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    ์ด์กฑ(ๅฝๆ—)์˜ ์ƒค๋จธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜: ์ค‘๊ตญ์“ฐ์ดจ์„ฑ ๋Ÿ‰์‚ฐ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•„์ž๋Š” 1996๋…„ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„๊ณผ 1998๋…„ ๊ฒจ์šธ์˜ ์ด 4๊ฐœ์›” ์—ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ๋Ÿ‰์‚ฐ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ด์กฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฏผ์กฑํ•™์  ํ˜„์ง€์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๊ทธ ๋•Œ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ์™€ ์•ž์—์„œ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ค‘ํ™”์ธ๋ฏผ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฏผ์กฑํ•™๊ณ„์™€ ๋ฏผ์†ํ•™๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒค๋จธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜๊ณผ ๋ฌด(ๅทซ)๋ฅผ ๋ณ„๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์˜จ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ƒค๋จธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ์‹œ๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ƒค๋จธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์˜ ํ•œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ค‘๊ตญ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์˜ ๋ถ๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋ถ„ํฌํ•œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ข…๊ตํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ํ˜‘์˜์˜ ์ƒค๋จธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ด ์ง€๋‹Œ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์™€ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์† ์ฑ„์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์˜จ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ค‘๊ตญํ•™๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒค๋จธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ํ•œ์–ด(ๆผข่ชž)๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋งŒ์ž์˜ค(่–ฉๆปฟๆ•Ž)๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒค๋จธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ด ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์•Œํƒ€์ด์–ด ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๋ฏผ์กฑ๊ณผ ์‹œ๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ์•„ โ€ข ๋™๋ถ์•„์‹œ์•„ - ๋ถ๋ถ€์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์˜ ์ธ๋””์–ธ ๊ณ ๋Œ€์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ์›ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์›๋ž˜ ์ž์—ฐ์ˆญ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ ์ฐจ ์กฐ์ƒ์ˆญ๋ฐฐ์™€ ๊ฐ์ข…์ธ๋ฌผ์ˆญ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ดํ•ดํ•œ๋‹ค(ๆปฟ้ƒฝ็ˆพๅœ– 1999: 49). ์ด์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์•Œํƒ€์ด์–ด ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋‚จ๋ถ€์— ๋ถ„ํฌํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ์ˆ˜๋ฏผ์กฑ๊ณผ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ํ•œ์กฑ์ด ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋„ ์‹ ์•™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ˆ (magic) ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ข…๊ต๋ฅผ ์šฐ(ๅทซ)'๋ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์šฐ์Šค(ๅทซๅธซ)๊ฐ€ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ข…๊ต์˜๋ก€๋ฅผ ์šฐ์ˆ˜(ๅทซ่ก“)๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅธ๋‹ค(ๅผต็ดซ ๆ™จ 1990: 37). ๊ทธ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•œ๊ตญํ•™๊ณ„์˜ ์ƒค๋จธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ถ„ํžˆ ์‹œ๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ƒค๋จธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์™”๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ ์˜์—ญ์— ํฌํ•จ์‹œ์ผฐ๋˜ ์ค‘๊ตญ ๋‚จ๋ถ€์™€ ํ‹ฐ๋ฒ ํŠธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™๋‚จ์•„์‹œ์•„์˜ ์ƒค๋จธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ฑ„์›Œ์•ผ ํ•  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ๋ฌธ์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ ๋‚จ๋ถ€์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ ๋™๋‚จ์•„์‹œ์•„ ๋ถ๋ถ€์ง€์—ญ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ง‘๋‹จ(ethnic group)์˜ ์ƒค๋จธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅํ›„ ํ•œ๊ตญํ•™๊ณ„์— ๊ณ„์† ๋ˆ„์ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ๋จผ์ € ์ค‘๊ตญ ์“ฐํ™˜์„ฑ ๋Ÿ‰์‚ฐ์ง€์—ญ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ด์กฑ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ „์ฒด์ƒ์„ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ง€์ (ethnographic)์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์„œ์ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ 1980๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋Ÿ‰์‚ฐ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์—ฐํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค

    ์„œ์šธ์‹œ ๋‚ด 6๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์œ ํ˜•์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ๊ฐ€๋กœ์˜ ์งˆ์  ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„์‹œ์„ค๊ณ„์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ํŠนํžˆ ์ค‘์‹œ๋˜์–ด์˜จ ํŠน์„ฑ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑcoherence์ด๋‹ค. โ€˜๊ฐ€๋กœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์งˆ์„œโ€™, โ€˜์ฃผ์œ„ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„โ€™ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์ด์šฉ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋œ ์ „์ฒด๋กœ์„œ ์™€๋‹ฟ๊ฒŒ๋” ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋„์‹œ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜ ์‹ค๋ฌด์ ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์ถ”๊ตฌ๋˜์–ด ์˜จ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, โ€œ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์—ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹คโ€๋Š” ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์  ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ์˜์˜๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”๋„์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์•„์ง ๋‚ด์šฉ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜, ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜ ์ œํ•œ๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผํ…Œ๋ฉด โ€˜๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ๋†’์ดโ€™์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ(โ€˜์š”์†Œโ€™์™€ โ€˜์†์„ฑโ€™์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ)์˜ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ์š”์ธ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€, ์š”์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์—†๋Š”์ง€ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒ์ƒ‰๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ ํ˜•์„ฑ์š”์ธ ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰์— ์•ž์„œ ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ์„ ์™œ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹น์œ„์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด์™€, ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์˜ ์งˆ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์ด ์ด๋ค„์งˆ ํ•„์š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์˜ ์งˆ ์ธ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹น์—ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์˜ ์งˆ์  ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ค์ •๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฐ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฐ€๋กœ์œ ํ˜•์ด ์ธ์‹์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์ปจ๋Œ€ ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์˜ ์งˆ์  ๋ฒ”์œ„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ณดํ–‰๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์œ„์— ์ƒํ’ˆ ์ง„์—ด๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋” ์ข‹์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์‹ค์ œ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์—์„œ์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ƒํ’ˆ ์ง„์—ด๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธธ ์œ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์™€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ๋” ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋กœ์œ ํ˜•์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋„, ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์ƒ์—…๊ฐ€๋กœ์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€๋กœ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ด€๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์–ด์šธ๋ฆผ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์˜ ์งˆ์  ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚ดํฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์˜ ์งˆ ์ธ์‹์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ ํ˜•์„ฑ์š”์ธ ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์„ค์ •๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์ ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ โ€˜์กฐ์‚ฌ1โ€™๊ณผ โ€˜์กฐ์‚ฌ2โ€™๋กœ ์นญํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ด๋ก  ๋ฐ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ •๋ฆฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ง„ํ–‰์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ† ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ก  ๋ฐ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋จผ์ € โ€˜๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ โ†’ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€ ํŠน์„ฑ โ†’ ์ •์„œ์  ๋ฐ˜์‘ยทํ‰๊ฐ€ โ†’ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์˜ ์งˆโ€™๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ธ์‹ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ , ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์˜ ์งˆ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚ดํฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ์„ โ€˜๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์งˆ์„œ๊ฐ/ํ†ต์ผ๊ฐ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์„œ๋กœ ๋˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์œ„ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์— ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋„โ€™๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋…ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์˜ ์งˆ์ด ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ”์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์ฐจ์ด ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์—์„œ์˜ โ€˜์ ์‘์ˆ˜์ค€adaptation level ์ด๋ก โ€™, โ€˜ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜environmental load ์ด๋ก โ€™, โ€˜ํ–‰ํƒœ์˜ ์žฅbehaviour setting ์ด๋ก โ€™ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ •๋ฆฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, โ€˜์ •์—ฐ์„ฑโ€™๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๊ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธก์ •๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์žฅ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ํฌ๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š” โ€˜์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ๋น„๊ตํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์‹โ€™์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ด€๋ จ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์‹ค์ œ ์‹ค๋ฌด ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์œ ํ˜•ํ™” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์œ ํ˜•์„ ์ค‘์ €์ธต ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€๋กœ, ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ/์ „๋ฉด/์ง‘์‚ฐ/์ด๋ฉด ์ƒ์—…๊ฐ€๋กœ, ์ „๋ฉด ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐ€๋กœ์˜ 6๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์‹คํ—˜๊ณ„ํš๋ฒ•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์„ ์ •์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋งฅ๋ฝ ๋ฐ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ดฌ์˜ํ™”๊ฐ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•œ ํ›„ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์กฐ์‚ฌ1์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์˜ ์งˆ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 1๊ฐœ, ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 8๊ฐœ(์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ, ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ, ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ, ์œ ์ง€๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์ค€, ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์„ฑ, ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ฑ, ๋ณดํ–‰ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ, ์ต์ˆ™๋„), ์ •์„œ์  ๋ฐ˜์‘ยทํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 2๊ฐœ(๊ฐ์„ฑ๋„, ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ)๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ€๋กœ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ๊ต์ฐจ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๋‹ค์ธต ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์†์—์„œ ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์˜ ์งˆ ์ธ์‹์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ, ์กฐ์‚ฌ2์—์„œ๋Š” ์กฐ์‚ฌ1 ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ ๋น„์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์œ ํ˜• ์ค‘ ํŠนํžˆ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ์—…๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ตฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ ํ˜•์„ฑ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ข…ํ•ฉ ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 1๊ฐœ์™€ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋ณ„ ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 12๊ฐœ(๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๊ทœ๋ชจ, ๊ฑด๋ฌผ 1์ธต ์ƒ‰์ฑ„ยท์žฌ์งˆ, ๊ฑด๋ฌผ 2์ธต ์ด์ƒ ์ƒ‰์ฑ„ยท์žฌ์งˆ, ๋ณด๋„/๋ฐ”๋‹ฅํฌ์žฅ ์ƒ‰์ฑ„ยทํŒจํ„ด, ๊ฐ„ํŒ ์ •๋ ฌ๋„, ๊ฐ„ํŒ ํฌ๊ธฐ, ๊ฐ„ํŒ ์ƒ‰์ฑ„, ๊ฐ€๋กœ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ ๋””์ž์ธ/๋ฐฐ์น˜, ๊ฑด์ถ•์„  ์ผ์น˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ๋น„์ •ํ˜• ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์œ ๋ฌด, ๋ณด๋„/๋ฐ”๋‹ฅํฌ์žฅ ์กฐ์„ฑ ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ์‹์žฌ ์–‘์ƒ)๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ๊ต์ฐจ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๋‹ค์ธต๋ชจํ˜• ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ๋นˆ๋„๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ์„œ์ˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋ณ„ ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์  ํšจ๊ณผ, ์ •์—ฐํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์  ํšจ๊ณผ, ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ ํ˜•์„ฑ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. โ€˜์กฐ์‚ฌ1โ€™ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ์€ 6๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์œ ํ˜• ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚ดํฌ๋œ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์˜ ์งˆ ์ธ์‹์— ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •(+)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ƒ์—…๊ฐ€๋กœ์—์„œ, ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์˜ ์งˆ ์ธ์‹์— ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •(+)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ ์œ ๋ฌด๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ •๋„(๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€ ํŠน์„ฑ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ ์ˆœ์œ„)๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋น„์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€๋กœ์—์„œ ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ˆœ์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋น„์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” โ€˜ํ–‰ํƒœ์˜ ์žฅ ์ด๋ก โ€™์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ์–‘์ƒ์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€๋กœ์œ ํ˜•์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์˜ ์งˆ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€๋กœ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. โ€˜์กฐ์‚ฌ2โ€™ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ์ƒ์—…๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŠนํžˆ ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๊ณผ ํŠน์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑด๋ฌผ 1์ธต ์ƒ‰์ฑ„ยท์žฌ์งˆ, ๊ฐ„ํŒ ์ƒ‰์ฑ„, ๊ฐ„ํŒ ์ •๋ ฌ๋„, ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ˆ˜ยท์กฐ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์—ฐ์†์ /๋Œ€์นญ์  ์‹์žฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ์ƒ์—…๊ฐ€๋กœ ์œ ํ˜•์—์„œ๋‚˜ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์–ด์„œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์™€ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ ๋””์ž์ธ/๋ฐฐ์น˜ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒ์—…๊ฐ€๋กœ ์œ ํ˜•์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ 2์ธต ์ด์ƒ ์ƒ‰์ฑ„ยท์žฌ์งˆ๊ณผ ๋ณด๋„/๋ฐ”๋‹ฅํฌ์žฅ ์ƒ‰์ฑ„ยทํŒจํ„ด์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์œ„๊ณ„์˜ ์ƒ์—…๊ฐ€๋กœ(๊ทผ๋ฆฐ, ์ด๋ฉด)์™€ ๋†’์€ ์œ„๊ณ„์˜ ์ƒ์—…๊ฐ€๋กœ(์ „๋ฉด, ์ง‘์‚ฐ)์—์„œ, ๊ฐ„ํŒ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ด๋ฉด ์ƒ์—…๊ฐ€๋กœ์—์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์–ด, ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ฉด์ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŠนํžˆ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์„œ์ˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ง€์ง€๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๋“ฏ ๊ฐ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋ณ„ ํšจ๊ณผ์˜ โ€˜๋ฒ”์œ„โ€™๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ค‘์ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์š”์†Œ ์„ค์ • ๋“ฑ ์ƒ์—…๊ฐ€๋กœ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™”๋œ ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋ณ„ ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ •์—ฐํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋“ค์˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์  ํšจ๊ณผ ๋˜ํ•œ ์กด์žฌํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒ์—…๊ฐ€๋กœ ์œ ํ˜•์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์งˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ ์ˆ˜๋ก ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ข…ํ•ฉ ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋น„์„ ํ˜•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์ •์—ฐํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์ด 2~4๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‘์„œ๋„ˆ ๊ฐœ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋งŒ ์ž˜ ์ •๋น„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด๋„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€ ์ „์ฒด๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ์ •์—ฐํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์‹๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์„œ์ˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ๊ท ์ผ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ ๊ฐ„์— ์—ฐ์†์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€/ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋น„๋ก€ ์ƒ์˜ ์กฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์š”์ธ์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ์ฐจํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํžˆ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ, ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋กœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ๊ณ„ํš๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ์‹œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๋„์‹œ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋˜์–ด ์™”์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ โ€˜์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑโ€™์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์˜ ์งˆ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ์ด ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํžˆ ๋ฐํ˜€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜์˜๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๋„์‹œ์„ค๊ณ„์˜ ์‹คํ–‰์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์ถ”๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•ฉ๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์ง€์นจ/์‹ฌ์˜๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋ณ„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‹น์œ„์„ฑ์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ํŒŒ์•…๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ œํ•œ๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์ˆ ์  ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•จ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด, ์‹ค์ฒœ์  ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ๋ณด๊ฐ•์—๋„ ์ด๋ฐ”์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ๋ก€์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ทจ๋“๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฐจํ›„ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ , ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์œ ํ˜• ์™ธ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์— ๋†“์—ฌ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์  ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์–ด, ์ด๋Š” ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ณผ์ œ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.A characteristic that has been particularly emphasized in urban design regarding the quality of a street is the visual coherence of its streetscape. To make streets feel as an integrated whole to the user through โ€˜coherenceโ€™, commonly expressed as โ€˜visual order between streetscape elementsโ€™, โ€˜designing in accordance with the surrounding contextโ€™ or such, is a goal that has been pursued steadily in both theory and practice of the urban design field. However, with the