8 research outputs found

    6μ›”μ˜ κΈ°μ–΅: μ½œλ‘¬λΉ„μ•„μ˜ ν•œκ΅­μ „μŸ μ°Έμ „μš©μ‚¬

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    둜물둜 μ˜¬λΌμ•Ό, μ•„λ₯΄ν‚€λ©”λ°μŠ€ λ‘œλ“œλ¦¬κ²ŒμŠ€, λ²€ν•˜λ―Ό 포λ₯΄νˆ¬μ˜¬, μ΄λ””μ•„μŠ€ 인킀피에 링콘, 라미레슀 카예 μ‚Όν˜•μ œ..... 이런 이름은 우리의 κΈ°μ–΅ 속에 단 ν•œ λ²ˆλ„ 머물러 λ³Έ 적이 μ—†λ‹€. 이듀은 60μ—¬ λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ 자ꡭ 정뢀와 κ΅­λ―Όμ—κ²ŒλŠ” μ² μ €ν•˜κ²Œ 망각된 μ±„λ‘œ ν•œκ΅­μ „μŸμ˜ 상흔을 κ°€μŠ΄μ— ν’ˆμ€ 채 μ‚¬λ§ν–ˆκ±°λ‚˜ κ·Έμ € 병듀어 λŠ™μ–΄κ°€λŠ” 80μ„Έμ˜ 노인일 뿐이닀. 1950λ…„ 12μ›” 29일 λΌμš°λ ˆμ•„λ…Έ κ³ λ©”μŠ€(Laureano GΓ³mez) μ½œλ‘¬λΉ„μ•„ λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ€ 법령 3927호λ₯Ό 톡해 ν•œκ΅­ νŒŒλ³‘μ„ λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ μ½œλ‘¬λΉ„μ•„ λŒ€λŒ€λΌκ³  λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” λ³΄λ³‘λŒ€λŒ€λ₯Ό μ°½μ„€ν–ˆλ‹€. μ΄λ…μ μœΌλ‘œλ„ 반곡 및 μΉœλ―Έμ„±κ²©μ„ 띠고 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ λ³΄μˆ˜μ •κΆŒμ€ μ •μΉ˜μ  폭λ ₯μ‚¬νƒœλ‘œ μΈν•œ μ •κ΅­ν˜Όλž€ μƒν™©μ—μ„œ 반곡과 자유우방 μˆ˜ν˜ΈλΌλŠ” λͺ…λΆ„μœΌλ‘œ ν•œκ΅­μ „μŸ νŒŒλ³‘μ„ κ²°μ •ν•œ 것이닀

    μ €ν•­κ³Ό κΈ°μ–΅μ˜ 곡간 νŒ”λ μΌ€ 데 μ‚°λ°”μ‹€λ¦¬μ˜€(Palenque de San Basilio)

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    μ‚°λ°”μ‹€λ¦¬μ˜€ ν‘μΈκ³΅λ™μ²΄λŠ” μ½œλ‘¬λΉ„μ•„ 카리브 ν•΄ μ—°μ•ˆμ˜ μ€‘μ‹¬λ„μ‹œ μΉ΄λ₯΄νƒ€ν—€λ‚˜(Cartagena de Indias)λ‘œλΆ€ν„° 70ν‚¬λ‘œλ―Έν„° 남짓 떨어진 산악지역에 μœ„μΉ˜ν•œ νŒ”λ μΌ€λ‹€. νŒ”λ μΌ€λŠ” λ„μ£Όν•œ ν‘μΈλ…Έμ˜ˆλ“€μ΄ λ°€λ¦Όμ΄λ‚˜ λŠͺμ§€λŒ€ λ˜λŠ” κΉŠμ€ 계곑에 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ 놓은 μ€μ‹ μ²˜λ₯Ό λœ»ν•œλ‹€. λ§ˆμ„μ— λ“€μ–΄μ„œλ©΄ μ‡ μ‚¬μŠ¬λ‘œ μ†λ°œμ΄ 묢인 채 자유λ₯Ό μ™ΈμΉ˜λ©° μ ˆκ·œν•˜λŠ” λ²΅μ½”μŠ€ λΉ„μ˜€ν˜Έ(Benkos Biojo)의 동상과 λ§ˆμ£Όν•˜κ²Œ λœλ‹€. κ·Έ λ’€λ‘œ λ§ˆμ„μ˜ μœ μΌν•œ 백인 λ°”μ‹€λ¦¬μ˜€ 성인이 μž‘μ€ μ„±λ‹Ή μ•ˆμ—μ„œ λ²΅μ½”μŠ€λ₯Ό λ„Œμ§€μ‹œ 바라보고 μžˆλ‹€. νŒ”λ μΌ€ 데 μ‚°λ°”μ‹€λ¦¬μ˜€λŠ” 1603λ…„ 벡꼬슀 λΉ„μ˜€ν˜Έ ν˜Ήμ€ 도밍고 λΉ„μ˜€ν˜Έ(Domingo Biojo)둜 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” μ‹œλ§ˆλ‘ (Cimarron)에 μ˜ν•΄ 건섀됐닀. μ‹œλ§ˆλ‘ μ€ μ•ˆν‹°μ•ΌμŠ€ μ œλ„μ˜ 말둜 자유λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„ λ‚ μ•„κ°€λŠ” ν™”μ‚΄μ΄λž€ 뜻으둜 λ„μ£Όν•œ ν‘μΈλ…Έμ˜ˆλ₯Ό λ§ν•œλ‹€. 독립 이후 라틴아메리카 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 흑인 νŒ”λ μΌ€λŠ” μ†Œλ©Έλ˜κ±°λ‚˜ μΈμ ‘μ§€μ—­κ³Όμ˜ 접촉을 톡해 문화적 λ³€μš©μ„ κ²½ν—˜ν–ˆμœΌλ‚˜, νŒ”λ μΌ€ 데 μ‚°λ°”μ‹€λ¦¬μ˜€λŠ” μžκΈ°λ„€ κ³ μœ ν•œ 문화와 정체성을 μœ μ§€ν•˜λ©° μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ κΉŒμ§€ 남아 μžˆλŠ” μœ μΌν•œ μ‹œλ§ˆλ‘  ν›„μ†λ“€μ˜ κ³΅λ™μ²΄λ‘œ μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆλ‹€. 17μ„ΈκΈ° μŠ€νŽ˜μΈμ€ λ…Έμ˜ˆ 노동λ ₯을 λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ ν† μ§€κ°œλ°œμ— μ£Όλ ₯ν–ˆλ‹€. κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό ν† μ§€μ§‘μ€‘μ˜ 가속화와 ν•¨κ»˜ λŒ€λ†μž₯ μ•„μ‹œμ—”λ‹€κ°€ ν˜•μ„±λλ‹€. μ•„μ‹œμ—”λ‹€μ—μ„œλŠ” λ…Έμ˜ˆ 노동λ ₯을 λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬νƒ•μˆ˜μˆ˜, λ‹΄λ°°, 컀피, λ©΄ν™” λ“± 수좜용 μƒν’ˆμž‘λ¬Όμ΄ μž¬λ°°λλ‹€. μ•„μ‹œμ—”λ‹€κ°€ λ°œμ „ν•¨μ— 따라 λ„μ£Όν•œ λ…Έμ˜ˆλ„ μ¦κ°€ν–ˆλ‹€

    A Study on Korean Lexical Performance Strategies Education

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(박사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μ‚¬λ²”λŒ€ν•™ κ΅­μ–΄κ΅μœ‘κ³Ό,2020. 2. ꡬ본관.Is vocabulary understanding and expression automatic for native speakers? Or is it deliberate and intentional? The researches on vocabulary education for native speakers have developed quantitatively and qualitatively, but little has been said about the strategic vocabulary understanding and expression of the native speakers. The reason for this is, firstly, that the thinking process that understands and expresses the vocabulary is so natural and automatic to the native speakers it does not need to be educated. Second, There is perception, which is because learners do not understand and express vocabulary well because they simply have a small amount of vocabulary. At the same time, the voices of school teachers and researchers reporting a drop in the vocabulary of learners have continued. Therefore, in the present situation, we need to escape from the existing perception that the deterioration of learners' lexical competence is simply because they have little knowledge of vocabulary or because they lack the absolute time to learn vocabulary. So where are the main reasons for the slowdown of learners' lexical competence? The reason for this study is that learners lacked the experience to strategically understand or express vocabulary in a practical context. If learners has enough of this experience, even if they knows a small number of words, they can understand and express them appropriately. This view emphasizes the importance of actual lexical performance rather than the amount of vocabulary knowledge. On