Improvement of mungbean reference genome and QTL identification for synchronous pod maturity

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 농업생명과학대학 식물생산과학부, 2017. 8. 이석하.Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) is a good source of carbohydrate and dietary protein in South, East and Southeast Asia. However, uneven pod maturity of mungbean leads to low harvest index and more labor. In this study, we improved genome assembly of cultivated mungbean (V. radiata var. radiata VC1973A) by Pacbio long reads. Total of 557 scaffolds were assembled with N50 length of 5.2 Mb. Total bases of the scaffolds were 475 Mb, which was 87.5% of the estimated mungbean genome size. To anchor the scaffolds to 11 pseudochromosomes, we construct high resolution genetic map by whole genome resequencing of 187 Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) derived from a cross between VC1973A and Korean landrace V2984. In addition, quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis for synchronous maturity of pods was conducted by using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers used to construct the genetic map. To evaluate synchronous maturity of pods, we collected phenotypic data from 187 RILs. Two QTLs for synchronous maturity were found on chromosome 4 and 7 with LOD scores 2 or higher. The improved genome assembly of mungbean will facilitate genome research and molecular breeding program. Furthermore, newly identified QTLs can help breed elite cultivars with synchronous maturity leading shorter harvesting time, less labor and higher yield.INTRODUCTION 1 LITERATURE REVIEW 3 Mungbean 3 Synchronous pod maturity in mungbean 4 Genome assembly 5 MATERIALS AND METHODS 6 Plant materials and phenotyping 6 Genetic map construction and QTL analysis 7 Genome assembly . 8 Genome assembly assessment 8 Genome comparison 9 RESULTS 10 Genome assembly with long reads 10 Genetic map construction 13 Genome assembly assessment 17 Genome assembly improvement 20 QTL analysis for agronomic trait 28 DISCUSSION 32 REFERENCES 35 ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 45Maste

Partial Conduction Block as an Early Nerve Conduction Finding in Neurolymphomatosis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Neurolymphomatosis is a rare manifestation of hematological malignancy and is characterized by direct infiltration of the peripheral nervous system. The objective of this study was to identify the clinical and electrophysiological features of neurolymphomatosis. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 13 patients with neurolymphomatosis. Seven (54%) of the patients were men, and the median age at symptom onset was 60.0 years. RESULTS: The most common type of underlying malignancy was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (69%). Twelve patients had painful asymmetric neuropathies. The median survival time after diagnosis was 7 months, and 12 patients died during the study period. Thirty-eight motor nerve conduction studies (NCSs) were performed in the affected nerves. Ten and 28 motor nerves were classified into the conduction-block and simple-axon-degeneration groups, respectively. The median time interval between symptom onset and the NCS was significantly shorter in the conduction-block group than in the simple-axon-degeneration group (p=0.032). However, no significant differences in the motor nerve conduction velocities, terminal latencies, and distal compound muscle action potential amplitudes were identified between the conduction-block and simple-axon-degeneration groups. The conduction-block group showed excessive temporal dispersion in only five of the ten NCSs (50%). Follow-up NCSs revealed that partial conduction blocks had changed into axonal degeneration patterns. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to analyze the electrophysiological features of patients with neurolymphomatosis. Our findings showed that a partial conduction block is not rare and is an early nerve conduction abnormality in neurolymphomatosis.ope

Clinical and Pathologic Findings of Korean Patients with RYR1-Related Congenital Myopathy

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate clinical and pathologic characteristics of five Korean patients with RYR1-related congenital myopathy (CM). METHODS: Five patients from unrelated families were diagnosed with RYR1-related CM via direct or targeted sequencing of RYR1. Their clinical, mutational, and pathologic findings were then analyzed. RESULTS: Seven different mutations were identified, including two novel mutations: c.5915A>T and c.12250C>T. All of the patients presented at infancy with proximal dominant weakness and delayed motor milestones. Other clinical findings were scoliosis in three patients, winged scapula in two, hip dislocation in one, and pectus excavatum in one. Ophthalmoplegia was observed in one patient with a novel recessive mutation. Two of three muscle specimens revealed a myopathic pattern with core. CONCLUSIONS: We have identified a novel compound heterozygous RYR1 mutation and demonstrated clinical and pathologic findings in five Korean patients with RYR1-related CM.ope

