대규모 사전학습 모델을 활용한 인터랙티브 스토리보딩 시스템

학위논문(석사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 공과대학 전기·정보공학부, 2023. 2. 서승우김성우.Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies have impacted almost every domain and system, including the entertainment industry. Although AI-based systems are expected to offer significant benefits in making content, it is still challenging to build a real-world AI application that can effectively contribute to content production. This paper presents a novel system, Gennie, that can interact with users and suggest AI-generated sketches for developing a storyboard. Gennie is implemented leveraging several large-scale pre-trained models such as GPT-2 and CLIP, which have recently achieved great success and become milestones in the field of AI. With Gennie, users can quickly visualize the composition of each scene. This paper presents the findings of a user study and visualizes the process of creating a storyboard with Gennie.인공지능 기술이 가져오는 변화는 전 산업과 시스템을 망라한다. 엔터테인먼트, 문화 콘텐츠 산업 또한 인공지능 기술의 발전에 영향을 받고 있다. 인공지능 기반의 시스템이 콘텐츠 제작에 큰 활약을 할 것으로 기대되지만, 여전히 상용화할 만한 인공지능 애플리케이션을 구축하는 것은 도전적인 문제이다. 본 논문에서는 스토리보드를 제작할 때 사용되는 새로운 시스템 젠이를 제시한다. GPT-2, CLIP 등 최근 괄목할 만한 성과를 보여준 대규모 사전학습 모델을 이용해 젠이 시스템을 구축했다. 잘 설계된 목표함수와 막대한 파라미터를 통해 효과적으로 지식 기반을 구성하는 대규모 사전학습 모델의 이점을 시스템에 활용하고자 하였다. 그리하여 사용자는 젠이를 활용해 머릿속의 장면 구상을 빠르게 시각화할 수 있다. 본 논문은 사용자 스터디를 통해 인터랙티브 스토리보딩 시스템으로 스토리보드를 창작하는 과정을 시각화하고 시사점을 제시한다.1 Introduction 1 1.1 Overview 1 1.2 Interactive Storyboarding 2 2 Related work 4 2.1 Human-AI co-creation 4 2.2 AI for visual story generation 5 2.3 Evaluation metric for sketch research 6 3 Proposed method 8 3.1 Interactive storyboarding system 8 3.2 Knowledge base preparation 11 3.3 Sentence-to-sketches retriever 14 4 Experimental results 16 4.1 Experimental setup 16 4.2 Procedure 17 4.3 User research 18 4.4 Participants' strategies in interactive storyboarding 22 5 Conclusion 27 Abstract in Korean 34석

The FIGO Ovulatory Disorders Classification System

Ovulatory disorders are common causes of amenorrhea, abnormal uterine bleeding, and infertility, and are frequent manifestations of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). There are many potential causes and contributors to ovulatory dysfunction that challenge clinicians, trainees, educators, and those who perform basic, translational, clinical, and epidemiological research. Similarly, therapeutic approaches to ovulatory dysfunction potentially involve a spectrum of lifestyle, psychological, medical, and procedural interventions. Collaborative research, effective education, and consistent clinical care remain challenged by the absence of a consensus comprehensive system for classification of these disorders. The existing and complex system, attributed to WHO, was developed more than three decades ago and did not consider more than 30 years of research into these disorders in addition to technical advances in imaging and endocrinology. This manuscript describes the development of a new classification of ovulatory disorders performed under the aegis of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) and conducted using a rigorously applied Delphi process. The stakeholder organizations and individuals who participated in this process comprised specialty journals, experts at large, national, specialty obstetrical and gynecological societies, and informed lay representatives. After two face-to-face meetings and five Delphi rounds, the result is a three-level multi-tiered system. The system is applied after a preliminary assessment identifies the presence of an ovulatory disorder. The primary level of the system is based on an anatomic model (Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Ovary) that is completed with a separate category for PCOS. This core component of the system is easily remembered using the acronym HyPO-P. Each anatomic category is stratified in the second layer of the system to provide granularity for investigators, clinicians, and trainees using the "GAIN-FIT-PIE" mnemonic (Genetic, Autoimmune, Iatrogenic, Neoplasm; Functional, Infectious and Inflammatory, Trauma and vascular; Physiological, Idiopathic, Endocrine). The tertiary level allows for specific diagnostic entities. It is anticipated that, if widely adopted, this system will facilitate education, clinical care, and the design and interpretation of research in a fashion that better informs progress in this field. Integral to the deployment of this system is a periodic process of reevaluation and appropriate revision, reflecting an improved understanding of this collection of disorders.ope

