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    Hemodynamic evaluation and staging workup of moyamoya disease with perfusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging : a comparative study

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๋ชจ์•ผ๋ชจ์•ผ๋ณ‘์€ ์›์ธ ๋ถˆ๋ช…์˜ ๋งŒ์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‡Œํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ํ˜‘์ฐฉ์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ์งˆํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๊ฒฝ๋™๋งฅ ์ƒ์ƒ๋Œ๊ธฐ ์ƒ๋ถ€์˜ ํ˜‘์ฐฉ ๋ฐ ํ์‡„์™€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ธก๋ถ€ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์„ ํŠน์ง•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฒฝ๋™๋งฅ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋‡Œํ˜ˆ๊ด€์˜ ํ˜‘์ฐฉ ๋ฐ ํ์‡„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ž„์ƒ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ธก๋ถ€ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‡Œ ๊ด€๋ฅ˜์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ชจ์•ผ๋ชจ์•ผ๋ณ‘์˜ ํ˜ˆ์—ญํ•™์  ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์ค€ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์ธ single photon emission tomography (SPECT) ์™ธ ๊ด€๋ฅ˜์ž๊ธฐ๊ณต๋ช…์˜์ƒ์ด ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ด€๋ฅ˜์ž๊ธฐ๊ณต๋ช…์˜์ƒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋ชจ์•ผ๋ชจ์•ผ๋ณ‘์˜ ํ˜ˆ์—ญํ•™์  ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‡Œํ˜ˆ๊ด€์กฐ์˜์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€๋ฅ˜์ž๊ธฐ๊ณต๋ช…์˜์ƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ์•ผ๋ชจ์•ผ๋ณ‘์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์ธ ํ˜‘์ฐฉ ๋ฐ ํ์‡„์™€ ์ธก๋ถ€ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Š ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.๋‡Œํ˜ˆ๊ด€์กฐ์˜์ˆ ์—์„œ ๋ชจ์•ผ๋ชจ์•ผ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ์ง„๋‹จ๋œ 24๋ช…์˜ ํŠน๋ฐœ์„ฑ ๋ชจ์•ผ๋ชจ์•ผ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž (๋‚จ๋…€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 10๋ช…, 14๋ช…; ํ‰๊ท  ๋‚˜์ด 8.1์„ธ; ์—ฐ๋ น ๋ถ„ํฌ 2-21์„ธ) ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋‘ ๋ช…์˜ ํŒ๋…์˜๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ํ•ฉ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ›„ํ–ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.๋‡Œํ˜ˆ๊ด€์กฐ์˜์ˆ ์—์„œ ์ƒ์ƒ๋Œ๊ธฐ ์ƒ๋ถ€ ๋‚ด๊ฒฝ๋™๋งฅ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‡Œ๋™๋งฅ์˜ ํ˜‘์ฐฉ ๋ฐ ํ์‡„ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ Suzuki grade์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ธฐ์ € ๋ชจ์•ผ๋ชจ์•ผํ˜ˆ๊ด€์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ธก๋ถ€ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ด€๋ฅ˜์ž๊ธฐ๊ณต๋ช…์˜์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ด€๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ๋‡Œ ํ˜ˆ๋ฅ˜๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ›„๋Œ€๋‡Œ๋™๋งฅ์˜ ํ˜‘์ฐฉ ๋ฐ ํ์‡„ ์ •๋„์™€ ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ๊ด€๋ฅ˜ ์ง€์—ฐ ์ •๋„๊ฐ„์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  (ั€ = 0.0027) ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋“ค ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ๋‡Œ ํ˜ˆ๋ฅ˜๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๊ฒฌ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์–ด ์ธก๋ถ€ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์ด ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‹ค์ œ ํ›„๋Œ€๋‡Œ๋™๋งฅ์˜ ํ˜‘์ฐฉ ๋ฐ ํ์‡„ ์ •๋„์™€ ๊ฒฝ๋ง‰ ์ธก๋ถ€ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ๊ฐ„์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™€ (ั€ = 0.0117) ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ๋‡Œ ํ˜ˆ๋ฅ˜๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๋œ ๊ฒฝ๋ง‰ ์ธก๋ถ€ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ์•ผ๋ชจ์•ผ๋ณ‘์—์„œ ๊ด€๋ฅ˜์ž๊ธฐ๊ณต๋ช…์˜์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ›„๋ฐฉ ์ˆœํ™˜์˜ ํ์‡„ ๋ฐ ํ˜‘์ฐฉ ์ •๋„์™€ ๊ฒฝ๋ง‰ ์ธก๋ถ€ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]Moyamoya disease is a chronic progressive cerebrovascular disease of unknown etiology and characterized by stenoocclusive changes of supraclinoid internal carotid arteries with prominent collateral vessel formation. The clinical presentation of moyamoya disease depends on the degree of stenoocclusive changes of intracranial artery including supraclinoid internal carotid artery and collateral vessel formation affecting cerebral perfusion. The evaluation of hemodynamics in moyamoya disease is important and perfusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging has been used effectively in assessing hemodynamics in addition to single photon emission tomography (SPECT), the gold standard of imaging in moyamoya disease.The purpose of this study was to evaluate hemodynamics in moyamoya disease using perfusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging and to compare it with conventional angiography and assess the utility of perfusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging in evaluating the degree of stenoocclusive change of intracranial artery and collateral vessel formation.24 patients with moyamoya disease diagnosed with conventional angiography (10 males, 14 females; mean 8.1 years; aging range from 2 to 21 years) were included in this study and was reviewed by two radiologists retrospectively.The angiographic findings were graded according to the stenoocclusive change of intracranial artery including supraclinoid internal carotid artery and the degree of collateral vessel formation, using previously proposed angiographic staging system. In perfusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging, areas in the hemispheres were divided into eight regions and the time to peak (TTP) and relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) were evaluated according to the divided areas.The degree of stenoocclusive changes of PCA significantly correlated with the time to peak (TTP) according to the divided areas in the hemisphere (p = 0.0027) and in this area increased relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) was observed, thus we predicted the possibility of prominent collateral vessel formation in this area. Also the degree of stenoocclusive changes of PCA significantly correlated with the transdural collateral formation (p = 0.0117) and the increased relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) was due to the transdural collateral formation.In conclusion, we can predict the degree of stenoocclusive changes of PCA and the transdural collateral formation in patients with moyamoya disease using perfusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging.ope

