48 research outputs found

    ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ €ํ•˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ

    Get PDF
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋ณด๊ฑด๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ, 2018. 2. ๊น€์ฐฝ์—ฝ.๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ค‘์—์„œ ํ‰๊ท ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. 2015๋…„ ์ผ๋ณธ์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์ˆ˜๋ช…์€ 79.2์„ธ, ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ 85.5์„ธ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ณด๊ฑด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด 2030๋…„์— ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž์•„์ด์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋ช…์€ 90์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ „๋ง๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ธ์ธ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋…ธ์ธ์„ฑ ์งˆํ™˜๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ์ธ, ๊ฐ€์กฑ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์งˆํ™˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์žฅ์• ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์น˜๋งค์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์น˜๋งค์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋„์ธ์ง€์žฅ์• ์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ๋งŒ ์ง€์—ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธํ˜• ์น˜๋งค์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋Š” ์•„์ง ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ค‘์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋งŒ์„ฑ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ง„ํ–‰์„ฑ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์น˜๋งค๋Š” ์น˜๋งค ์ „๋‹จ๊ณ„์ธ ๊ฒฝ๋„์ธ์ง€์žฅ์•  ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง„ํ–‰์„ ๋ง‰๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ์ผ์ฐจ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์น˜๋งค ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘๋ฅ  ์ €ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์น˜๋งค ์œ ๋ณ‘๋ฅ  ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‡„ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์ผ์ฐจ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์•ฝ 50% ์ˆ˜์ค€๊นŒ์ง€ ์น˜๋งค ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŒํผ, ๋น„์šฉ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์น˜๋งค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ณผ ์œ„ํ—˜์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์น˜๋งค๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์น˜๋งค์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ„ํ—˜์ธ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŒŒ์•…์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์  ์„ ํ›„ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ธ๊ตฌํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ–‰ํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ๋“ฑ์ด ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ €ํ•˜์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ณดํ—˜๊ณต๋‹จ์ด 2017๋…„๋„์— ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ณธ ์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธ 2.0 DB๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ‘œ๋ณธ ์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธ 2.0 DB ๋Š” 2002๋…„ 12์›”๋ง ์ž๊ฒฉ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ ์ค‘ 2002๋…„, 2003๋…„ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ฒ€์ง„์„ ๋ฐ›์€ 40-79์„ธ 515๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ 10%์ธ ์•ฝ 51๋งŒ๋ช…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 2002-2015(14๋…„๊ฐ„)์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์šฉ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋“ค ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ 2009๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2011๋…„๋„์— 66์„ธ์ธ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€ 4๋…„ ๋’ค์ธ 2013๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2015๋…„๋„์— 70์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” 10,094๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ, ์ธ๊ตฌํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ–‰ํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ง€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ €ํ•˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งŒ 70์„ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ ์ค‘ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์€ ์ด ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž 10,094๋ช… ์ค‘ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด 4,998๋ช…(49.5%), ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด 5,096๋ช…(50.5%)์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚จ์„ฑ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ €ํ•˜๊ฐ€ 42.8%, ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—์„œ๋Š” 57.2%๋กœ, ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—์„œ ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ €ํ•˜์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ €ํ•˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ์—ฐ๋ น(t=-137.45, p<.001), ์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ธฐ ํ˜ˆ์••(t=2.32, p<.05)์—์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌํ•™์ , ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ ๋ฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ–‰ํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ €ํ•˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์š”์ธ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์ธ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚จ์„ฑ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ €ํ•˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด 2.24๋ฐฐ์ด๋ฉฐ(p<.05), ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ €ํ•˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ๋‘˜๋ ˆ๋Š” ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ €ํ•˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด 1.02๋ฐฐ์ด๋ฉฐ(p<.05) ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ๋‘˜๋ ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ €ํ•˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์ฒด์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ์ง€์ˆ˜์™€ ์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ธฐ ํ˜ˆ์••์˜ ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ €ํ•˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 0.94, 0.99๋ฐฐ์ด๋ฉฐ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ (p<.05), ์ฒด์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ธฐ ํ˜ˆ์••์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ €ํ•˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์š”๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์˜ ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ €ํ•˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์€ 1.41๋ฐฐ(p<.05), ํ˜ˆ์ƒ‰์†Œ๋Š” 1.08๋ฐฐ(p<.05), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ๋งˆ์ง€ํ‹ฐํ”ผ๋Š” 1.00๋ฐฐ์ด๋ฉฐ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(p<.05). ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ ฅ, ์‹ฌ์žฅ๋ณ‘ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ €ํ•˜ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 1.79๋ฐฐ, 1.48๋ฐฐ์ด๋ฉฐ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(p<.05). ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ–‰ํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ์ธ ํก์—ฐ์€ ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ €ํ•˜ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๊ฐ€ 1.45๋ฐฐ์ด๋ฉฐ(p<.05), ์Œ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ €ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ น์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—์„œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ–‰ํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ๋„ ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ƒ์• ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐœ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ์™€ ์ž์›์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋…ธ๋…„๊ธฐ์— ๋ˆ„์ ์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒ์• ๊ณผ์ •์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋ˆ„์ ๋œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ €ํ•˜์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์™„ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŠน์ • ์งˆํ™˜์— ๊ตญํ•œ๋œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋ฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์ œ๊ณต์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ƒ์•  ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ๋ณต์ง€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š”์–ด : ๋…ธ์ธ, ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ๊ด€๋ จ์š”์ธ, ์ƒ์• ๊ณผ์ • ํ•™ ๋ฒˆ : 2012-21882I. ์„œ ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  6 II. ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 7 1. ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ 7 2. ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 12 2. ์ƒ์• ๊ณผ์ •๊ด€์  14 III. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 20 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ‹€ 20 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ 20 3. ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์„ ์ • ๋ฐ ์ •์˜ 21 4. ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 24 IV. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 25 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ 25 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ–‰ํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ 26 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ 29 4. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๋ณ„ ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ €ํ•˜ ์ฐจ์ด 30 5. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ €ํ•˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์š”์ธ 32 V. ๊ณ  ์ฐฐ 36 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 42 Abstract 51Maste