A New Thermo-Responsive Hyaluronic Acid Sol-Gel to Prevent Intrauterine Adhesions after Hysteroscopic Surgery: A Randomized, Non-Inferiority Trial

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and safety of a newly developed thermo-responsive sol-gel, ABT13107, for reducing the formation of intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) after hysteroscopic surgery. Materials and methods: In this multicenter, prospective, randomized trial (Canadian Task Force classification I), 192 women scheduled to undergo a hysteroscopic surgery at one of the eight university hospitals in South Korea were randomized into the ABT13107 group or the comparator (Hyalobarrier®) group in a 1:1 ratio. During hysteroscopic surgery, ABT13107 or Hyalobarrier® was injected to sufficiently cover the entire intrauterine cavity. Results: The patients returned to their respective sites for safety assessments at postoperative weeks 1 and 4 and for efficacy assessments at postoperative week 4. The post-surgery incidence of IUAs was 23.4% in the ABT13107 group and 25.8% in the comparator group; this difference met the criteria for ABT13107 to be considered as not inferior to the comparator. No differences were found in the extent of adhesions, types of adhesions, or the cumulative American Fertility Society score between the two treatment groups. Most adverse events were mild in severity, and no serious adverse events occurred. Conclusion: ABT13107, a new anti-adhesive barrier containing hyaluronic acid, was not inferior to the highly viscous hyaluronic acid anti-adhesive barrier, Hyalurobarrier® in IUA formation after hysteroscopic surgery (Clinical trial registration No. NCT04007211).ope

Migration of a contraceptive subdermal device into the lung

A single-rod subdermal contraceptive implant is usually located around the insertion site, has been usually known to migrate within less than 2 cm of the insertion site and the true migration over 2 cm has been rarely reported. We report a case of migrated radiopaque subdermal contraceptive implant into lung in a 37-year-old woman. On conducted chest computed tomography, subdermal contraceptive implant was in subsegmental branch in left posterior basal segment of lung. Removal of subdermal contraceptive implant in left posterior basal segment of lung by mini-thoracotomy was performed by a chest surgeon. Complications with insertion and removal of subdermal contraceptive implant are rare in the hands of medical professionals familiar with the techniques and these procedures should only be undertaken by those with relevant training. The migration over 2 cm should not occur if the correct subdermal insertion procedure is followed and carried out by a properly trained individual.ope

Current medical treatment of uterine fibroids

Uterine fibroids (leiomyomas or myomas), benign monoclonal tumors, are the most common benign tumors in women. Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding, abnormal uterine bleeding, resultant anemia, pelvic pain, infertility, and/or recurrent pregnancy loss are generally associated with uterine fibroids. Although curative treatment of this tumor relies on surgical therapies, medical treatments are considered the first-line treatment to preserve fertility and avoid or delay surgery. The aim of this review is to provide available and emerging medical treatment options for symptomatic uterine fibroids. Literature review and consensus of expert opinion. Many uterine fibroids are asymptomatic and require no intervention, although it is advisable to follow-up patients to document stability in size and growth. Fibroid-associated symptoms include heavy menstrual bleeding and pain or pelvic discomfort. The association between infertility and fibroids increases with age. Treatment options for symptomatic uterine fibroids - include medical, surgical, and radiologically guided interventions. Various medical therapies are now available for women with uterine fibroids, although each therapy has its own advantages and disadvantages. Currently, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists and selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs) are the most effective medical therapies, with the most evidence to support their reduction of fibroid volume and symptomatic improvement in menstrual bleeding. The choice of treatment depends on the patient's personal treatment goals, as well as efficacy and need for repeated interventions.ope