Triggered Electrooculography for Identification of Oculomotor and Abducens Nerves during Skull Base Surgery

Objective: Electrooculography (EOG) records eyeball movements as changes in the potential difference between the negatively charged retina and the positively charged cornea. We aimed to investigate whether reliable EOG waveforms can be evoked by electrical stimulation of the oculomotor and abducens nerves during skull base surgery. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 18 patients who had undergone a skull base tumor surgery using EOG (11 craniotomies and seven endonasal endoscopic surgeries). Stimulation was performed at 5 Hz with a stimulus duration of 200 μs and an intensity of 0.1-5 mA using a concentric bipolar probe. Recording electrodes were placed on the upper (active) and lower (reference) eyelids, and on the outer corners of both eyes; the active electrode was placed on the contralateral side. Results: Reproducibly triggered EOG waveforms were observed in all cases. Electrical stimulation of cranial nerves (CNs) III and VI elicited positive waveforms and negative waveforms, respectively, in the horizontal recording. The median latencies were 3.1 and 0.5 ms for craniotomies and endonasal endoscopic surgeries, respectively (p=0.007). Additionally, the median amplitudes were 33.7 and 46.4 μV for craniotomies and endonasal endoscopic surgeries, respectively (p=0.40). Conclusion: This study showed reliably triggered EOG waveforms with stimulation of CNs III and VI during skull base surgery. The latency was different according to the point of stimulation and thus predictable. As EOG is noninvasive and relatively easy to perform, it can be used to identify the ocular motor nerves during surgeries as an alternative of electromyography.ope