the other hand, a goal-oriented cognitive process that connects the learner's knowledge with actual performance can be conceptualized as a strategy. In the meantime, the discussion of strategy has been mainly dealt with in the area of ​​communication education. In the grammar education, there is little discussion on strategy, and in particular, there is little theoretical or practical discussion about lexical strategies. In this context, our vocabulary education still focuses on learning meta-knowledge about vocabulary. As a result, the texts presented in the textbooks are inconsistent with the specific problem situations faced by the learner in real life. In this situation, this paper aims to theoretically map strategic competencies as sub-components of lexical competencies and to design lexical strategies education that can enhance the lexical competence of learners. To this end, I first examined the educational status of lexical strategies in vocabulary education, and discussed the educational values ​​of lexical strategies as 'securing authenticity of vocabulary education' and 'learners-centered vocabulary education'. In addition, the lexical competence model, including 'strategic competence', was presented as the goal of vocabulary education. According to this, the goal of vocabulary education is to firstly expand lexical knowledge and encyclopedic knowledge, and secondly, develop understanding and expressive strategic competence, and third, develop attitudes about vocabulary use and lexical competence. And the concrete examples of how knowledge, strategic competence, and attitude interact for successful vocabulary performance are presented. Next, the concept of strategy and the concept of strategy was used in the communication theory and sub-domain of Korean language education was reviewed through previous studies. Next, the concept of the lexical performance strategy was conceptualized 1) as a conscious cognitive process 2) as a goal-oriented problem solving process 3) as well as a context-oriented language performance process 4) as a strategy for better understanding or expression of vocabulary in actual communication situations. lexical performance strategies are divided into two categories. 1) A lexical comprehension strategy used to infer unfamiliar vocabulary meanings in communication situations such as listening or reading, or to understand the meaning of vocabulary more clearly. 2) lexical expression strategies used to communicate vocabulary appropriately and effectively in communication situations such as speaking or writing. Afterwards, these strategies were classified into active and avoidance strategies, personal and social relations strategies, cognitive strategies and meta-cognitive strategies based on non-linguistic criteria. Next, the process of lexical performance was divided into problem solving process and vocabulary understanding and expression process. Finally, the lexical performance strategies were discussed in detail by dividing them into contextual strategies, vocabulary strategies, grammatical strategies, and reference strategies according to linguistic criteria. Next, I analyzed the lexical competence and the degree of use of lexical strategies by 246 learners in the first and third grades of high school. To this end, I developed a tool for evaluating vocabulary competence and using lexical strategies. Based on the surveyed data, Pearson's momentum correlation analysis was conducted to examine the correlation between learner's lexical competence and lexical performance strategies. First, there was a clear correlation (r = 0.57, p = 0.00) between lexical comprehension and expression competence, and there was also a 'clear correlation (r = 0.68, p = 0.00) between use of lexical comprehension strategies and expression strategies. Next, a clear correlation (r = 0.37, p = 0.00)' was established between the lexical comprehension competence and the use of the lexical comprehension strategies, and a 'weak correlation (r = 0.27, p = 0.00) between the lexical expression competence and the use of lexical expression strategies. In addition, there was a clear correlation (r = 0.46, p = 0.00) between the overall lexical competence and the use of lexical strategies. This shows that there is some clear correlation between the use of lexical performance strategies and lexical competence. In addition, strategies with high correlation coefficients were derived for each strategy, and the learner group was classified according to the lexical competence, and the strategies with large differences in use were statistically analyzed. As a result, there was a negative correlation with lexical competence in