    WTO ๊ฐ€์ž… ์ดํ›„ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ง€์ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ: ๊ณผ์ •, ํ˜„ํ™ฉ, ํ‰๊ฐ€

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ตญ์ œ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ตญ์ œํ•™๊ณผ(๊ตญ์ œ์ง€์—ญํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2014. 2. ์กฐ์˜๋‚จ.๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ WTO ๊ฐ€์ž…์ดํ›„ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ง€์ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ง€์ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ถ„์„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ง€์ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์ ์ฐจ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ง€์ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ๋งŒ์กฑํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๊ฐ๋„๋กœ ์••๋ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ง€์ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ง‘ํ–‰๋ ฅ์— ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ WTO ๊ฐ€์ž…์„ ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ง€์ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฐ ์ง‘ํ–‰ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ์ƒ๋‹น๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ง€์ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์™€ ์ง‘ํ–‰ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐœ์ „ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ง€์ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ ์ œ๋„๋Š” ๊ฐœํ˜๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์ดํ›„ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ ธ์„œ, ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ WTO-TRIPS ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฐœ์ • ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ํŠนํ—ˆ๋ฒ•, ์ƒํ‘œ๋ฒ” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์ง€์ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–์ถ”์–ด์ ธ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ง€์ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋Š” ํ–‰์ •๋ณดํ˜ธ์™€ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒํ˜ธ๋ณด์™„ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์—ฌ๊ฑด์ƒ ํ–‰์ •๋ณดํ˜ธ ์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ์ง€์ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•๋ณดํ˜ธ, ์ฆ‰ ์žฌํŒ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ง€์ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๋‹น์ค‘์•™ ์ง€๋„์ธต์€ ์ง€์ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜์ž๋Š” ํ™•๊ณ ํ•œ ์˜์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์ง€์ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์‹ ์ˆ˜์ค€๋„ ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ง€์ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์™€ ์ง‘ํ–‰์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋ฏธํกํ•œ ์ ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‹ค. ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ง€์ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋†’์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์งง์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์ง€์ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ๋ฒ•๊ทœ ๋ฐ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฒ•๊ทœ์™€ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ง‘ํ–‰์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ค‘๊ตญ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ง€์ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง‘ํ–‰๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ง€์ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์ธ์‹์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์ง€์ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™๋ณด์™€ ๊ต์œก ํ™œ๋™๋„ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๊ฐœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.ไธญๆ–‡ๆ‘˜่ฆ i ็›ฎๅฝ• iii ๅ›พ่กจ็›ฎๅฝ• v โ… . ๅผ•่จ€ 1 ไธ€. ็ ”็ฉถ่ƒŒๆ™ฏ 1 ไบŒ. ็ ”็ฉถ่Œƒๅ›ด 2 ไธ‰. ๅ›ฝๅ†…ๅค–็ ”็ฉถ็Žฐ็Šถๅ’Œ็ ”็ฉถๅฟ…่ฆๆ€ง 2 ๅ››. ็ ”็ฉถๆ–นๆณ• 4 โ…ก. ไธญๅ›ฝ็Ÿฅ่ฏ†ไบงๆƒๅˆถๅบฆ็š„ๅŽ†ๅฒ 5 ไธ€. ้‚“ๅฐๅนณๆ—ถไปฃ๏ผˆ1978-1992ๅนด๏ผ‰ 5 ไบŒ. ๆฑŸๆณฝๆฐ‘ๆ—ถไปฃ (1993-2002ๅนด) 7 ไธ‰. ่ƒก้”ฆๆถ›ๆ—ถไปฃ (2003-2012ๅนด) 8 ๅ››. ไน ่ฟ‘ๅนณๆ—ถไปฃ (2013-็Žฐๅœจ) 10 โ…ข. ๅฏนไธญๅ›ฝ็Ÿฅ่ฏ†ไบงๆƒไฟๆŠค็š„็ซ‹ๅœบไน‹ๅทฎ๏ผšไธญๅ›ฝvs.็พŽๅ›ฝ 12 ไธ€. ไธญๅ›ฝๅ’Œ็พŽๅ›ฝๅ„่‡ช็š„็ซ‹ๅœบ 12 1. ไธญๅ›ฝ 12 2. ็พŽๅ›ฝ 17 ไบŒ. ไบ‰่ฎบ็„ฆ็‚นไปฅๅŠ็†็”ฑ 24 โ…ฃ. ๅ…ฅไธ–ๅŽไธญๅ›ฝ็Ÿฅ่ฏ†ไบงๆƒไฟๆŠค็š„ๅ‘ๅฑ•่ฟ‡็จ‹ไปฅๅŠ็Žฐ็Šถ 30 ไธ€. ๅ…ฅไธ–ๅŽไธญๅ›ฝ็Ÿฅ่ฏ†ไบงๆƒไฟๆŠค็š„็ซ‹ๆณ• 30 1. ไธ“ๅˆฉๆณ• 30 2. ๅ•†ๆ ‡ๆณ• 33 3. ่‘—ไฝœๆƒๆณ• 35 ไบŒ. ๅ…ฅไธ–ๅŽไธญๅ›ฝ็Ÿฅ่ฏ†ไบงๆƒ็š„ไฟๆŠค็š„ๆ‰ง่กŒ 37 1. ไธญๅคฎ 38 2. ๅœฐๆ–น 39 โ…ค. ่ฏ„ไปทไธญๅ›ฝ็Ÿฅ่ฏ†ไบงๆƒไฟๆŠค 46 โ…ฅ. ็ป“่ฏญ 48 ๅ‚่€ƒๆ–‡็Œฎ 50 ้Ÿฉๆ–‡ๆ‘˜่ฆ 55Maste