Discovery of city nature

인간은 언제나 자연과 함께 살아왔다. 인간의 삶에서 자연은 필수 불가결한 존재이다. 큰 의미의 자연인 공기, 물, 햇살이 없으면 인간은 존재할 수 없으며 그보다 작은 자연인 동물, 식물이 없으면 생명을 유지할 수 없다. 우리가 태어나 숨 쉬고 있는 지금의 이 세상을 살아가는 한 인간과 자연은 계속해서 상호작용하며 공존한다. 그러한 인간과 자연의 관계는 자연적으로 발생한 지형적 환경, 기후적 환경, 인간의 문명과 같은 여러 가지 요인들에 따라 다양한 형태로 나타난다. 자연현상으로 인한 자연재해를 대비하기 위해 기술적으로 연구를 하여 방지 대책을 마련하는 문명이 있는 반면 자연재해가 신의 노여움으로 인한 것이라고 생각하여 제사를 지내는 문명이 있었다. 자연을 인간 문명의 발전을 위해 사용하기도 하였고 인간의 삶을 자연의 흐름에 맡기기도 하였다. 또한 그러한 자연을 대하는 시각과 태도에 따라 자연을 다양하게 표현하기도 하였다. 자연현상, 동식물들의 모습을 바라보며 인간의 마음을 대입하기도 하였고 자연 그 자체에서 오는 미적인 감흥을 음악, 무용, 미술 등으로 표출하기도 하였다. 본 논문에서는 자연과 인간의 관계를 크게 동양의 동아시아 문화권과 서양 문화권으로 분류하여 비교, 분석해 보았다. 그리고 그러한 차이에 따라 동양과 서양의 미술작품들이 서로 어떤 특징을 가지는지 정리하였다. 그 중 서양과 제일 구분되며 동양의 자연관이 잘 드러나는 초충도를 집중적으로 연구해 보았다. 초충도는 풀꽃과 풀벌레를 대상으로 하여 그린 그림이다. 초충도에서와 같이 자연을 주제로 한 산수화에서는 속세에서 벗어난 삶, 이상향을 그려낸 반면 초충도에서는 평범한 삶 안에서 접할 수 있는 일상적 자연의 모습을 그려내었다. 초충도가 독립적인 분야로 세분화되고 전문화됨에 따라 기법과 표현 방식 또한 다양하게 발전되었다. 우리나라에서도 초충도는 조선시대의 많은 작가들에 의해 즐겨 그려졌고 다양한 초충도 작품들이 현재까지 전해지고 있다. 초충도는 일상적 자연의 풍경을 다루고 있기 때문에 당시의 삶의 모습과 당시 작가들의 자연을 보는 시각까지도 엿볼 수 있다. 현재 본인이 살고 있는 21세기 서울의 도시 속에서는 조선시대와 달리 일상 속에서 풀꽃과 풀벌레들을 접하기 힘들다. 그러나 삶의 모습이 달라졌을 뿐 지금의 도시 속 일상에서도 자연의 모습을 찾아낼 수 있다. 본인은 그러한 자연의 모습을 본인만의 시각으로 발견하여 작품에 옮기고자 하였다. 본 논문에서는 본인이 표현하려고 하는 일상의 자연의 모습을 먼저 작품으로 표현한 조선시대의 초충도 작가들의 정신과 기법을 연구하여 이를 본인의 작품과 비교, 분석하였다. 그리고 그러한 결과로 초충도에서 느낄 수 있는 자연친화적이고 여유로운 삶의 자세를 본인의 작품을 대하는 태도에도 접목시켜 앞으로의 작품창작의 방향을 확고히 하는 것에 의의를 두고자 한다.;A human being is lived with nature. Nature is a vital element to human's life. Humanity do not exist without air, water and sunshine-kind of great nature and animals and plants like smaller than great nature. As long as we live lifes now, human coexist and interact with nature continually. Those relationships of human and nature occured that variety cause of physiographic feature, climatic environmental and civilizations. Whereas one civilization studied technological measures to prevent natural disaster, another civilization regarded natural disaster is caused by anger of nature's God that performed ancestral rites for God. They made use of nature resources to civilization development or adapted to nature. Therefore those diversity sights and attitudes to nature made various expressions. Humans had empathy between their feelings and natural phenomenon or plants and animals. Also they expressed inspirations from nature itself with music, dance and painting. In this thesis, relationship with human and nature is analyzed and compared East Asian culture and Western culture. Then described features that works of arts in East Asian and Western based on cultural differences. Above all, Chochungdo-painting of grass and insects- is studied intensively that emerged an Eastern view of nature and distinguished with Westerns. Chochungdo is an painting style drawed grass, flowers and insects. There is Sansuhwa-painting of landscape that main topic is nature like Chochungdo. While important subjuects of Sansuhwa are utopia and forsake the world-life, Chochungdo treated about small nature in everyday life. Chochungdo is independent as granular and in $accordance with the specialized techniques and expression also developed variously. In Korea, Chochungdo is mostly painted by many artists of Chosun Dynasty. Also plenty of Chochungdo-art works have been passed down to the present. Chochungdo is daily dealing with nature's scenery. Therefore we can find the view of nature of the way of life and artists at that time. Unlike Chosun Dynasty era, it's hard to face natural plants and insects in city of Seoul, 21C. There's only difference that just changed the way of life, we can discover the appearances of nature in everyday city life. I tried to discover my own perspective and reflect that appearances of nature in my painting. In this thesis, I studied the mind and techniques of the Chosun Dynasty era's artists, where I first expressed the daily images of nature that I am trying to express myself, and compared it with my work. And as a result, I intend to resolutely attach significance to the direction of creation of coming art works by grafting the attitude of nature-friendly and leisurely life that I can feel in Chochungdo to the attitude.Ⅰ. 서론 1 A. 연구의 목적 1 B. 연구의 내용과 방법 2 Ⅱ. 이론적 연구 4 A. 인간과 자연 4 - 미술 작품 속에서 나타나는 인간과 자연의 관계 - 4 B. 동양의 그림에서 나타나는 식물 13 1. 초충도에 드러난 한국인의 자연관 13 2. 초충도의 이해 17 3. 조선시대 초충도의 대표적 작가와 작품 21 Ⅲ. 표현 내용 및 방법적 연구 28 A. 도시의 일상 속에 자리한 자연의 모습 28 B. 표현 방법 연구 32 1. 묘사 32 2. 여백과 생략 35 3. 발묵법 37 Ⅳ. 작품 분석 39 Ⅴ. 결론 63 참고문헌 66 Abstract 6