    Education and the reproduction of labor forces in North Korea, 1954-1963

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ต์œกํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์œกํ•™์ „๊ณต,2003.Docto

    Formation of the Labor Discipline in North Korean Education

    No full text
    ์ด ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜์  ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋กœ ์ฃผ์กฐํ•ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋…ธ๋™ ๊ทœ์œจ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์‚ฐ์—…๋…ธ๋™๋ ฅ์ด ๋Œ€๊ฑฐ ์ฐฝ์ถœ๋˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜์  ๋…ธ๋™์ž ์–‘์„ฑ์ด ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€๊ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ์‚ฐ์—…๋…ธ๋™ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋™ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”๊ณผ ๊ทœ์œจ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ๋…ธ๋™๋ ฅ์„ ์–‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™ ๊ทœ์œจ ํ˜•์„ฑ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ต๊ณผ์ˆ˜์—…๊ณผ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋…ธ๋™, ์ˆ˜์—… ๊ทœ์œจ, ๊ต๋‚ด ๊ทœ์น™์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ํ•™๊ต๊ต์œก์—์„œ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™ ๊ทœ์œจ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์ด ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ช…์‹œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ •์น˜์‚ฌ์ƒ ๊ต๊ณผ์™€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์‹ค์Šต ๊ต๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ธ๋™์— ํ—Œ์‹ ํ•˜๋Š” ํƒœ๋„์™€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ฃผ์˜์  ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ์กฐ์ง๋˜๋Š” ํ˜•์‹์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ฃผ๋„์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณต์ข…์ด ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜๊ณ  ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์ง€์ผœ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ทœ์œจ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•™๊ต ๊ทœ์น™์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ทœ์œจ์˜ ์ค€์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ๊ณผ์—…์˜ ์„ฑ์‹คํ•œ ์ดํ–‰๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ธ‰์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณต์ข…์ด ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜„์žฅ์— ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™๊ทœ์œจ๊ณผ ์กฐ์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ทœ์œจ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์†Œ๋ จ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ผ์ œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ ํ•™๊ต ๊ทœ์œจ๊ณผ ์—ฐ์†์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์—ฐ์†์„ฑ์€ ๋…ธ๋™์ž์˜ ๋™์ž‘๊ณผ ์‹ ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ„ํšํ™”์™€ ํ†ต์ œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ทผ๋Œ€์  ๋…ธ๋™์˜ ๊ธฐํš์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. The aim of this study is to examine the process and the mechanism of training labor discipline through schooling in North Korea especially during the industrialization period. In North Korea, it has been one of the most important goals of education to foster students with the socialist labor discipline which needed to perform duties in factory after graduate, since the industrialization period. To internalize the students with socialist labor disciplines, mechanisms such as classroom instructions and the productive labor as the formal curriculum, classroom disciplines, and school rules were used. Labor disciplines such as self-sacrifice and spontaneity to one's task, and collectivism were elucidated as the instruction objects and emphasized in the contents of education. Not only the contents of instructions but also the forms and disciplines of classroom instructions are important in the formation of labor disciplines. The lessons were led by teachers entirely and teacher's authority were emphasized. The student's disciplinary rules were enacted and regulated each students daily behavior to adjust labor disciplines, ie punctuality, diligence, and obedience to seniors. It were correspondent with labor disciplines in factories. These rules were compulsively enforced even though it was officially regarded and recommended as a students self-governing rule