    TV ์˜ค๋ฝํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ์˜ `์‹ ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์ทจํ–ฅ`์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™์ „๊ณต,2005.Maste

    ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ๊ด‘ ๋‹จ์ธต์˜์ƒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์œ ๋ฐฉ ๋ณ‘๋ณ€์˜ ๊ฐ๋ณ„

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    Purpose: To evaluate interobserver agreement for the assessment of calcifications on screening mammography, and to evaluate the difference between routine views and spot compression with magnification views. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the mammographic findings of 135 patients who had calcifications on the screening mammography from January to December 2005, and confirmed by biopsy or surgery, or follow up mammography more than 2 years. Two breast-dedicated radiologists, who were blind to the results of calcifications, independently reviewed routine mammography and spot compression with magnification views which were mixed randomly, and assessed calcifications from category 2 to 5 according to the ACR BI-RADS. We evaluated interobserver agreement on routine views and spot compression with magnification views, and compared in malignant and benign calcifications. Kappa value and McNemar test were used in statistical analysis. Results: There were 136 lesions of calcifications in 135 patients. There were 36 malignant calcifications and 6 atypical ductal hyperplasia confirmed by surgery or biopsy, and 94 other benign calcifications confirmed by biopsy or follow up mammography over 2 years. Overall interobserver agreement for the assessment of calcifications on routine views was 0.505, 0.515 in malignant calcifications and 0.462 in benign calcifications. Overall interobserver agreement on the spot compression with magnification view was 0.600, 0.600 in malignant calcifications and 0.566 in benign calcifications. Conclusion: For the assessment of calcifications detected on the screening mammography, assessment on the spot compression with magnification views can increase the interobserver agreement than assessment on the routine views only.ope

    Thyroid imaging reporting and data system for US features of nodules: a step in establishing better stratification of cancer risk.

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    PURPOSE: To develop a practical thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TIRADS) with which to categorize thyroid nodules and stratify their malignant risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional review board approved this retrospective study, and the requirement to obtain informed consent for the review of images and records was waived. From May to December 2008, ultrasonographically (US)-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) was performed in 3674 focal thyroid nodules in 3414 consecutive patients. The study included the 1658 thyroid nodules (โ‰ฅ1 cm in maximum diameter at US) in 1638 patients (1373 women, 265 men) for which pathologic diagnosis or follow-up findings were available. Univariate and multivariate analyses with generalized estimating equations were performed to investigate the relationship between suspicious US features and thyroid cancer. A score for each significant factor was assigned and multiplied by the ฮฒ coefficient obtained for each significant factor from multivariate logistic regression analysis. Scores for each significant factor were then added, resulting in an equation that fitted the probability of malignancy in thyroid nodules. The authors evaluated the fitted probability by using a regression equation; the risk of malignancy was determined according to the number of suspicious US features. RESULTS: The following US features showed a significant association with malignancy: solid component, hypoechogenicity, marked hypoechogenicity, microlobulated or irregular margins, microcalcifications, and taller-than-wide shape. As the number of suspicious US features increased, the fitted probability and risk of malignancy also increased. Positive predictive values according to the number of suspicious US features were significantly different (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Risk stratification of thyroid malignancy by using the number of suspicious US features allows for a practical and convenient TIRADSope
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