avoidance strategies. Also, the strategy with the highest lexical comprehension competence and the static correlation coefficient was the strategy of inferring the meaning of words through the Chinese characters used in the word for. And the strategy with the highest lexical expression competence and the static correlation coefficient was the strategy of considering the expression effect of Sino-Korean word. In addition, the vocabulary meaning comprehension strategy and expression strategy considering context also showed high correlation coefficient. Lastly, based on the results of the study in Chapter III, as implications for lexical performance strategies education, first, the design of lexical performance strategies education by learner type and the second, the integrated lexical performance strategies education were presented. In chapter β…£, the lexical performance strategies education was designed based on the previous discussion. First, the goals of lexical performance strategies education were divided into macroscopic and microscopic dimensions. The goal of education is to increase lexical performance competence. As a micro goal, students will be able to know the concept of lexical performance strategies and know various types of lexical performance strategies and identify and classify lexical performance strategies, and use, examine, adjust and evaluate their lexical performance strategies effectively. On the other hand, the development of lexical performance competence is related to the refinement of cognitive competence through vocabulary and to the enhancement of ability to think such as imagination and creativity. Afterwards, the direction of presenting lexical performance strategies education was discussed in the curriculum and textbook level. And the components of the contents of lexical performance strategies education were divided into 'lexical performance strategies, language materials, teaching and learning activities'. In addition, I discussed how to educate lexical performance strategies, focusing on 'recognition of lexical performance strategies, identification, classification and evaluation of lexical performance strategies use cases, and internalization of lexical performance strategies through experience using lexical performance strategies'. Lastly, examples of the actual educational activities were divided into 'lexical comprehension strategies training activities, lexical expression strategies training activities, and integrated lexical performance strategies training activities'. This study has a historical significance that conceptualizes lexical performance strategies that have been hardly covered in Korean vocabulary education research and correlates the use of lexical performance strategies according to the lexical competence of learners. It is hoped that future studies on the theory and practice of lexical performance strategies education will be activated.λͺ¨μ–΄ ν™”μžμ—κ²Œ μ–΄νœ˜ 이해와 ν‘œν˜„μ€ μžλ™μ μΈκ°€? μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ κ³„νšμ μ΄κ³  μ˜λ„μ μΈκ°€? κ·Έλ™μ•ˆ λͺ¨μ–΄ ν™”μžλ₯Ό λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” μ–΄νœ˜κ΅μœ‘ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ–‘μ μœΌλ‘œλ‚˜ μ§ˆμ μœΌλ‘œλ‚˜ λΉ„μ•½μ μœΌλ‘œ λ°œμ „ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ‚˜, λͺ¨μ–΄ ν™”μžμ˜ μ „λž΅μ  μ–΄νœ˜ 이해와 ν‘œν˜„μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” λ…Όμ˜κ°€ 거의 이루어지지 λͺ»ν–ˆλ‹€. κ·Έ μ΄μœ λŠ” μ–΄νœ˜λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³  ν‘œν˜„ν•˜λŠ” 사고 과정은 λͺ¨μ–΄ ν™”μžλ“€μ—κ²ŒλŠ” λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜ μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄, 즉 μžλ™μ μΈ 과정이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— ꡐ윑의 λŒ€μƒμ΄ 될 ν•„μš”κ°€ μ—†λ‹€λŠ” 인식, λ˜λŠ” ν•™μŠ΅μžλ“€μ΄ μ–΄νœ˜λ₯Ό 잘 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³  ν‘œν˜„ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ” λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ” μ–΄νœ˜ 양이 적기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λΌλŠ” 인식이 μ‘΄μž¬ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λ‹€. κ·ΈλŸΌμ—λ„ λ™μ‹œμ— ν•™μŠ΅μžλ“€μ˜ μ–΄νœ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯의 μ €ν•˜λ₯Ό λ³΄κ³ ν•˜λŠ” 학ꡐ ν˜„μž₯ ꡐ사듀과 μ—°κ΅¬μžλ“€μ˜ λͺ©μ†Œλ¦¬λŠ” λŠμž„μ—†μ΄ 이어져 μ™”λ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ ν˜„ μƒν™©μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν•™μŠ΅μžλ“€μ˜ μ–΄νœ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯의 μ €ν•˜κ°€ λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ” μ–΄νœ˜κ°€ 적기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λΌκ±°λ‚˜, μ–΄νœ˜λ₯Ό ν•™μŠ΅ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ ˆλŒ€μ μΈ μ‹œκ°„μ΄ λΆ€μ‘±ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λΌλŠ” 기쑴의 μΈμ‹μ—μ„œ λ²—μ–΄λ‚  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ ν•™μŠ΅μžλ“€μ˜ μ–΄νœ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯이 μ €ν•˜λ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ°€μž₯ 큰 원인은 어디에 μžˆλŠ”κ°€? 