템을 이용하여 6개 프로토콜에 따라 심부에열 자극을 인가한 후 온도변화를 측정하여 비교한 결과, 시편의 표면에 가까운 심부에서는 뜸과 고주파 열 자극에 의한 온도분포가 유사하였으며, 심부로 내려갈수록 고주파 열 자극 시스템의 열 자극이 뜸에 비해 더 효과적으로 전달된 것을 알수 있었다. 이를 통해 제작한 고주파 열 자극 시스템과 열 자극 프로토콜의 유용성을 확인 할 수 있었다. 그러나 현재 실험은 돼지고기에 적용한 사례로서 실제생체실험을 하지 못한 한계점도 있다. 향후 개발된 시스템을 실제 임상에 적용하기 위한 추가적인 보완연구 및 임상적 평가가 필요하다. [영문]restrictio

Effects of a social-media-based support on premenstrual syndrome and physical activity among female university students in South Korea

Introduction: This study examined the effects of social-media-based support on premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and physical activity among female South Korean university students.Methods: This quasi-experimental study with an equivalent-control-group pretest-posttest design randomly assigned 64 female students with PMS to the experimental or control group. The experimental group received social-media-based support through a smartphone application, text messaging, and e-mail for one menstrual cycle between September and December, 2016. Descriptive and inferential statistics included a Chi-square test and independent and paired t-tests.Results: Significant differences emerged between the experimental and control groups in total PMS scores (p=.003), 14 premenstrual symptoms, and physical activity (p=.010).Conclusions: Female university students with PMS experienced decreased premenstrual symptoms and increased physical activity with social-media-based support, which could be an efficacious, accessible, and widely available nursing intervention to manage PMS and physical activity