Serum interleukin-27 expression in patients with myasthenia gravis

의과대학/석사Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a well-characterized autoimmune disease directed at the postsynaptic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) or end plate of the neuromuscular junction. Interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-17, and thymic abnormality are related to the pathogenesis and immunoregulation of MG. IL-27 is a new cytokine that promote T helper 1 (Th1) cells differentiation, inhibit the differentiation and function of T helper 17 (Th17), T helper 2 (Th2) cells. In addition, IL-27 is critical for the function of T follicular helper cells and for germinal center responses. The purpose of this study was to assess the role of IL-27 in human MG pathogenesis. We determined IL-27 levels in patients with MG (n=32) compared to healthy controls (n=50). Serum IL-27 levels of patients with MG and controls were 35.947 (23.044-112.949) pg/mL and 19.885 (7.795-118.372) pg/mL, respectively which were significantly higher in MG patients (p=0.019). Furthermore, Serum IL-27 levels were significantly higher in early onset MG patients (classified as patients with age of onset < 50) than in late onset MG patients (p=0.022): 52.809 (25.901-252.894) pg/mL and 26.068 (17.773-36.270) pg/mL, respectively. This study suggests the possibility that IL-27 might contribute to MG pathogenesis or immunoregulation.restrictio

GANTRYY STAGE APPARATUS

개시된 본 발명에 의한 갠트리 스테이지장치는, 상호 마주하는 제1 및 제2레일을 포함하는 레일부, 제1 및 제2레일을 따라 이동하는 이동부, 제1레일과 이동부의 일단을 상호 연결시켜 구동시키는 제1구동기 및, 제2레일과 이동부의 타단을 상호 연결시켜 구동시키는 제2구동기를 포함하여, 레일부에 대해 이동부를 슬라이딩 구동시키는 구동부 및, 구동부의 구동을 감지하여 제어하는 제어부를 포함하며, 제1 및 제2구동기 중 어느 하나는 탄성 구동기를 포함한다. 이러한 구성에 의하면, 내외부 환경 요인에 따른 구동력 변화를 감지하여 조절할 수 있어 구동 효율 및 안전성을 향상시킬 수 있다

CONTROL DEVICE FOR PLANT AND CONTROLLING METHOD OF THE SAME

플랜트 제어 장치가 개시된다. 본 개시의 플랜트 제어 장치는, 플랜트와 통신하는 통신 장치, 플랜트에 대한 지령 입력을 입력받으면, 지령 입력에 기초하여 플랜트에 대한 제어 입력을 생성하여 플랜트에 제공하는 프로세서를 포함하고, 프로세서는, 지령 입력 및 기저장된 제1 파라미터를 이용하여 플랜트의 피드포워드 제어 입력을 산출하고, 플랜트의 출력 및 지령 입력의 차분값에 기초하여 에러를 산출하고, 산출된 에러 및 기저장된 제2 파라미터를 이용하여 플랜트의 피드백 제어 입력을 산출하고, 피드포워드 제어 입력, 피드백 제어 입력, 플랜트의 출력 및 기저장된 제1 파라미터에 기초하여 플랜트의 예측 외란을 산출하고, 피드포워드 제어 입력, 피드백 제어 입력 및 예측 외란에 기초하여 플랜트에 대한 제어 입력을 생성하며, 플랜트의 초기 구동 시에 플랜트의 초기 출력에 기초하여 제1 파라미터 및 제2 파라미터를 동시에 조정할 수 있다