이 μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” κ·Έ 원인을 ν•™μŠ΅μžλ“€μ΄ μ–΄νœ˜λ₯Ό μ‹€μ œμ μΈ λ§₯λ½μ—μ„œ μ „λž΅μ μœΌλ‘œ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ ν‘œν˜„ν•΄ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” κ²½ν—˜μ΄ λΆ€μ‘±ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λΌκ³  λ³Έλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ²½ν—˜μ΄ ν’λΆ€ν•˜λ‹€λ©΄ 적은 수의 μ–΄νœ˜λ₯Ό μ•Œκ³  μžˆλ”λΌλ„ μ–΄νœ˜λ₯Ό 상황에 맞게 μ μ ˆν•˜κ²Œ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³  ν‘œν˜„ν•  μžˆμ„ 수 μžˆλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 관점은 μ–΄νœ˜ μ§€μ‹μ˜ μ–‘λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” μ‹€μ œ μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ λŠ₯λ ₯이 μ€‘μš”ν•¨μ„ κ°•μ‘°ν•œλ‹€. 이와 같이 ν•™μŠ΅μžκ°€ 가지고 μžˆλŠ” 지식을 μ‹€μ œ μˆ˜ν–‰ λŠ₯λ ₯κ³Ό μ—°κ²°μ‹œμΌœ μ£ΌλŠ” λͺ©ν‘œ 지ν–₯적인 인지 과정을 μ „λž΅μ΄λΌκ³  κ°œλ…ν™”ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. κ·Έλ™μ•ˆ μ „λž΅μ— λŒ€ν•œ λ…Όμ˜λŠ” κΈ°λŠ₯ μ˜μ—­μ—μ„œ 주둜 닀루어져 μ™”λŠ”λ°, 문법 μ˜μ—­μ—μ„œ μ „λž΅μ— λŒ€ν•œ λ…Όμ˜λŠ” λ―Έμ§„ν•˜λ©° 특히 μ–΄νœ˜ μ „λž΅κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 이둠적 λ…Όμ˜λ‚˜ μ‹€μ œμ  λ…Όμ˜ λͺ¨λ‘ 이루어진 λ°”κ°€ 거의 μ—†λ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μƒν™©μ—μ„œ 우리의 μ–΄νœ˜κ΅μœ‘μ€ μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ–΄νœ˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ 메타적인 지식 ν•™μŠ΅μ— μ£Όλ ₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό κ΅κ³Όμ„œμ— μ œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” λ‚΄μš©μ€ λͺ…μ œμ  성격이 κ°•ν•˜λ©°, ν•™μŠ΅μžκ°€ μ‹€μ œ μ–Έμ–΄μƒν™œμ—μ„œ λ‹Ήλ©΄ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜λŠ” ꡬ체적인 문제 상황과 괴리가 μžˆλŠ” 것이 사싀이닀. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μƒν™©μ—μ„œ λ³Έκ³ λŠ” μ–΄νœ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯을 κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜λŠ” ν•˜μœ„ μš”μ†Œλ‘œμ„œ μ „λž΅μ  λŠ₯λ ₯을 이둠적으둜 λ„μ‹ν™”ν•˜κ³ , ν•™μŠ΅μžμ˜ μ–΄νœ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯을 μ‹ μž₯μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆλŠ” μ–΄νœ˜ μ „λž΅ κ΅μœ‘μ„ μ„€κ³„ν•˜λŠ” 데 λͺ©μ μ΄ μžˆλ‹€. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ λ¨Όμ € μ–΄νœ˜κ΅μœ‘μ—μ„œ μ–΄νœ˜ μ „λž΅μ˜ ꡐ윑적 μœ„μƒμ„ κ²€ν† ν•˜λŠ” ν•œνŽΈ μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅μ˜ ꡐ윑적 κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό μ–΄νœ˜κ΅μœ‘μ˜ μ‹€μ œμ„± 담보와 ν•™μŠ΅μž μ€‘μ‹¬μ˜ μ–΄νœ˜κ΅μœ‘ μ‹€μ²œμ˜ κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ λ…Όμ˜ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ μ „λž΅μ  λŠ₯λ ₯을 ν¬ν•¨ν•œ μ–΄νœ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯ λͺ¨ν˜•μ„ μ–΄νœ˜κ΅μœ‘μ˜ λͺ©ν‘œλ‘œμ„œ μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€λŠ”λ°, 이에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄ μ–΄νœ˜κ΅μœ‘μ˜ λͺ©ν‘œλŠ” 첫째, 지식적 μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œ μ–΄νœ˜ 지식과 백과사전적 지식을 ν™•μΆ©ν•˜κ³ , λ‘˜μ§Έ, μ „λž΅μ  μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œ 이해 μ „λž΅ λŠ₯λ ₯κ³Ό ν‘œν˜„ μ „λž΅ λŠ₯λ ₯을 μ‹ μž₯ν•˜κ³ , μ…‹μ§Έ, νƒœλ„μ˜ μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œ μ–΄νœ˜ μ‚¬μš©μ— λŒ€ν•œ νƒœλ„μ™€ μ–΄νœ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯에 λŒ€ν•œ νƒœλ„λ₯Ό ν•¨μ–‘ν•˜λŠ” 것이닀. 그리고 성곡적인 μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰μ„ μœ„ν•΄ 지식과 μ „λž΅μ  λŠ₯λ ₯, νƒœλ„κ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μƒν˜Έμž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ ꡬ체적인 예λ₯Ό 톡해 μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ μ„ ν–‰ 연ꡬ듀을 톡해 μ „λž΅μ˜ κ°œλ…μ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λŠ” ν•œνŽΈ, μ „λž΅μ΄ μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅ 이둠, κ΅­μ–΄κ³Όμ˜ ν•˜μœ„ μ˜μ—­μ—μ„œ μ–΄λ– ν•œ κ°œλ…μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ”μ§€ λ…Όμ˜ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 그리고 μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅μ˜ κ°œλ…μ„ μ‹€μ œ μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅ μƒν™©μ—μ„œ μ–΄νœ˜λ₯Ό 보닀 잘 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ ν‘œν˜„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ μ „λž΅μœΌλ‘œ κ°œλ…ν™”ν•˜λŠ” ν•œνŽΈ, μ „λž΅μ˜ νŠΉμ„±μ„ μ˜μ‹μ μΈ 인지 κ³Όμ •μœΌλ‘œμ„œ λͺ©ν‘œ 지ν–₯적 문제 ν•΄κ²° 과정인 λ™μ‹œμ— λ§₯락 μ€‘μ‹¬μ˜ μ–Έμ–΄ μˆ˜ν–‰ κ³Όμ •μœΌλ‘œ λ…Όμ˜ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅μ€ λ‹€μ‹œ λ“£κΈ°λ‚˜ 읽기와 같은 μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅ μƒν™©μ—μ„œ λ‚―μ„  μ–΄νœ˜μ˜ 의미λ₯Ό μΆ”λ‘ ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜, μ–΄νœ˜μ˜ 의미λ₯Ό 보닀 λͺ…ν™•νžˆ μ•Œκ³ μž ν•  λ•Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” μ–΄νœ˜ 이해 μ „λž΅κ³Ό λ§ν•˜κΈ°λ‚˜ 쓰기와 같은 μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅ μƒν™©μ—μ„œ μ–΄νœ˜λ₯Ό μ μ ˆν•˜κ³  효과적으둜 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³ μž ν•  λ•Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” μ–΄νœ˜ ν‘œν˜„ μ „λž΅μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ„μ—ˆλ‹€. 