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    ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ตญ์ œ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ตญ์ œํ•™๊ณผ(ํ•œ๊ตญํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2021.8. ๋ชจ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์—๋ฆญ.๊ธฐ์กด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ ๋ฐ ์ถœ์‚ฐ์œจ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ์˜ ํƒœ๋„์™€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํƒœ๋„์˜ ์›์ธ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋Š์ž„์—†๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ํ˜ผ์ธ์œจ๊ณผ ์ถœ์‚ฐ์œจ์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด์˜ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ณผ ์ถœ์‚ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด€์ ์„ ์ทจํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ณ„ ๋น„๊ต ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ค‘์ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ-์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด ์–‘๊ตญ์„ ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •๋ถ€ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์š”์ธ์ด ์ฒญ๋…„๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ณผ ์ถœ์‚ฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ฒญ๋…„ 13๋ช… ๋ฐ ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด ์ฒญ๋…„ 13๋ช…๊ณผ์˜ ์‹ฌ์ธต ๋ฉด์ ‘์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์–‘๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ณผ ์ถœ์‚ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„์— ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ•™๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ, ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ  ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ณผ ์ถœ์‚ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ ํ™”ํ•จ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ ์—ฐ๋ น์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๋น„์œจ์€ ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์–‘๊ตญ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ฒญ๋…„๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํƒœ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋œ ์›์ธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ , ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ณผ ์ถœ์‚ฐ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ, ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ์ง€์› ๋ถ€์กฑ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์—ญํ•  ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ์˜ ํƒœ๋„์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ณผ ์ถœ์‚ฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์š”์ธ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค.Studies on marriage and fertility rates in Korea have usually focused on the attitudes of Koreans and the reasons behind these attitudes. Despite constant governmental efforts in an attempt to solve this problem, Korea has been observing a constant decline in marriage and fertility rates. Therefore, this paper took a different perspective by comparing Koreaโ€™s situation with Singaporeโ€™s. Although there have been comparative studies that have been done on this issue, most focused on East Asian countries. This research aims to provide a focused comparison of both countries and highlight the influence external factors like economic factors have on young adultsโ€™ decision for marriage and childbirth. Through in-depth interviews with 13 Korean and 13 Singaporean young adults, this study found that there was a similar shift in attitudes towards marriage and childbirth in both countries. This was a result of different reasons like rising educational attainment, changing societal atmosphere etc. However, despite similar shifts in attitudes towards both marriage and fertility, it was found that there was a large difference in the rate at which Koreaโ€™s age of marriage was increasing compared to Singapore. With further analysis between both countries, it was found that it was not due to the decrease in desirability of marriage. Rather, there were external economic and societal factors which are affecting these life decisions in Korea. Some external factors include the exorbitant costs needed for marriage and childbirth, the lack of family support and the negative role of media in Korea. This paper hence highlights the importance for the focus on these external factors affecting both marriage and childbirth instead of simply focusing on Koreansโ€™ attitudes.1. ์„œ๋ก  1 1.1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 1.2. ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒ€ํ†  3 1.2.1. ํ•œ๊ตญ 4 1.2.2. ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด 7 1.2.3. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ณตํ—Œ 9 2. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์žฌ๊ธฐ 10 2.1. ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ ํ†ต๊ณ„ 10 2.2. ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ถœ์‚ฐ ํ†ต๊ณ„ 13 2.3. ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด์˜ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ ํ†ต๊ณ„ 15 2.4. ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด์˜ ์ถœ์‚ฐ ํ†ต๊ณ„ 17 2.5. ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ œ๊ธฐ 18 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 20 3.1. ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ 20 3.2. ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๊ณ ๋ ค ์‚ฌํ•ญ 21 3.3. ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ 21 3.4. ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ 22 3.5. ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 23 2. ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด ์ Š์€ ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์‹ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ 24 1. ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 24 1.1. ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 25 1.2. ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ 31 1.3. ์ž๋…€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 36 1.4. ์ž๋…€์˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ 40 1.5. ๋‚จ๋…€ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ดํ•ด 42 1.6. ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ ๋ฐ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์น˜ 44 1.7. ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ณผ ์ถœ์‚ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ ค ์‚ฌํ•ญ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ค€ 49 1.7.1. ์žฌ์ •์  ๊ฑฑ์ • 50 1.7.2. ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 52 3. ํ† ๋ก  55 1. ๋†’์€ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ ๋น„์šฉ 55 1.1. ์ง‘ ๋น„์šฉ 55 1.2. ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ ๋น„์šฉ 60 1.3. ๋‚จ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์ค‘๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋‹ด 61 2. ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์•ˆ์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธด ์ค€๋น„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ 62 2.1. ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ ํ™•๋ณด์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€ 62 2.2. ์ง์žฅ ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ์ฐจ์ด 64 2.3. ๊ต์œก ๋…„์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ 66 3. ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ 70 3.1. ์น˜์—ดํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ 70 3.2. ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ํ˜„ ์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆ์‹  73 4. ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ์œก์•„ ์ง€์› ๋ถ€์กฑ 76 5. ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์—ญํ•  79 4. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  82 1. ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ 82 2. ํ•œ๊ณ„์™€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 86 ๋ถ€๋ก A 88 ๋ถ€๋ก B 94 ๋ถ€๋ก C 99 ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ 109 Abstract 117์„

    Real Estate Prices in Korea : Variations in Tax Rates and Long-Run Land Prices (Written in Korean)

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ชจํ˜•์ „๊ฐœ์™€ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„์˜ ๋‘ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ •๋ฆฌ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋„๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด๋ก ์„ ์›์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋™ํƒœ์ ์ด๋กœ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ท ํ˜•์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง€๊ฐ€์˜ ๋†’๊ณ  ๋‚ฎ์Œ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์†Œ๋“ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ง€๊ฐ€์ด์•ก์˜ ๋น„์œจ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝํ•˜์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋น„์œจ์ด ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ ์ˆ˜์ค€(1 ๋‚ด์™ธ)์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ๋Š” ์•„์ง๋„ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋†’์€ ์ƒํƒœ(3~4 ์ˆ˜์ค€)์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋‚˜, 1970๋…„๋Œ€ ํ•˜๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ(10~12 ์ˆ˜์ค€)์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜์˜€์Œ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ์ง€๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฝ์˜ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ์ทจํ•ด์ ธ ์˜จ ํ† ์ง€๊ด€๋ จ ์‹คํšจ์„ธ์œจ์˜ ์ƒํ–ฅ์กฐ์ •์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์†Œ๋“์˜ 10๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒํšŒํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€ํ’€๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ 1970๋…„๋Œ€ ํ•˜๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์˜ ์ง€๊ฐ€์ด์•ก์ด ๋‹น์‹œ ํ† ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹คํšจ์„ธ์œจ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ 0์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์› ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์„ค๋ช…๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค

    Augustus De Morgan and the Development of Pure Mathematics in England: On the Transformation of Academic Boundaries during the Nineteenth Century

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ๊ณผํ•™์‚ฌ๋ฐ๊ณผํ•™์ฒ ํ•™์ „๊ณต, 2012. 8. ํ™์„ฑ์šฑ.19์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ดˆ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ณผ ํ˜ผ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งค์šฐ ํญ ๋„“์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ˜ผ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์ž์—ฐ ์ฒ ํ•™ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 19์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ค‘โ€คํ›„๋ฐ˜์„ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ ์ด์ „์— ํ˜ผ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋ฐ ์ž์—ฐ ์ฒ ํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋“ค์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์„ ์ˆ˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜๋˜ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋“ค์ด ๋…์ž์ ์ธ ์ „๋ฌธ ํ•™๋ฌธ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  20์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ฉด, 19์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ดˆ์˜ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜ํ•™์˜ ์ฃผ์ถ•์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋ฉด์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ณผ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ๊ณผํ•™ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ด์ ธ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 19์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ์œ ๋‹ˆ๋ฒ„์‹œํ‹ฐ์นผ๋ฆฌ์ง€(UCL)์˜ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜์˜€๋˜ ์–ด๊ฑฐ์Šคํ„ฐ์Šค ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋จผ์ € ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต๊ณผ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ณ ๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต๊ณผ ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ๋•Œ, ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต๊ณผ ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋“ค๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ํŠน์ดํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ ์— ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต๊ณผ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฐ„์˜ ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ๊ด€์‹ฌ ๋ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ UCL์˜ ๊ต์œก ์˜๋„๋กœ๋Š” ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต๊ณผ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๋•Œ, UCL์˜ ๊ต์ˆ˜ ๊ธ‰๋ฃŒ ์ฒด๊ณ„์™€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ต์œก ์ˆ˜์ค€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  UCL์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์ž์—ฐ์ฒ ํ•™์ด ์ฒ˜ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ๋“ค์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ธ๋‹ค. UCL์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™๋“ค๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ๊ต์ˆ˜๋“ค์˜ ๊ธ‰๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•๋ฃŒ์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•ด ์ฑ…์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๋น„๊ต์  ์ด๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์ดˆ๋Œ€ ์ž์—ฐ์ฒ ํ•™ ๋ฐ ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ž„์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ผ๋“œ๋„ˆ๋Š” UCL ์œ„์›ํšŒ์˜ ์‹ ์ž„์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ˜ผ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋“ค์„ ์„ ์ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ต๊ณผ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํญ๋„“๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ดํ›„ ๋’ค๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์ Š์€ ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฐ„์ด ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ž„์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋กœ ์ถ•์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ํ‚น์Šค์นผ๋ฆฌ์ง€(KCL)์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์ž˜ ์ง€์ง€๋œ๋‹ค. ํ‚น์Šค์นผ๋ฆฌ์ง€์˜ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜์˜€๋˜ ํ† ๋จธ์Šค ํ™€์ด ์นผ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์ธก์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ์–ป์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ํญ ๋„“์€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต๊ณผ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์„ ์ ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ, ๋’ค ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์ž์—ฐ ์ฒ ํ•™ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ—˜ ์ฒ ํ•™, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ž„์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ํ—จ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ์ฆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ต๊ณผ ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์ถ•์†Œ๋  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•™๋ฌธ ๋ถ„๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋‚˜ ๊ต๊ณผ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ๋‹น์‹œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ†ต์šฉ๋˜๋˜ ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ž๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฐ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์ด ์ธ์ โ€ค์ œ๋„์  ์š”์†Œ๋‚˜ ์ธ์ ‘ ๋ถ„์•ผ์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์†์—์„œ ์šฐ์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฐ„์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต๊ณผ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•ด๊ฐ”๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ผ๋“œ๋„ˆ์˜ ์ž์—ฐ ์ฒ ํ•™ ๊ฐ•์˜์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ UCL ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์—์„œ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ผ๋“œ๋„ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ˜ผ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋“ค์„ ์„ ์ ํ–ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธ‰๋ฃŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. 19์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ดˆ ์‹คํ—˜์  ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ด๊ด‘๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ์  ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ, ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ ์ž์—ฐ์ฒ ํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋‚˜ ํ•™์Šต ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ UCL ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ผ๋“œ๋„ˆ์˜ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ๋ผ๋“œ๋„ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•์ƒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Œ€์ค‘ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ๋“ค์— ์ฃผ๋ ฅํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋„๋ฆฌ์–ด ๊ทธ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ ์ž์—ฐ์ฒ ํ•™ ์ •๊ทœ ๊ฐ•์ขŒ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋”์šฑ ์•…ํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๊ฐ•์ขŒ๋กœ ๋ณธ์ธ์ด ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ์ˆ˜์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ Š์€ ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฐ„์ด ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ์„ ๋ฐฐ์ด์ž ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ๋ผ๋“œ๋„ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ํ˜ผ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋“ค์„ ๋‚ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ํž˜๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ผ๋“œ๋„ˆ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์  ์ž์—ฐ ์ฒ ํ•™ ๊ฐ•์˜์™€ ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ฐ•์˜์‹ค์—๋งŒ ๊ตญํ•œ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๋“ฑ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์—ด์•…ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™๋งŒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์•ผํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฐ„์€ ์ดํ›„ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋“ค์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๊นŠ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ UCL์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์˜์˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ ฅ์„ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™๊ณผ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ์šฐ์—ด ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด๋‚˜ ํœด์–ผ๊ณผ ํ•ด๋ฐ€ํ„ด์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด ๊ฐ€์—ด๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฐ„์€ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐํ˜ธ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™๊ณผ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜ํ•™์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ ฅ ๋„์•ผ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ UCL์˜ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜์˜€๋˜ ์กด ํ˜ธํผ์Šค์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ ๊ต์œก์ด ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฐ„์€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ ฅ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ํ˜•์‹ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์˜์—ญ์„ ๊ฐœ์ฒ™ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ขŒ๋Š” ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ขŒ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ์˜ ์ œ์ž๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด ๋œ ์ „๋ฌธ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ํ•™ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ์ฐฝ๋ฆฝ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธ์ ‘ ๋ถ„์•ผ์ธ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์™€์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ์กฐ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด 19์„ธ๊ธฐ ํ›„๋ฐ˜ ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋…์ž์ ์ธ ์ „๋ฌธ ๊ณผํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ„์˜ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฐ„์˜ ์ œ์ž๋“ค์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ›„ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฐ„์ด ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋˜๋Š” ์ด์œ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฐ„์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ „๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ณ„๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋„“ํžˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ 19์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋ถ„๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜๊ตญ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ด ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ”๋˜ ํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. 19์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๋” ์ด์ƒ ํ™€๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋กœ๋งŒ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ, ํ•ด๋‹น ํ•™์ž์˜ ์ง€์  ์—ฌ์ •๊ณผ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์€ ํ•ด๋‹น ํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ์†ํ•ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ยท์ œ๋„์  ํŠน์ง•๋“ค, ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋“ค๊ณผ ๋…ผ์Ÿ๋“ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์ธ์ ‘ ๋ถ„์•ผ์™€์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์†์—์„œ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.The boundary of mathematics including pure and mixed mathematics was very wide until early nineteenth century. But there were some gradual changes in the boundary during the nineteenth century. In the course, pure mathematics which was considered as the preparatory field for mixed mathematics or natural philosophy grew as the independent professional discipline through the mid and late nineteenth century. This dissertation traces the development of pure mathematics in England through the education and research by Augustus De Morgan(1806-1871) in University College, London (UCL). For such, this study examines De Morgan's mathematics curriculum and compares it with the other mathematics professors' curriculums of various institutions. And then this paper raises a question of why his curriculum was organized unusually with only pure mathematics. This study finds the answer in the wage system for professors, the educational backgrounds and interests of students, and the situation of mathematics and natural philosophy in UCL when De Morgan's mathematical interest and ability and UCL's intention could not explain about the construction of his curriculum. UCL Committee determined wages of UCL professors in proportion to the fees of students who were young and had a low-level of mathematical knowledge. In this situation, Dionysius Lardner(1793-1859), the first 'Natural Philosophy and Astronomy' professor, preoccupied the wide areas of mixed mathematics in his curriculum under the support of UCL committee before appointment of mathematics professor. Afterward, De Morgan's teaching areas were naturally decreased when the young De Morgan was appointed too late as mathematics professor in UCL. The case of King's College, London also supports the arguments about curriculum-making in UCL because the curriculum of Henry Moseley(1801-1872), the first natural philosophy professor, was reduced when Thomas G. Hall(1803-1845), the first mathematics professor, taught the wide areas of mathematics including mixed mathematics with King's College committee's support. As a result, this shows that boundaries and curriculums were not always