    ์ •์ƒ์ธ๊ณผ ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ž…๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์˜ ๊ท ํ˜• ์กฐ์ ˆ ๋น„๊ต

    No full text
    ๋ณด๊ฑด์ •์ฑ…๋ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ์„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ชธ์„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ์ž์„ธ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์น˜๋ฃŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ž์„ธ ์œ ์ง€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋…ธ์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํŽธ๋งˆ๋น„ ํ™˜์ž, ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์ ์ธ ์†์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋งŽ์€ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ž์„ธ ์œ ์ง€์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์„œ์„œ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. CTSIB(clinical test of sensory interacti on and balance)ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ž„์ƒ์—์„œ ์ ์šฉ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ท ํ˜• ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ •์ƒ์ธ๊ณผ ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํŽธ๋งˆ๋น„ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ, ์ „์ •๊ณ„๊ฐ๊ฐ, ์ฒด๊ฐ๊ฐ(๊ณ ์œ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ฑ๊ฐ๊ฐ)์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ท ํ˜• ์œ ์ง€์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ •์ƒ์ธ์—์„œ ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ์—ฐ๋ น๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ท ํ˜• ์œ ์ง€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋Š”๋ฐ์žˆ๋‹ค. 1998๋…„ 10์›” 20์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 11์›” 4์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ผ์œก์žฌํ™œ๋ณ‘์›์— ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•˜๋Š” ์ง์›๊ณผ ์žฌํ™œ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ์— ์ž…์›ํ•ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์™€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž, ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋…ธ์ธ ๋ณต์ง€์‹œ์„ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ์ •์ƒ์ธ์€ ์—ฐ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„ธ ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‚จ๋…€ 10๋ช…์”ฉ ๋ชจ๋‘ 60๋ช…, ํ™˜์ž๊ตฐ์€ ์ขŒ์ธกํŽธ๋งˆ๋น„ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ์šฐ์ธก ํŽธ๋งˆ๋น„ ํ™˜์ž ๊ฐ๊ฐ 10๋ช…์”ฉ ๋ชจ๋‘ 20๋ช…์ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ CTSIB ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ์ธก์ •๋œ 2์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ T-๊ฒ€์ •์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1. CTSIB ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์ƒ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์„ฑ๋ณ„๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2. CTSIB ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์ƒ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์—ฐ๋ น๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์—ฐ๋ น์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ž์„ธ ์œ ์ง€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 3. ํ™˜์ž ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ขŒ์ธก ํŽธ๋งˆ๋น„ ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ์šฐ์ธก ํŽธ๋งˆ๋น„ ํ™˜์ž์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ฑด 1๊ณผ ์กฐ๊ฑด 5, ์กฐ๊ฑด 6์—์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์ขŒ์ธก ํŽธ๋งˆ๋น„ ํ™˜์ž์˜์ž์„ธ ์œ ์ง€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์šฐ์ธก ํŽธ๋งˆ๋น„ ํ™˜์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. 4. ํ™˜์ž ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” ์ •์ƒ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์ž์„ธ ์œ ์ง€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. CTSIB ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๊ท ํ˜• ์œ ์ง€์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ท ํ˜• ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต์ง€๋งŒ CTSIB ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ, ์ „์ •๊ณ„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ, ์ฒด๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ž…๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์— ์„œ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์„ธ์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์œ ์ง€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ž„์ƒ์—์„œ ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์‰ฝ๊ณ , ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ•ด ๋ณผ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ์จ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ทนํžˆ ์ œํ•œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์šฐ๋‚˜ ํ•œ ๋ช…์˜ ์ธก์ •์ž๊ฐ€ ํ‰๊ฐ€์‹œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•  ๋งŒ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] To perform a complex daily life successfully, one should be able to maintain his or her upright posture. In that respect, many physical therapists have made their efforts to help their patients to improve their posture control ability. Nevertheless, cases of senior citizen, of hemiplegic patients resulted by cerebrova-scalar accidents, and of patients by neurological impairments shows their trobles keeping a physical balance. This fact has made us be aware that, in order to fix the physical imbalances, it is important to evaluate each person's ability of holding a balance in static standing position. In this point, CTSIB(Clinical test of sensory interaction and balance) test is very easy, inexpensive and useful test tool at clinical fields, and helps measure patients' posture control ability directly. Therefore the first purpose of this paper lies in investigating effects, associated with the changes by sensory input (i.e. visual, vestibular, somatic), on keeping a balance in both cases of normal individual and hemiplegic patients. The second purpose is to study whether there is radical differences in holding a balance by age or sex, especially in the cases of normal individuals. I have studied a group of 80 people, consisted of both hospital faculties and patients and Patient's keeper at SamYook Rehabilitation Center, and of senior citizen at area Nursing home, from October 20 to November 4 in 1998. I have divided largely the experimental group into two groups; 60 normal adults group and patients group. Then I have classified normal group into three groups of 20 adults(10 men and 10 women) by age and sex. I have classified 20 patients group into two groups; 10 left hemiplegic patients group and 10 right hemiplegic patients group. I have applied the CTSIB test to the experiment subjects under six condition. In analyzing the data, I have used repeated measures two-way ANOVA and T-test. The results are as follows: 1. There are not significant differences between each sex in CTSIB test under sixconditions. 2. There are significant differences by age. With growing age, the posture controltime decreases. 3. Left hemiplegic patients show more signiflcant difficulties than right hemiplegicpatients on condition 1, condition 5, and condition 6. Left hemiplegic patients' posture control time decreases by far than right hemiplegic patients' on almost all conditions. 4. Patients groups' posture control time decreases more significantly than normal individuals' ender six conditions. It is true that CTSIB test has a limitation to clarify the exact nature of imbalance of patients, Nevertheless, CTSIB test has a significant value in that it is an easy, simple, inexpensive and available functional test tool to estimate ability of keeping a balance in static standing position. For, by using the test, it is possible to analyze the effects on balancing, linked with sensory input (i.e. visual, vestibular, somatic). The results of this study has somewhat limitation for generalization due to therestrictive number of experiment subjects. None the less, this results of study is reliable when the test has been performed by one observer. For further study, more simple functional test tools need to be developed.restrictio