exception of the normative demand that โ€œstreetscapes must be visually coherentโ€, studies on coherence are still limited in both content and empiricism compared to its given significance. Exploration and validation is in need regarding, for instance, what the specific factors for forming coherence in terms of streetscape element sectors (a combination of an โ€˜elementโ€™ and its โ€˜attributeโ€™, such as โ€˜building heightโ€™) and each of their individual effects would be, or whether any collective effects exist due to the aggregation of such factors. Meanwhile, prior to studying the factors in coherence formation (hereinafter referred to as coherence-formation factors, CFFs) and their effects, verification on whether coherence actually does affect the perception of a streetscapeโ€™s quality in the first place is also necessary to gain justification for why coherence should be formed. This is because that although the effect of coherence on the perception of street quality (SQ) may seem obvious, there is no guarantee that it will always be maintained or appear to the same extent depending on how the conceptual range of a streetscapeโ€™s โ€˜qualityโ€™ is defined, or what kind of street type is targeted. For example, a street without a commodity display upon the sidewalk may be visually appealing due to high coherence, but being able to directly interact on the street could be perceived as better when the actual experience of the place is also taken into consideration; or, unlike commercial streets with complex visual compositions, visual matching between streetscape elements in residential streets could be perceived as relatively insignificant. Therefore, this study aimed to (1) identify the effect of visual coherence on the perception of SQ by street type when the conceptual range of โ€˜qualityโ€™ extends to connoting the experience of a place, and (2) explore the CFFs in terms of streetscape element sectors and their individual/collective effects. In line with such two-part research aims, the study was largely composed of two sub-studies that conducted empirical analyses on each of them, referred to as โ€˜Study 1โ€™ and โ€˜Study 2โ€™ respectively. Subsequent theory/literature review and establishment of research methods laid the foundation for the overall research progress. Theory first identified the SQ perception structure of โ€˜streetscape element โ†’ streetscape characteristics โ†’ affective appraisal โ†’ streetscape qualityโ€™, and examined especially how the streetscape characteristics taken into consideration should u/uexpand when the conceptual range of quality extends to connoting place experience. Coherence was conceptualized as โ€˜the degree to which various elements visually fit each other or with the surrounding context in an orderly/uniform mannerโ€™ from following literature review. Finally, reasons why the effect of coherence may differ depending on the conceptual range of quality and street type were structurally explained, where the difference between street types was explicated in particular through a combination of three environmental psychology theories: โ€˜Adaptation Level Theoryโ€™, โ€˜Environmental Load Theoryโ€™, and โ€˜Behaviour Setting Theoryโ€™. With regard to research methods, the following were established: First, the โ€˜image comparison methodโ€™ was set as the means for measurement of visually perceived variables (such as coherence), where multiple street pictures are viewed simultaneously and their relative size or degree in each variable are compared. Second, in reference to related studies and actual street design guidelines, six street types were set: low- to mid-rise residential, neighbourhood /frontal/collector/backstreet commercial, and frontal business. Third, a streetscape case-selection system drawn from the application of a design of experiments method was devised to systematically select the target streets, and the most appropriate angle of view to convey information on the overall context and characteristics of the streetscape was derived for photographing them. Fourth, one SQ variable, eight streetscape characteristic variables (coherence, complexity, openness, maintenance, imageability, interactiveness, walking comfort, familiarity), and two affective appraisal variables (arousal, safety) were set in Study 1, and the effect of coherence on the perception of SQ with relation to other variables was analysed through a cross-classified multilevel path analysis for each street type. Fifth, while Study 1 found that the effect of coherence is more important in non-residential street types, the commercial street group especially constitute an important part of the daily lives of most citizens; hence, commercial streets were targeted in particular for the analysis of CFFs in Study 2. One overall coherence variable and twelve streetscape element sector variables (building size, 1st floor colourยทmaterial, 2nd and above floor colourยทmaterial, sidewalk/pavement colourยทpattern, sign alignment, sign size, sign colour, street furniture design/arrangement, building line alignment, atypical building presence, sidewalk/pavement presence, planting pattern) were set, and the individual effects of sector-specific coherence, the collective effect by the aggregation of coherent sectors, and additional CFFs were analysed for each street type through a combination of cross-classified multilevel analysis and