constructed automatically by the generally accepted academic boundary. De Morgans case suggests that the curriculums can be constituted by the accidental, systematic, or adjacent area related factors. And then this dissertation examines whether mathematics curriculum could be changed in a relation with natural philosophy professor or not. The various materials about Lardner reveal that he had difficulty in maintaining a sufficient wage although he preoccupied the mixed mathematics parts. In the situation which experimental science enjoyed popularity and difficult mathematics roused antipathy in the nineteenth century, UCL students didn't attend mathematical natural philosophy classes by Lardner. After that, Lardner began to prepare and concentrate on the popular experimental lectures, but it made UCL students regard mathematical science as more difficult and unnecessary. Contrary to this, De Morgan felt very tired teaching classes with overflowing students. Then he had no choice but to adjust his curriculum not to overlap Lardner's mixed mathematics fields. The effects of Lardner's experimental natural philosophy and De Morgan's pure mathematics were not confined in De Morgan's classroom. On the negative condition of mathematics, he began to pay deep attention to the proper method for teaching mathematics to UCL students and to find the meaning and usefulness of mathematics education in UCL. These efforts led him to realize the importance of logical reasoning in learning mathematics. And arguments over the merits of geometrical and algebraic methods and dispute between William Whewell and William Hamilton made him reconsider about the meaning of algebraic symbols and the appropriate tool for logical training. When the first 'Logic and Philosophy of Mind' professor, John Hoppus(1789-1875) could not cultivate the logical ability of reasoning properly. De Morgan began to train his students to get the proper ability of logical reasoning. And his interest in the logical training and pure mathematics teaching led De Morgan to research a new area of pure mathematics like formal logic and relational logic. Later, he was remembered as Pure Mathematics professor by his students. And some of his students established the first professional society for mathematics, London Mathematics Society which was centered on pure mathematics. Then, the boundary between mathematics and logic came to be also changed slowly. As a result, this dissertation contributes on the historical understanding about why De Morgan's disciples thought London Mathematics Society was necessary, why the research of London Mathematics Society centered around pure mathematics, why De Morgan was remembered as the great mathematics teacher, and why and how De Morgans new logic was developed. In conclusion, these reveal some aspects of the development of pure mathematics in the nineteenth century England. Finally, this study suggests that for the better understanding of the intellectual activities by the certain mathematicians, it is necessary to examine the institutional and interdisciplinary contexts surrounding the mathematician besides mathematical matters.1์žฅ. ์„œ๋ก  . 1 2์žฅ. UCL ์„ค๋ฆฝ ์ด์ „์˜ ์˜๊ตญ ์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ . 17 2.1. ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ํ•™๋ฌธ ๋ถ„์•ผ ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ™” . 18 2.2. ์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ณผํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ํƒœ๋„ . 23 2.2.1. ์‹คํ—˜์ ์ด๊ณ  ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ์ง€์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ด๊ด‘ . 23 2.2.2. ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ์  ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ์  ํƒœ๋„ . 32 2.3. ์ผ€์ž„๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต์œก . 35 2.3.1. ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์™€ ํ•ด์„์  ์ˆ˜ํ•™์˜ ๋„์ž… .35 2.3.2. ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ณผ์™ธ ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์˜ํ–ฅ . 45 3์žฅ. UCL์˜ ์„ค๋ฆฝ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต๊ณผ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ํŠน์ง• . 50 3.1.UCL์˜ ์„ค๋ฆฝ๊ณผ ์ œ๋ฐ˜ ํŠน์ง•๋“ค . 51 3.2. ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜ ์ž„์šฉ ๊ณผ์ • . 63 3.3. ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต๊ณผ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ํŠน์ง• . 67 3.4. 1820, 30๋…„๋Œ€ ์˜๊ตญ ๊ณ ๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์—์„œ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต๊ณผ ๊ณผ์ • . 80 4์žฅ. ์ธ์ ‘ ๋ถ„์•ผ ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต๊ณผ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „ . 91 4.1. ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ . 92 4.2. UCL์˜ ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•œ ์˜๋„์™€ ํƒœ๋„ . 96 4.3. ์ธ์ ‘ ๋ถ„์•ผ ๊ฐ„ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ๊ต๊ณผ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ . 105 4.3.1. ๋ผ๋“œ๋„ˆ์˜ ์ž์—ฐ ์ฒ ํ•™ ๊ต๊ณผ ๊ณผ์ • vs. ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต๊ณผ ๊ณผ์ • . 105 4.3.2. ํ™€์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต๊ณผ ๊ณผ์ • vs. ๋ชจ์ฆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ž์—ฐ ์ฒ ํ•™ ๊ต๊ณผ ๊ณผ์ • . 120 5์žฅ. ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ๊ต์œก ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ํŠน์ง• . 132 5.1. ๋ผ๋“œ๋„ˆ์˜ ์ž์—ฐ ์ฒ ํ•™ ๊ฐ•์˜์™€ UCL ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ . 133 5.2. ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต์œก ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ์›๋ฆฌ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ต์œก . 141 5.3. ๊ต์ˆ˜์ง ์‚ฌ์ž„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ . 151 5.4. ๊ต์ˆ˜์ง ๋ณต๊ท€ ์ดํ›„์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ด์ •๊ณผ ํ—Œ์‹  . 