    ์—ด ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ๊ณผ mannan ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ข…์–‘์„ธํฌ์œ ๋ž˜ ์—‘์†Œ์ข€์˜ ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ

    No full text
    Thesis(doctoral)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ๋ถ„์ž์ข…์–‘์˜ํ•™์ „๊ณต,2006.Docto

    ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋Œ€ํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธๅคงๅญธๆ ก ๅคงๅญธ้™ข :ๆ•Ž่‚ฒๅญธ็ง‘ ๅนณ็”Ÿๆ•Ž่‚ฒๅฐˆๆ”ป,1997.Maste

    ๅœฐๆ–น่ญฐๅ“ก์˜ ็คพๆœƒ็š„ ่ƒŒๆ™ฏ๊ณผ ่ญฐๅฎšๆดปๅ‹•๊ณผ์˜ ้—œไฟ‚์— ้—œํ•œ ็ก็ฉถ : ์„œ์šธ็‰นๅˆฅๅธ‚่ญฐๆœƒ๋ฅผ ไธญๅฟƒ์œผ๋กœ

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธๅคงๅญธๆ ก ่กŒๆ”ฟๅคงๅญธ้™ข :่กŒๆ”ฟๅญธ็ง‘ ่กŒๆ”ฟๅญธๅฐˆๆ”ป,1996.Maste