frequency analysis on quantitative data, and text network analysis on qualitative interview data. Results in Study 1 show that visual coherence has a direct positive effect for all six street types on the perception of SQ, even when it connotes place experience. It also shows an indirect positive effect through the safety-enhancing path for most commercial streets. Meanwhile, while the existence of the effect of coherence did not change depending on street type, its degree of effect (rank of effect size compared to other streetscape characteristics) differed. The effect of coherence had mostly higher ranks for non-residential streets than residential streets, and differences in detailed aspects were also found within non-residential streets in a direction that conformed to the behaviour setting theory. It was therefore determined that while coherence can enhance SQ in all street types, its effect is relatively more important on non-residential streets than residential ones. Results in Study 2 show that, first, the streetscape element sectors can be divided into those that have a particularly more commonly-functioning effect on various cases of commercial streetscapes, and those that have an effect in certain circumstances. โ€˜1st floor colourยทmaterialโ€™, โ€˜sign colourโ€™, โ€˜sign alignmentโ€™, and โ€˜continuous/symmetrical planting of street treesยทlandscapeโ€™ showed significant effects on any commercial street type, followed by โ€˜building sizeโ€™ and โ€˜street furniture design/arrangementโ€™ which also showed effects on various street types. On the other hand, โ€˜2nd and above floor colourยทmaterialโ€™ and โ€˜sidewalk/pavement colourยทpatternโ€™ respectively showed significant effects on low-hierarchy (neighbourhood, backstreet) and high-hierarchy (frontal, collector) commercial streets, and โ€˜sign sizeโ€™ showed a significant effect on the backstreet type only; which, if put together, can be interpreted as the sectors having a particular effect on those street types where each sector has a higher area ratio compared to other types. The above quantitative results were also mostly found to be mutually supportive with the interview data analysis results. Therefore, through such division of the โ€˜rangeโ€™ of the sectorsโ€™ effects was figured out that when establishing plans for enhancing coherence of commercial streets (e.g., setting the key elements for design management), it would be possible to differentiate those plans in accordance with each commercial street typeโ€™s characteristics. Second, it was revealed that apart from the individual effects of sector-specific coherence, a collective effect due to the aggregation of coherent sectors may also exist. For every commercial street type, the number of cases perceived as actually high in overall coherence displayed a non-linearly increasing trend as the number of sectors that were rated high in each of its own visual order increased, and its ratio was shown to increase noticeably especially when the number of coherent sectors reached 2~4. As such, it was found that even if only a few sectors were able to be well maintained, the streetscape as a whole could possibly be perceived as coherent. Third, some additional CFFs were drawn from interview data analysis results in the direction of increasing the visual uniformity of the streetscape, or maintaining/forming continuity or proportional harmony among the streetscape elements. While these are in need of further verification in future studies, it is believed that they would also be available for reference when establishing design guidelines for the formation of coherence. To summarize, this study holds significance in that it examined in depth the concept of โ€˜visual coherenceโ€™, which has been constantly mentioned as important within the urban design field on a normative level but lacking in detailed empirical evidence, and thereby identified the effect of coherence on the perception of SQ and discovered more closely the conditions for its formation. Furthermore, it can be seen as both suggesting the propriety of seeking coherence enhancement through urban design practice, and supporting the appropriateness of managing streetscape element sectors through guidelines/review standards of the public sector. Therefore, it is expected that the study would ultimately expand academic discussions on coherence that have been lingering at a limited state so far, while also contributing to strengthening its practical discussions.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  7 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 9 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฒ”์œ„ 9 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 11 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก  ๋ฐ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 14 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์˜ ์งˆ ์ธ์‹ 14 1. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ธ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ œ 14 2. ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์˜ ์งˆ ์ธ์‹ ๊ตฌ์กฐ 15 3. ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์˜ ์งˆ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 21 4. ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์˜ ์งˆ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ํ™•์žฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€ ํŠน์„ฑ ํ™•๋Œ€ 24 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ 32 1. ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ์˜์˜ 32 2. ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ ํ˜•์„ฑ 38 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์˜ ์งˆ 43 1. ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์˜ ์งˆ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 43 2. ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์˜ ์งˆ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ฐจ์ด 44 3. ๊ฐ€๋กœ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ฐจ์ด 46 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ 54 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 56 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ธก์ •๋ฐฉ์‹ ์„ค์ • 56 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 56 2. ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ธก์ •๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ๋งค์ฒด ์„ค์ • 58 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์œ ํ˜• ์„ค์ • 59 1. ์œ ํ˜• ์„ค์ • ๊ณผ์ • ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 59 2. ์œ ํ˜•ํ™” ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋„์ถœ ๋ฐ ์œ ํ˜• ๊ตฌ์ถ•ยทํ†ตํ•ฉ 60 3. ์œ ํ˜• ์ตœ์ข… ์„ค์ • 62 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์„ ์ • ๋ฐ ์ดฌ์˜ 123 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์„ ์ • ๋ฐ ์ดฌ์˜ ๊ณผ์ • 64 2. ๊ฐ€๋กœ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์„ ์ •์ฒด๊ณ„ 64 3. ๊ฐ€๋กœ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋กœ ํƒ์ƒ‰ ๋ฐ ์„ ์ • 73 4. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ดฌ์˜๋ฐฉ์‹ 83 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์„ค์ • ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์„ค ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ 87 1. ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€๊ฐ์  ํŠน์„ฑ ์„ค์ • 87 2. ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ ํ˜•์„ฑ์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์„ค์ • 93 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ 105 ์ œ 5 ์ ˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 109 1. ์ง€๊ฐ์  ํŠน์„ฑ๋ณ„ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ๋น„๊ตํ‰๊ฐ€ 109 2. ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋ณ„ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ๋น„๊ตํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ 113 ์ œ 6 ์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 118 1. ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ž๋ฃŒ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ๊ต์ฐจ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๋‹ค์ธต๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ ์šฉ 118 2. ์„œ์ˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ ์–ธ์–ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ถ„์„ 123 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์˜ ์งˆ ์ธ์‹์—๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 126 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 126 1. ํ‰๊ฐ€์ž๋ฃŒ ์ทจ๋“ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 126 2. ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ ๊ฒ€ 127 3. ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  139 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 144 1. ์ค‘์ €์ธต ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€๋กœ 145 2. ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์ƒ์—…๊ฐ€๋กœ 148 3. ์ „๋ฉด ์ƒ์—…๊ฐ€๋กœ 151 4. ์ง‘์‚ฐ ์ƒ์—…๊ฐ€๋กœ 154 5. ์ด๋ฉด ์ƒ์—…๊ฐ€๋กœ 157 6. ์ „๋ฉด ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐ€๋กœ 160 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผํ•ด์„ ๋ฐ ํ† ์˜ 163 1. ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ์˜ ์ง์ ‘ํšจ๊ณผ 164 2. ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ„์ ‘ํšจ๊ณผ 164 3. ๊ฐ€๋กœ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ 166 4. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 168 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ ํ˜•์„ฑ์š”์ธ 172 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 172 1. ํ‰๊ฐ€์ž๋ฃŒ ์ทจ๋“ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 172 2. ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ ๊ฒ€ 173 3. ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  180 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 185 1. ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์ƒ์—…๊ฐ€๋กœ 185 2. ์ „๋ฉด ์ƒ์—…๊ฐ€๋กœ 190 3. ์ง‘์‚ฐ ์ƒ์—…๊ฐ€๋กœ 195 4. ์ด๋ฉด ์ƒ์—…๊ฐ€๋กœ 200 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผํ•ด์„ ๋ฐ ํ† ์˜ 205 1. ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์  ํšจ๊ณผ 205 2. ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฒฝ๊ด€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์  ํšจ๊ณผ 211 3. ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •์—ฐ์„ฑ ํ˜•์„ฑ์š”์ธ 214 4. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 216 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  219 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์š”์•ฝ 219 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  ๋ฐ ์ •์ฑ…์  ํ•จ์˜ 223 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ณผ์ œ 226 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 228 ๋ถ€๋ก 243 Abstract 263๋ฐ•

    ์ œ์กฐ์—… ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ์ง๋ฌธํ™”์™€ ์กฐ์ง์œ ํšจ์„ฑ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์กฐ์ง๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ

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