이후 이듀 μ „λž΅μ„ μ–Έμ–΄ 외적 기쀀에 따라 적극적 μ „λž΅κ³Ό νšŒν”Ό μ „λž΅, 개인적 μ „λž΅κ³Ό μ‚¬νšŒ 관계 μ „λž΅, 인지 μ „λž΅κ³Ό μƒμœ„ 인지 μ „λž΅μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„λ₯˜ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰μ˜ 과정을 문제 ν•΄κ²° κ³Όμ •κ³Ό μ–΄νœ˜ 이해와 ν‘œν˜„μ˜ κ³Όμ •μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ„μ–΄ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ³  μ΅œμ’…μ μœΌλ‘œ μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅μ„ μ–Έμ–΄ 내적 기쀀에 따라 λ§₯락 이용 μ „λž΅, μ–΄νœ˜μ  μ „λž΅, 문법적 μ „λž΅, μ°Έμ‘° μ „λž΅μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ„μ–΄ μƒμ„Ένžˆ λ…Όμ˜ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ 고등학ꡐ 1~3ν•™λ…„ ν•™μŠ΅μž 246λͺ…을 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ ν•™μŠ΅μžμ˜ μ–΄νœ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯κ³Ό μ–΄νœ˜ μ „λž΅ μ‚¬μš© 정도λ₯Ό 각각 이해와 ν‘œν˜„μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ„μ–΄ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μ–΄νœ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯ 평가 도ꡬ와 μ–΄νœ˜ μ „λž΅ μ‚¬μš© 평가 도ꡬλ₯Ό κ°œλ°œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ‘°μ‚¬λœ 자료λ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ ν•™μŠ΅μžμ˜ μ–΄νœ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯κ³Ό μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ μ‚¬μš©μ˜ 상관관계λ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν”Όμ–΄μŠ¨(Pearson)의 적λ₯  상관뢄석을 μ‹€μ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ¨Όμ € μ–΄νœ˜ 이해 λŠ₯λ ₯κ³Ό μ–΄νœ˜ ν‘œν˜„ λŠ₯λ ₯ κ°„μ—λŠ” λšœλ ·ν•œ 상관관계(r=0.57, p=0.00)κ°€ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬μœΌλ©°, μ–΄νœ˜ 이해 μ „λž΅ μ‚¬μš©κ³Ό μ–΄νœ˜ ν‘œν˜„ μ „λž΅ μ‚¬μš© 간에도 λšœλ ·ν•œ 상관관계(r=0.68, p=0.00)κ°€ μ„±λ¦½ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ μ–΄νœ˜ 이해 λŠ₯λ ₯κ³Ό μ–΄νœ˜ 이해 μ „λž΅ μ‚¬μš© μ‚¬μ΄μ—λŠ” λšœλ ·ν•œ 상관관계(r=0.37, p=0.00)κ°€ μ„±λ¦½ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, μ–΄νœ˜ ν‘œν˜„ λŠ₯λ ₯κ³Ό μ–΄νœ˜ ν‘œν˜„ μ „λž΅ μ‚¬μš© μ‚¬μ΄μ—λŠ” μ•½ν•œ 상관관계(r=0.27, p=0.00)κ°€ μ„±λ¦½ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ 이 λ‘˜μ„ ν¬κ΄„ν•œ μ–΄νœ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯ μ „λ°˜κ³Ό μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ μ‚¬μš© μ‚¬μ΄μ—λŠ” λšœλ ·ν•œ 상관관계(r=0.46, p=0.00)κ°€ μ„±λ¦½ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이둜써 μ–΄νœ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯κ³Ό μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ μ‚¬μš© μ‚¬μ΄μ—λŠ” μ–΄λŠ 정도 λšœλ ·ν•œ 상관이 μžˆμŒμ„ 확인할 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ 각 μ „λž΅λ³„λ‘œ μƒκ΄€κ³„μˆ˜κ°€ 높은 μ „λž΅λ“€μ„ λ„μΆœν•˜λŠ” ν•œνŽΈ, μ–΄νœ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯에 따라 ν•™μŠ΅μž 집단을 κ΅¬λΆ„ν•˜μ—¬ 집단별 μ‚¬μš© 차이가 큰 μ „λž΅μ„ ν†΅κ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό νšŒν”Ό μ „λž΅μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ–΄νœ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯κ³Ό 음의 상관관계가 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ μ–΄νœ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯κ³Ό 정적 μƒκ΄€κ³„μˆ˜κ°€ κ°€μž₯ 높은 μ „λž΅μ€ μ–΄νœ˜ μ΄ν•΄μ˜ 경우 단어에 쓰인 ν•œμžλ₯Ό 톡해 λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ 의미λ₯Ό μΆ”λ‘ ν•˜λŠ” μ „λž΅μ΄μ—ˆμœΌλ©°, ν‘œν˜„μ˜ 경우 ν•œμžμ–΄μ˜ ν‘œν˜„ 효과λ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν•˜λŠ” μ „λž΅μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ λ§₯락을 κ³ λ €ν•œ μ–΄νœ˜ 의미 이해 μ „λž΅κ³Ό ν‘œν˜„ μ „λž΅λ„ 높은 μƒκ΄€κ³„μˆ˜λ₯Ό λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ β…’μž₯의 연ꡬ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ κ΅μœ‘μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ‹œμ‚¬μ μœΌλ‘œ 첫째, ν•™μŠ΅μž μœ ν˜•μ— λ”°λ₯Έ μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ ꡐ윑의 섀계와 λ‘˜μ§Έ, 톡합적 μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ κ΅μœ‘μ„ μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. β…£μž₯μ—μ„œλŠ” μ•žμ„  λ…Όμ˜λ₯Ό ν† λŒ€λ‘œ μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ κ΅μœ‘μ„ μ„€κ³„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ¨Όμ € μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ ꡐ윑의 λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό κ±°μ‹œμ  차원과 λ―Έμ‹œμ  μ°¨μ›μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ„μ–΄ μ„€μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ ꡐ윑의 λͺ©ν‘œλŠ” μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ λŠ₯λ ₯을 μ‹ μž₯ν•˜λŠ” 것이닀. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ λ―Έμ‹œ λͺ©ν‘œλ‘œμ„œ μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅μ˜ κ°œλ…μ„ μ•Œκ³  λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μœ ν˜•μ˜ μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅μ„ μ•ˆλ‹€.와 μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅μ„ 식별·뢄λ₯˜ν•˜κ³ , 이λ₯Ό μžμ‹ μ˜ μ–Έμ–΄μƒν™œμ—μ„œ 효과적으둜 μ‚¬μš©Β·μ κ²€Β·μ‘°μ •Β·ν‰κ°€ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€.λ₯Ό μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ν•œνŽΈ μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ λŠ₯λ ₯의 μ‹ μž₯은 κ±°μ‹œμ  μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œ μ–΄νœ˜λ₯Ό 톡해 인지 λŠ₯λ ₯을 μ •κ΅ν™”ν•˜κ³ , 상상λ ₯·창의λ ₯ λ“±μ˜ 사고λ ₯을 μ¦μ§„ν•˜λŠ” 것과 관련을 λ§ΊλŠ”λ‹€. μ΄μ–΄μ„œ μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ ꡐ윑의 μ œμ‹œ λ°©ν–₯을 κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •κ³Ό κ΅κ³Όμ„œ μ°¨μ›μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ„μ–΄ λ…Όμ˜ν•˜κ³ , μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ ꡐ윑 λ‚΄μš©μ˜ ꡬ성 μš”μ†Œλ₯Ό μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅, μ–Έμ–΄ 자료, κ΅μˆ˜Β·ν•™μŠ΅ ν™œλ™μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ„μ–΄ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅μ— λŒ€ν•œ 인식, μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ μ‚¬μš© 사둀에 λŒ€ν•œ 식별과 λΆ„λ₯˜, 평가, μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ μ‚¬μš© κ²½ν—˜μ„ ν†΅ν•œ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅μ˜ λ‚΄λ©΄ν™” 등을 μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ ꡐ윑 방법에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ…Όμ˜ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ ꡐ윑 ν™œλ™μ˜ μ‹€μ œμ— λŒ€ν•œ 사둀λ₯Ό μ–΄νœ˜ 이해 μ „λž΅ ꡐ윑 ν™œλ™, μ–΄νœ˜ ν‘œν˜„ μ „λž΅ ꡐ윑 ν™œλ™, 톡합적 μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ ꡐ윑 ν™œλ™μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ„μ–΄ μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” κ·Έλ™μ•ˆ κ΅­μ–΄ μ–΄νœ˜κ΅μœ‘ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ 거의 닀루어지지 μ•Šμ•˜λ˜ μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅μ„ κ°œλ…ν™”ν•˜κ³ , ν•™μŠ΅μžμ˜ μ–΄νœ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯에 λ”°λ₯Έ μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ μ‚¬μš©μ˜ 상관관계λ₯Ό λ°ν˜”λ‹€λŠ” 연ꡬ사적 의의λ₯Ό μ§€λ‹Œλ‹€. ν–₯ν›„ μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ κ΅μœ‘μ— λŒ€ν•œ 이둠과 μ‹€μ œμ— λŒ€ν•œ 연ꡬ가 ν™œμ„±ν™”λ˜κΈ°λ₯Ό κΈ°λŒ€ν•œλ‹€.β… . μ„œλ‘  1 1. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ ν•„μš”μ„± 및 λͺ©μ  1 2. 연ꡬ사 5 2.1. μ „λž΅ 및 μ–΄νœ˜ μ „λž΅μ— λŒ€ν•œ 연ꡬ 5 (1) κ΅­μ–΄κ΅μœ‘μ—μ„œμ˜ μ „λž΅ 및 μ–΄νœ˜ μ „λž΅μ— λŒ€ν•œ 연ꡬ 5 (2) ν•œκ΅­μ–΄κ΅μœ‘ 및 μ™Έκ΅­μ–΄κ΅μœ‘μ—μ„œμ˜ μ „λž΅ 및 μ–΄νœ˜ μ „λž΅μ— λŒ€ν•œ 연ꡬ 8 2.2. μ–΄νœ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯에 λŒ€ν•œ 연ꡬ 11 (1) μ–΄νœ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯의 κ°œλ… 정립 및 μœ ν˜•ν™” μ‹œλ„ 11 (2) μ–΄νœ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯ 평가 도ꡬ 개발 13 3. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λŒ€μƒ 및 방법 16 β…‘. μ–΄νœ˜ μ „λž΅ ꡐ윑 λ…Όμ˜λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ 이둠적 κ³ μ°° 22 1. κ΅­μ–΄ μ–΄νœ˜κ΅μœ‘μ—μ„œ μ „λž΅μ˜ μœ„μƒ 22 1.1. μ–΄νœ˜ μ „λž΅μ˜ ꡐ윑적 μœ„μƒ 22 1.2. μ–΄νœ˜ μ „λž΅μ˜ ꡐ윑적 κ°€μΉ˜ 23 (1) μ–΄νœ˜κ΅μœ‘μ˜ μ‹€μ œμ„± 담보 23 β‘  μ–΄νœ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯의 μ‹€μ œμ  ν–₯상 23 β‘‘ μ‹€μ œμ μΈ λ§₯λ½μ—μ„œμ˜ μ–΄νœ˜κ΅μœ‘ 25 (2) ν•™μŠ΅μž μ€‘μ‹¬μ˜ μ–΄νœ˜κ΅μœ‘ μ‹€μ²œ 27 1.3. μ–΄νœ˜κ΅μœ‘μ˜ λͺ©ν‘œλ‘œμ„œμ˜ μ–΄νœ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯ λͺ¨ν˜•μ˜ μˆ˜μ • 32 2. μ „λž΅ 및 μ–΄νœ˜ μ „λž΅μ˜ κ°œλ… 38 2.1. μ „λž΅μ˜ κ°œλ… 38 (1) μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅ μ „λž΅μ˜ κ°œλ… 38 (2) κ΅­μ–΄κ΅μœ‘ ν•˜μœ„ μ˜μ—­μ—μ„œμ˜ μ „λž΅μ˜ κ°œλ… 39 2.2. μ–΄νœ˜ μ „λž΅ 및 μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅μ˜ κ°œλ… 43 3. μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅μ˜ νŠΉμ„± 49 3.1. μ˜μ‹μ μΈ 인지 κ³Όμ • 49 3.2. λͺ©ν‘œ 지ν–₯적 문제 ν•΄κ²° κ³Όμ • 52 3.3. λ§₯락 μ€‘μ‹¬μ˜ μ–Έμ–΄ μˆ˜ν–‰ κ³Όμ • 52 4. μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰μ˜ κ³Όμ •κ³Ό μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅μ˜ λΆ„λ₯˜ 54 4.1. μ „λž΅μ  λŠ₯λ ₯을 μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ ν•œ μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰μ˜ κ³Όμ • 54 (1) μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰μ˜ μ–Έμ–΄ 외적 속성: 문제 ν•΄κ²° κ³Όμ • 54 (2) μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰μ˜ μ–Έμ–΄ 내적 속성: μ–΄νœ˜ 이해와 ν‘œν˜„μ˜ κ³Όμ • 58 4.2. μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅μ˜ λΆ„λ₯˜ 62 (1) μ „λž΅μ˜ 적극성에 λ”°λ₯Έ λΆ„λ₯˜: 적극적 μ „λž΅κ³Ό νšŒν”Ό μ „λž΅ 62 (2) μ‚¬νšŒμ  관계 κ³ λ € 및 ν™œμš©μ— λ”°λ₯Έ λΆ„λ₯˜: 개인적 μ „λž΅κ³Ό μ‚¬νšŒ 관계 μ „λž΅ 63 (3) 인지적 속성에 λ”°λ₯Έ λΆ„λ₯˜: 인지 μ „λž΅κ³Ό μƒμœ„ 인지 μ „λž΅ 63 4.3. μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅μ˜ 범주와 사둀 65 (1) λ§₯락 이용 μ „λž΅ 69 (2) μ–΄νœ˜μ  μ „λž΅ 73 β‘  λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ 기술적 의미 κ³ λ € 73 β‘‘ λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ 연상적 의미 κ³ λ € 74 β‘’ λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ 계열 관계 κ³ λ € 76 β‘£ λŒ€μ²΄ ν‘œν˜„ κ³ λ € 80 β‘€ λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ 톡합 관계 κ³ λ € 82 (3) 문법적 μ „λž΅ 83 β‘  λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ λ¬Έν˜• κ³ λ € 83 β‘‘ λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ μ–΄ν˜• κ³ λ € 84 (4) μ°Έμ‘° μ „λž΅ 85 β‘  λ‚΄μž¬μ  μ–Έμ–΄ μžμ› μ°Έμ‘° 85 β‘‘ μ™Έμž¬μ  μ–Έμ–΄ μžμ› μ°Έμ‘° 86 (5) μ‚¬νšŒ 관계 μ „λž΅ 87 β‘  관계 ν™œμš© μ „λž΅ 87 β‘‘ 관계 κ³ λ € μ „λž΅ 88 (6) μƒμœ„ 인지 μ „λž΅ 90 (7) νšŒν”Ό μ „λž΅ 90 4.4. μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ 과정에 λ”°λ₯Έ μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ μ‚¬μš©μ˜ 계측성 94 β…’. ν•™μŠ΅μžμ˜ μ–΄νœ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯에 λ”°λ₯Έ μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ μ‚¬μš© 양상 97 1. 쑰사 도ꡬ 97 1.1. μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ 평가 도ꡬ 97 (1) μ „λ¬Έκ°€ 타당도 κ²€ν†  97 (2) μ˜ˆλΉ„ 쑰사 101 (3) μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ 평가 λ¬Έν•­ 103 β‘  μ–΄νœ˜ 이해 μ „λž΅ 평가 λ¬Έν•­ 105 β‘‘ μ–΄νœ˜ ν‘œν˜„ μ „λž΅ 평가 λ¬Έν•­ 106 1.2. μ–΄νœ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯ 평가 도ꡬ 108 (1) 평가 λŒ€μƒ μ–΄νœ˜ 108 (2) λ¬Έν•­ μœ ν˜• 및 λ‚΄μš© 110 β‘  μ–΄νœ˜ 이해 λŠ₯λ ₯ 평가 λ¬Έν•­ 110 β‘‘ μ–΄νœ˜ ν‘œν˜„ λŠ₯λ ₯ 평가 λ¬Έν•­ 112 (3) μ˜ˆλΉ„ 쑰사 113 β‘  μ–΄νœ˜ 이해 λŠ₯λ ₯ 평가 113 β‘‘ μ–΄νœ˜ ν‘œν˜„ λŠ₯λ ₯ 평가 115 (4) μ–΄νœ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯ 평가 λ¬Έν•­ 117 (5) 평가 방식 및 평가 척도 120 β‘  맀우 우수(4점) 125 β‘‘ 우수(3점) 126 β‘’ 보톡(2점) 129 β‘£ 미흑(1점) 130 β‘€ 맀우 미흑(0점) 131 2. ν•™μŠ΅μžμ˜ μ–΄νœ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯ 평가 κ²°κ³Ό 132 2.1. μ–΄νœ˜ 이해 λŠ₯λ ₯ 평가 κ²°κ³Ό 132 (1) 평가 λ„κ΅¬μ˜ 신뒰도 132 (2) ν•™μŠ΅μžμ˜ μ–΄νœ˜ 이해 λŠ₯λ ₯ 평가 κ²°κ³Ό κ°œκ΄€ 135 (3) ν•™μŠ΅μžμ˜ μ–΄νœ˜ 이해 λŠ₯λ ₯에 λ”°λ₯Έ 집단 λΆ„λ₯˜ 141 2.2. μ–΄νœ˜ ν‘œν˜„ λŠ₯λ ₯ 평가 κ²°κ³Ό 144 (1) μ±„μ μž κ°„ 신뒰도 144 (2) ν•™μŠ΅μžμ˜ μ–΄νœ˜ ν‘œν˜„ λŠ₯λ ₯ 평가 κ²°κ³Ό κ°œκ΄€ 144 (3) ν•™μŠ΅μžμ˜ μ–΄νœ˜ ν‘œν˜„ λŠ₯λ ₯에 λ”°λ₯Έ 집단 λΆ„λ₯˜ 147 2.3. ν•™μŠ΅μžμ˜ μ–΄νœ˜ 이해 λŠ₯λ ₯κ³Ό ν‘œν˜„ λŠ₯λ ₯의 κ°„κ·Ή 150 3. ν•™μŠ΅μžμ˜ μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ μ‚¬μš© 양상 157 3.1. μ–΄νœ˜ 이해 μ „λž΅ 평가 κ²°κ³Ό 157 3.2. μ–΄νœ˜ ν‘œν˜„ μ „λž΅ 평가 κ²°κ³Ό 159 4. μ–΄νœ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯κ³Ό μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ μ‚¬μš©μ˜ 상관관계 161 4.1. 상관관계 λΆ„μ„μ˜ μ „μ œ 161 (1) μƒκ΄€κ³„μˆ˜μ˜ 해석 161 (2) μ΄μƒκ°’μ˜ 제거 164 4.2. μ–΄νœ˜ 이해 λŠ₯λ ₯κ³Ό μ–΄νœ˜ 이해 μ „λž΅ μ‚¬μš©μ˜ 상관관계 167 4.3. μ–΄νœ˜ 이해 λŠ₯λ ₯에 λ”°λ₯Έ 집단별 μ–΄νœ˜ 이해 μ „λž΅ μ‚¬μš© 양상 171 4.4. μ–΄νœ˜ ν‘œν˜„ λŠ₯λ ₯κ³Ό μ–΄νœ˜ ν‘œν˜„ μ „λž΅ μ‚¬μš©μ˜ 상관관계 177 4.5. μ–΄νœ˜ ν‘œν˜„ λŠ₯λ ₯에 λ”°λ₯Έ 집단별 μ–΄νœ˜ ν‘œν˜„ μ „λž΅ μ‚¬μš© 양상 182 4.6. μ–΄νœ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯κ³Ό μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ μ‚¬μš©μ˜ 상관관계 190 (1) μ–΄νœ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯ κ°„ 상관관계 190 (2) μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ μ‚¬μš© κ°„ 상관관계 192 (3) μ–΄νœ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯κ³Ό μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ μ‚¬μš© κ°„ 상관관계 193 5. μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ κ΅μœ‘μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ‹œμ‚¬μ  195 5.1. ν•™μŠ΅μž μœ ν˜•μ— λ”°λ₯Έ μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ ꡐ윑 섀계 195 (1) μ–΄νœ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯ 상-μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ λŠ₯λ ₯ 상 ν•™μŠ΅μž(μœ ν˜• 1)의 뢄포 및 νŠΉμ„± 197 (2) μ–΄νœ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯ 상-μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ λŠ₯λ ₯ ν•˜ ν•™μŠ΅μž(μœ ν˜• 2)의 뢄포 및 νŠΉμ„± 199 (3) μ–΄νœ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯ ν•˜-μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ λŠ₯λ ₯ 상 ν•™μŠ΅μž(μœ ν˜• 3)의 뢄포 및 νŠΉμ„± 202 (4) μ–΄νœ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯ ν•˜-μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ λŠ₯λ ₯ ν•˜ ν•™μŠ΅μž(μœ ν˜• 4)의 뢄포 및 νŠΉμ„± 205 5.2. 