161 5.5. ๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ํšŒ์™€ ์˜๊ตญ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „ . 171 6์žฅ. ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ: ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฐ„์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๊ณผ์ • . 179 6.1. ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์˜์˜์™€ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ ฅ ๋„์•ผ . 180 6.1.1 ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ ฅ ๋„์•ผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ •๋‹นํ™” . 173 6.1.2. ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฐ•์กฐ์™€ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐํ˜ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œํ•œ์  ์‹œ๊ฐ . 189 6.2. ํ•ด์„์  ์ˆ˜ํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐํ˜ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ธ์‹ . 204 6.2.1. ํœด์–ผ์˜ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์  ํšŒ๊ท€ . 204 6.2.2. ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™-๋Œ€์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋…ผ์Ÿ๊ณผ ๊ธฐํ˜ธ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด . 207 6.3. 19์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ดˆ ์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ณผ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌํ•™ ์‚ฌ์ด . 218 6.3.1. ํœด์–ผ-ํ•ด๋ฐ€ํ„ด ๋…ผ์Ÿ๊ณผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋…ผ๋ฆฌํ•™์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด . 218 6.3.2. ํ˜ธํผ์Šค์™€ ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฐ„์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ ๊ต์œก . 228 6.4. ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์™€ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „ . 238 6.4.1. ๋Œ€์ˆ˜ํ•™์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์  ์ฒด๊ณ„ํ™” . 238 6.4.2. ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ์  ์ฒด๊ณ„ํ™” . 243 7์žฅ. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  . 252 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ . 258 Abstract . 277Docto

    Effects of Bank Ownership on Management Compensation and Firm Performance (Written in Korean)

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    ์ฃผ์ฃผ์™€ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฒฝ์˜์ž์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋Œ€์ฃผ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์‹œ․๊ฐ๋…ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ฃผ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋™์งˆ์ ์ด ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์ง€๋ฐฐ ๋Œ€์ฃผ์ฃผ์™€ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์ƒ์ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ์œ ์ง€๋ถ„์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์ฃผ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ์ต์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ฐ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ์ ์ด์ต์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์ฃผ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋†’์€ ๋ณด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž์™€์˜ ๋‹ดํ•ฉ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ฃผ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž์™€์˜ ๋‹ตํ•ฉ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฒฝ์˜์˜ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ๊ธฐ์—…์ฃผ์‹๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ƒ์Šน ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ๋‹น๊ธˆ์ฆ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 1982๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1992๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ผ๋ณธ ์ œ์กฐ์—…๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ƒ์žฅ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐ๊ด€ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์˜ ์†Œ์œ ์ง€๋ถ„๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž์˜ ๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์—…์„ฑ๊ณผ์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์€ํ–‰์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ด€ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ž์ธ ๋™์‹œ์— ์†Œ์œ ์ฃผ๋กœ์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ฃผ์ฃผ์™€๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋œ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์†Œ์œ ์ง€๋ถ„์ด ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฒฝ์˜์ž์˜ ๊ธ‰์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ธ‰์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ณ ์ •๊ธ‰์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ฐจ์ž…๊ธˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์ž์œจ์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฒฝ์˜์ž์˜ ๊ธ‰์—ฌ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์†Œ์œ ์ง€๋ถ„์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” 1980๋…„๋Œ€ ์ž๋ณธ ์ž์œ ํ™”์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ž๋ณธ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ž๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ์•ฝํ•ด์ง„ ๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ด€์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์š” ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ž๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์œ„์น˜์™€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž์˜ ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๊ธ‰๊ณ„์•ฝ์ด ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์€ํ–‰์˜ ์ „์ง ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ์ด์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž๋กœ ์ž„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ, ๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž์™€ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฒฝ์˜์ž๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‹ดํ•ฉ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์•”์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค
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