Administration of red ginseng regulates microRNA expression in a mouse model of endometriosis

Objective: Red ginseng (RG) exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and immunomodulatory effects on endometriosis through the regulation of microRNA (miRNA) expression. It may also ameliorate endometriosis by affecting the expression of multiple miRNAs simultaneously, rather than acting on a single miRNA at a given time. Since studies on the overall effects of RG on endometriosis via the regulation of miRNA expression are lacking, the current study aimed to explore the global effect of RG on miRNA expression in a mouse model of endometriosis. Methods: To establish the mouse model, the uterine horn of donor mice was implanted into the lateral side of the recipients' peritoneum, followed by vehicle or RG treatment for 8 weeks. Results: To confirm the effects of RG on the established mouse model, the size of the implanted uterus was measured; it was found to be lower in mice from the RG group than in mice from the control group. miRNA expression profiles in the implanted uterus of the mouse model of endometriosis after vehicle or RG administration were analyzed using microarray technology. Thereafter, seven candidate miRNAs and 125 candidate genes (miRNA targets) were identified through a bioinformatics analysis. Conclusion: The present findings suggest that RG regulates the expression of multiple miRNAs and mRNAs, thereby alleviating endometriosis in a mouse model of the disease.ope

Clinical use of oral contraceptives

Since first introduction of oral contraceptive pills in 1960, with increased women’s right of sexual decision, oral contraceptives had been used widely around the globe as a highly effective and safe contraceptive method. The physiological mechanisms of oral contraceptives were a reduced maturation of ovarian follicles and blocked ovulation to fertile women. Also, oral pills induce uterine endometrial decidualization, thickening of cervical mucus, disturbance of intrauterine sperm movement and embryo implantation. However, in addition to providing effective reversible contraception to fertile women, oral contraceptive pills offer various non-contraceptive benefits to numerous conditions. In this review, we summarize the list of currently available oral contraceptive pills in Korea and discuss non-contraceptive indications of oral contraceptives pills.ope

Guideline for management of heavy menstrual bleeding

Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is a common problem in primary care clinic of gynecology. HMB could cause adverse effect on the quality of life of many women. This guideline will provide evidence based information concerning diagnosis and management of HMB. Constructive dialogue should allow patients to be able to trust the advice given by their practitioner as they will be confident that they have and will be able to use it to inform this decision-making process. This guideline has been developed with the aim of providing guidance on HMB. The effectiveness of the various treatments as well as their risks and benefits are discussed in relation to their use in the treatment of HMB. We wish the information contained in this guideline will help clinicians reach a reasonable and beneficial decision with the latest informationope

One Case of Placenta Accreta Treated with Selective Uterine Artery Embolization Followed by Methotrexate

Placenta accreta is a rare but potentially lethal obstetric emergency due to massive hemorrhage, uterine perforation, and infection. Traditionally, hysterectomy was performed in the occurrence of serious hemorrhage. Currently, several conservative treatments including the use of uterine pacldng, leaving the placenta in situ, argon-beam coagulation, uterine artery ligation, administration of methotrexate, and uterine artery embolizations are introduced to preserve future reproductive potential. We present a patient with placenta accreta treated successfully with selective uterine artery embolization followed by methotrexate with brief review of literature.ope

Factors affecting fertility and preconceptional counselling

Subfertility is a prevalent problem and has significant consequences for individual, families, and with wider community. Currently, there are no uniform counseling guidelines or evidence-based recommendation available. People’s chances of having a healthy, live birth may be affected by factors such as age, weight, diet, smoking, other substances, environmental factors, medical conditions, medications and family medical history. This review focuses on the impact of potentially modifiable lifestyle factors affecting fertility in the general population and the infertile population. Advice on modifiable lifestyle factors should be given to people considering a family or presenting for infertility treatment may improve their chances of conception and delivering a healthy, live baby.ope