톡합적 μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ ꡐ윑 207 β…£. μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ ꡐ윑의 섀계 209 1. μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ ꡐ윑의 λͺ©ν‘œ 209 2. μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ ꡐ윑의 λ‚΄μš© 210 2.1. μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅μ˜ μ œμ‹œ λ°©ν–₯ 211 (1) κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • 차원 211 (2) κ΅κ³Όμ„œ 차원 212 2.2. μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ ꡐ윑 λ‚΄μš©μ˜ ꡬ성 214 (1) μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ 214 (2) μ–Έμ–΄ 자료 220 (3) κ΅μˆ˜ν•™μŠ΅ ν™œλ™ 222 3. μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ ꡐ윑의 방법 223 4. μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ ꡐ윑의 μ‹€μ œ 225 4.1. μ–΄νœ˜ 이해 μ „λž΅ ꡐ윑 ν™œλ™: 단어 의미 μΆ”λ‘ ν•˜κΈ° 225 (1) κ΅μˆ˜ν•™μŠ΅ λͺ©ν‘œ 및 λ‚΄μš© 225 (2) κ΅μˆ˜ν•™μŠ΅ 단계 226 (3) κ΅μˆ˜ν•™μŠ΅ ν™œλ™ 227 4.2. μ–΄νœ˜ ν‘œν˜„ μ „λž΅ ꡐ윑 ν™œλ™: μ‚¬νšŒμ  관계 κ³ λ €ν•˜μ—¬ ν‘œν˜„ν•˜κΈ° 231 (1) κ΅μˆ˜ν•™μŠ΅ λͺ©ν‘œ 및 λ‚΄μš© 231 (2) κ΅μˆ˜ν•™μŠ΅ 단계 232 (3) κ΅μˆ˜ν•™μŠ΅ ν™œλ™ 232 4.3. 톡합적 μ–΄νœ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰ μ „λž΅ ꡐ윑 ν™œλ™: 차별적 ν‘œν˜„ λΉ„νŒμ μœΌλ‘œ μΈμ‹ν•˜κ³  λ°”κΎΈμ–΄ 보기 235 (1) κ΅μˆ˜ν•™μŠ΅ λͺ©ν‘œ 및 λ‚΄μš© 235 (2) κ΅μˆ˜ν•™μŠ΅ 단계 236 (3) κ΅μˆ˜ν•™μŠ΅ ν™œλ™ 237 β…€. κ²°λ‘  240 1. 연ꡬ μš”μ•½ 240 2. μ œμ–Έ 245 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 247 Abstract 263 뢀둝 268Docto

    Basic Research for Unifying South and North Korean Language Education - Focusing on the Development and Analysis of Korean Language Education Contents in Preparation Unification -

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    이 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 톡일 λŒ€λΉ„ λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œ λ‚¨λΆν•œ ν•™μŠ΅μžμ—κ²Œ ν•„μš”ν•œ ꡐ윑 λ‚΄μš© 및 방법을 κ°œλ°œν•˜κ³ , 이λ₯Ό μ‹€μ œ ν˜„μž₯μ—μ„œ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•΄ λ΄„μœΌλ‘œμ¨ 톡일 이후 κ΅­μ–΄κ΅μœ‘ 톡합에 λŒ€ν•œ 지침을 μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ μˆ˜ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ λ‚¨λΆν•œ κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •κ³Ό κ΅κ³Όμ„œ, λΆν•œ μ΄νƒˆ μ²­μ†Œλ…„μ„ μœ„ν•œ κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ • 및 κ΅κ³Όμ„œλ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜κ³ , λΆν•œ ν•™μŠ΅μžμ— λŒ€ν•œ 이해λ₯Ό 도λͺ¨ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λΆν•œ μ΄νƒˆ μ²­μ†Œλ…„ λŒ€μ•ˆ 학ꡐλ₯Ό μ°Έκ΄€ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이λ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ 톡일 λŒ€λΉ„ λ‚¨λΆν•œ ν•™μŠ΅μžλ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ ꡐ윑 λ‚΄μš©μ„ μ„ μ •ν•˜μ—¬ κ΅μˆ˜Β·ν•™μŠ΅ κ³Όμ •μ•ˆμ„ κ΅¬μ•ˆν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ΅¬μ•ˆλœ κ΅μˆ˜ν•™μŠ΅ κ³Όμ •μ•ˆμ„ ν™œμš©ν•˜μ—¬ 학ꡐ ν˜„μž₯μ—μ„œ μ‹€μ œ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ μ‹€μ‹œν•˜κ³ , μˆ˜μ—… μž₯면을 λ™μ˜μƒμœΌλ‘œ μ΄¬μ˜ν•˜μ—¬ ν•™μŠ΅μž λ°˜μ‘μ„ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ ν˜„μ§ ꡐ사λ₯Ό λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ μ „λ¬Έκ°€ μˆ˜μ—…ν‰κ°€λ₯Ό μ‹€μ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄μƒμ˜ λ‚΄μš©μ„ λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ λ³Έκ³ μ—μ„œλŠ” 크게 언어적 차이 및 κ΅­μ–΄μ˜μ‹μ˜ 차이 인식 μΈ‘λ©΄, 톡일 λŒ€λΉ„ κ΅­μ–΄κ΅μœ‘ 톡합을 μœ„ν•œ μˆ˜μ—… 주제 및 제재의 μ μ ˆμ„± μΈ‘λ©΄, ν•™μŠ΅μžμ˜ μˆ˜μ€€ κ³ λ € μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ—¬ ν–₯ν›„ 연ꡬλ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ μ œμ–Έμ„ λ§ˆλ ¨ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. This study aims to develop Korean language educational contents and methods, which is necessary in preparation the unification of Korea. These contents and methods, will then be applied to a classroom setting and guidelines for unifying Korean language education in South and North Korea will be Provided. To develop educational contents and methods, we analyzed the curriculum and textbooks of South and North Korea, and those for North Korean youth refugees. In addition, we observed classes in alternative schools for North Korean youth refugees. We created teaching-learning lesson plans, applied those to a classroom setting, surveyed the students, and requested current teachers to evaluate the class. Based on the above information, we analyzed the lessons according to the following points: a consciousness of language differences and differences in language consciousness, appropriateness of class topics and teaching materials, and consideration of the learners ability. This helped us prepare recommendations for future research
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