    The Educational Policy of North Korea in the Era of Kim, Jung-il

    No full text
    ์ด ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๊น€์ •์ผ ํ›„๊ณ„์ฒด์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” 1970๋…„๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถํ•œ ๊ต์œก ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ณผ์ •์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์Ÿ์ ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ •์น˜์  ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ต์œก ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ๊ต์œก์— ๋ถ€๊ณผ๋œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ํŠน์ง•์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊น€์ •์ผ ํ›„๊ณ„์ฒด์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” 1970๋…„๋Œ€๋กœ, ์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ค‘๋“ฑ๊ต์œก ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๋ฌด์ƒ์˜๋ฌด๊ต์œก์ œ๊ฐ€ ์™„์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก ๊ธฐํšŒ์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ์ฒด์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ „๋ฉดํ™”๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์น˜์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ต์œก์ด ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1980๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊น€์ผ์„ฑ ์‚ฌ๋ง ์ด์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ๊น€์ •์ผ ํ›„๊ณ„์ฒด์ œ ํ™•๋ฆฝ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ต์œก ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋‹ค๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ์™ธ๊ตญ์–ด๊ต์œก์ด ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ค‘๋“ฑ๊ต์œก ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์˜์žฌ๊ต์œก์ด ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ต์œก ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ์ด์›ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์œก์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๊น€์ผ์„ฑ ์‚ฌํ›„ ๊น€์ •์ผ ์ฒด์ œ ํ•˜์˜ ๋ถํ•œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋‚œ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ํ•™๊ต ์šด์˜์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์ „๊ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•™๊ต๊ต์œก ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ •์ƒํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ „ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์  ์ด์™„์„ ๊ต์œก์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œํŽธ, ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ธ๋ ฅ ์–‘์„ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์žฌ๊ฑด์„ ๋„๋ชจํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์ค‘์˜ ๊ณผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ต์œก ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์Ÿ์ ์ด ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ต์œก์— ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‘ ์ธก๋ฉด์ธ ็ด…๊ณผ ๅฐˆ, ์ฆ‰ ์ •์น˜์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ต์œก ์ค‘ ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ต์œก ์›๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต์œก์˜ ํ‰๋“ฑ์ฃผ์˜์™€, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ˆ˜์›”์„ฑ ์ถ”๊ตฌ ์ค‘ ์–ด๋Š ์ธก๋ฉด์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์Ÿ์ ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์–‘ ์ธก๋ฉด, ์ฆ‰ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ถํ•œ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์ „๋ง์„ ๊ฐ€๋Š ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ด์‡ ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. The aim of this study is to analyze the change of educational policy and system in North Korea from the rise of Kim, Jung-il's succession system up to now. I divide the whole period into three in terms of the political phase, and explain the characteristics of education policy and system in each period. The first period is from the rise of the succession system in the early of 1970's to the consolidation of it in the end of 1970's. In this period, the free compulsory education which had launched after the liberation from Japanese colonial domination completed in the level of secondary education. Total 11 years of schooling was offered to the common people. And the political education was intensified very strongly and the Juche Ideology was inculcated on the students. The second period which is characterized as the consolidation of succession system starts in the early of 1980's. The educational policy in this period shows three notable features. First, the education of natural science, technology, and foreign languages especially English was emphasized. Second, the special education for the gifted children was introduced. Third, the higher education was expanded rapidly. These tendencies were the reaction against the former politically biased education. The last period begins after the death of Kim, Il-sung in 1994. The educational system operated abnormally because of the difficulty of obtaining food. The North Korean government made great efforts to preserve the order of society on the one hand, and to develop manpower for economical reconstruction on the other hand, through education. The dual task of building 'strong economic state' by the ideological unification centered the militaries and IT(Information Technology) was imposed on education. In sum, there have been two issues in North Korean education since the rise of Kim, Jung-il. The one is to maintain the proper balance between 'Red' and 'Expert', that is political education and technological education. The other is to cultivate talented students and to distribute the chance of education equally at the same time. The development of North Korean education and ultimately overcoming of economical difficulties depends on the solution of these issues

    A Qualitative Study on the Experience of Job Selection and Maintenance Process by Women with Disability

    No full text
    โ… . ์„œ๋ก  II. ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ III. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž ์„ ์ • ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 2. ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•: ์‹ฌ์ธต ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์™€ ํฌ์ปค์Šค ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์งˆ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 3. ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ IV. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  2. ์—ฌ์„ฑ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ์ง์—… ์„ ํƒ ๋ฐ ์œ ์ง€ ๊ณผ์ • 3. ์—ฌ์„ฑ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ์ง์—…์  ์‚ฌํšŒํ™” ๊ณผ์ • 4. ์—ฌ์„ฑ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ์ง์—…์  ์‚ฌํšŒํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ V. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ abstractThis study explores the experience of women with disability in choosing and maintaining their jobs. It is the aim of study to find social welfare implications based on the pragmatic understanding of their experience. This research uses in-depth individual interviews and focus-group interviews. Participants are 16 women with disability, who have experiences in finding and maintaining employment. Collected data are analysed using Strauss and Corbin's (2001) method of asking questions and constant comparison. Research results are as follows. The whole process of job selection and maintenance experienced by women with disability can be divided into 4 stages and these stages experienced by women with disability are not simply limited to adulthood. It is not a temporary or fragmentary process but one that continues throughout life and is identified as "an experience of exclusion and adaption during occupational socialization of women with disability". Noticeably, this study finds that the exclusion experience by women with disability has resulted in fragmentary and recurring occupational socialization. Furthermore, the job status of women with disability is not attributed to the lack of job rehabilitation training or service during adulthood but is the outcome of interaction between various elements starting from the early job preparation period. The findings of this study can contribute to the basis of theoretical discussion about disabled women`s job choice and maintenance. Finally, this study suggests ways to minimize the exclusion on disabled women in the arena of occupational socialization - family, school and society. Those approaches can have implications in carrying out social welfare practices
    corecore