38 research outputs found

    - During the Kim Il Sung and the Kim Jung Un Eras

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ตญ์ œ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ตญ์ œํ•™๊ณผ(ํ•œ๊ตญํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2021. 2. ๋ฐ•ํƒœ๊ท .๊ตญ๋ฌธ ์ดˆ๋ก (ABSTRACT IN KOREA) ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ ๋ณด์œ ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฌ์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ œ์žฌ์™€ ์ง•๋ฒŒ์  ์กฐ์น˜์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ตญ์ œ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์žฌ์ •์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์—ด์•…ํ•œ ๋ถํ•œ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ •๊ถŒ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ๋น„์ฃผ๋ฅ˜์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์™ธ๊ต์  ํ˜„์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์€ ๊ตญ์ œ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถํ•œ ๋Œ€์™ธ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ „ํ™˜์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์™ธ๋ถ€์š”์ธ์ด ๊น€์ผ์„ฑ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ๋ฐํƒ•ํŠธ ์‹œ๋Œ€(1960~1979)์™€ ๊น€์ •์€ ์‹œ๋Œ€(2011~2011๋…„)์˜ ๋น„๊ต์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋ถ„์„๋œ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ถํ•œ๊ณผ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์™ธ๊ต ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€? ์šฐ์„ , ๊น€์ผ์„ฑ ํ†ต์น˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐํƒ•ํŠธ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋ถํ•œ์€ ์ฃผ์ฒด์‚ฌ์ƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์ธ๋ ฅ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žฌ์ •์  ์ง€์›์„ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์— ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์•ˆ์ •๋œ ์™ธ๊ต ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋งบ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์™ธ๊ต์  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์˜€๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„์—๋„, ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๋œ ๊ตญ์ œ์  ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ถํ•œ์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ์šฐํ˜ธ์ ์ธ ์™ธ๊ต ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊น€์ •์€ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋“ค์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€์˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ต๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์œ ์—”๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ œ์žฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ถํ•ํ•œ ์žฌ์ •์„ ๋ณด์ถฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์™ธ๊ต ์ •์ฑ…์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์™€ ์ „๋ก€ ์—†์ด ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ์  ์ œ์žฌ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ๊น€์ •์€ ์ •๊ถŒ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์™ธ๊ต๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์™ธ๊ต์ •์ฑ…๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ทน๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๋œ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์™ธ๊ต ์ •์ฑ… ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์–‘์ธก๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ณ ์œ„๊ธ‰ ๊ฐ„๋ถ€์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋นˆ๋„์™€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ๋ชฉ์  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์  ์ง€์› ํ–‰ํƒœ ๋ถ„์„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ถํ•œ ๋Œ€์™ธ์ •์ฑ…์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ๋Œ€์™ธ์  ์š”์ธ์—๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ œ์žฌ์™€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์  ์ง€์›, ๋‚จํ•œ์˜ ํ• ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ(Hallstein Doctrine)์›์น™์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์™ธ๊ต์ •์ฑ… ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น„๋™๋งน์šด๋™(NAM) ์—ฐ๋Œ€ ๋“ฑ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Œ€์™ธ์  ์š”์ธ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ถํ•œ๊ณผ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์™ธ๊ต ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋Š”์ง€, ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋Œ€์™ธ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ์ „ํ™˜ ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์–ด๋• ๋Š”์ง€ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค. Key words :๋ถํ•œ,์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด,์™ธ๊ต ๊ด€๊ณ„,๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๊ต๋ฅ˜,๊ตญ์ œ ์ œ์žฌ,๋‚จํ•œ์˜ ํ• ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ(Hallstein Doctrine) ์›์น™ Student Number: 2017- 20782ABSTRACT North Korea, an isolated and impoverished nation, still maintains its relatively stable regime despite all the international sanctions and punitive measures. The deep analysis of the hidden foreign relation between the DPRK and Africa could extend our existing perceptions and offer alternative perspectives to handle continuous threats posed by this secretive country in different ways. In this background, crucial external reasons for the reorientation of North Korean foreign policy in Africa will be analyzed by a comparative study between the Dรฉtente period (1960-1979) during the Kim Il Sung era and the Kim Jung Un eras (2011- present). Why does the foreign relation between North Korea and African nations matter? In the past, North Korea pursued amicable diplomatic relations with African nations for decades ultimately to obtain reliable supports from them on the international stage in the diplomatic competition with South Korea. Besides promoting the ideology Juche (self-reliance) and providing infrastructure and military assistance to African countries, North Korea passionately tried to bond close ties with the African counterparts to escape from its isolated international position. Even until Nowadays, some African countries have still functioned as financial lifelines for the benefits of the DPRK against severe sanctions imposed by the U.N. and the United States, the official diplomatic exchanges between the two regions have significantly decreased. The difference in the previous and current North Korean foreign policy strategies in Africa can be more clearly presented by comparing the dรฉtente period when North Korea established the most robust diplomatic relations with African nations and the recent Kim Jong Un regime when its whole external relation is greatly limited under the unprecedentedly severe international sanctions. Firstly, the shifted North Korean foreign policy in Africa during the two different periods will be measured by two indicators: the exchange of high-level officers and the military assistance from North Korea to African nations. Secondly, the four external factors that have been influencing North Koreas foreign policy were selected: international sanctions, military assistance from the DPRK, the Hallstein doctrine of South Korea, and the solidarity of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). By closely reviewing these factors individually and analyzing what influence they have had on the diplomatic relation between the DPRK and Africa, it will be revealed how the reorientation of the DPRKs foreign policy in Africa has been evolved. Keywords: North Korea, Africa, diplomatic relation, military exchange, international sanction, Hallstein doctrine of South Korea Student Number: 2017- 20782I. INTRODUCTION 1 1. Research Background 1 2. Research Questions & Hypothesis 5 3. Literature Review 7 4. Methodology 11 II. DEFINITION OF FOREIGN POLICY 14 1. The difference between Foreign Policy and diplomacy 14 2. The determinants of Foreign Policy 16 III. GENERAL REVIEW 18 1. The overview of foreign relations between North Korea and Africa 18 2. A comparative study between Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Un Eras 23 IV. REDIRECTION OF NORTH KOREAN FOREIGN POLICY IN AFRICA 26 1. Official exchanges of high-level officers 26 2. The military assistance 38 V. ANALYSIS OF THE EXTERNAL FACTORS 46 1 Sanction on the trade between the DPRK and African nations 47 2 The Hallstein doctrine of South Korea 63 3 The solidarity of NAM (Non-Aligned Movement) 67 VI. CONCLUSION 71 BIBLIOGRAPHY 77 ABSTRACT IN KOREA 87 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 89Maste

    ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์ด์ต์ง‘๋‹จ ์ •์น˜: ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์ž์‚ฐ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์†Œ ๋ฐ ์šฐ๋ฒ„ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ •์น˜์™ธ๊ตํ•™๋ถ€(์ •์น˜ํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2023. 2. ๊ฐ•์›ํƒ.ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์€ ๊ทœ์ œ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค์˜ ๊ธฐ์กด ์‹œ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ์ •์น˜์  ์—ญํ•™์— ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ์—…๊ณ„์˜ ์—…์ฒด๋“ค์€ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋‚˜ ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ง„์ถœํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ์šฐํšŒํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฒ•์ , ๊ทœ์ œ์  ์ง„์ž… ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ์จ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ ํ™œ๋™์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋Š” ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ฑ„๋„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ํŠน์ • ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทœ์ œ ์˜์—ญ์— ์†ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹ ๊ทœ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ๊ณต์—…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ง„์ž…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€ ์Šน์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋น„๊ต์  ์ž์œ ๋กญ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค์˜ ์ „๋ก€ ์—†๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•œ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์„ ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ํ†ต์ œ๋ ฅ์„ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ , ์ •์น˜์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋„์ „์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์‹œ์žฅ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ด์ต ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ชจ๋‘๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ €ํ•ญ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์›์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด ์ค„ ์ด์ต์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ์‚ฌ์—…์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ด์ต์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ถ€์— ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ ๊ทœ ์ง„์ž…์ž๋“ค์„ ๊ทœ์ œํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ •์น˜์  ์••๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค์˜ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ง„์ถœ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ํ•ด๋‹น ์„œ๋น„์Šค์™€ ๊ทœ์ œ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์‹œ์žฅ ํ™•๋Œ€์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•  ์ „๋‹ด ์ •๋ถ€๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ์žฅ ์ง„์ž…์ž๋กœ์„œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ์‚ฌ์—…์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ด์ต์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ ์š”๊ตฌ์™€ ์ •์น˜์  ์••๋ฐ•์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ์‚ฌ์—… ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ทœ์ œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋“๊ถŒ ์ด์ต์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์••๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•œ ์ด์ต์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ดํ›„ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์˜๋ฌธ์ด ์ œ๊ธฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ฑ„๋„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šด์˜๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์กฐ์ง์ ์ธ ์ด์ต์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„ ์ •๋ถ€ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์œ ํšจํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํŠน์ • ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ทœ์ œ ์˜๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ, ์—ฐ๊ธฐ, ๋˜๋Š” ์ทจ์†Œ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์™œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์ด์ต์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ผ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ด์ต์ง‘๋‹จ์ธ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ด์ต์ง‘๋‹จ(IIG : Invisible Interest Group)์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์ต์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์€ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ ๊ณผ์ •์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋Œ€์ค‘์ด ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์›๋˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๋‹ค. IIG๋Š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์˜ ํŠน์ง• ๋ฐ ์ •์น˜์  ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ๋™์›์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์ง‘๋‹จํ™œ๋™์ธ ์ด์ต์ง‘๋‹จ, ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์šด๋™๊ณผ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™”๋œ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋น„์กฐ์งํ™”๋œ ์ด์ต์ง‘๋‹จ์ธ IIG๋Š” 1์ฐจ์  ์ด์ต์ง‘๋‹จ(primary group)๊ณผ ํŒŒ์ƒ์  ์ด์ต์ง‘๋‹จ(derivative group)์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์กฐ์ง์ด๋‚˜ ํšŒ์›๊ฐ€์ž… ์—†์ด ์šด์˜๋œ๋‹ค. IIG์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ์‚ฌ์—…์ž์™€ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž„์‹œ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋™์›์„ ์กฐ์งํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. IIG๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์ด์ต์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์šด๋™๊ณผ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง‘ํ•ฉํ–‰๋™์—์„œ ํŒŒ์ƒ๋œ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— IIG๋งŒ์˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋™์งˆ์ ์ธ(homogenous) ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ๋“ค์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง์ธ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์ด์ต์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ฐ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์šด๋™๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ IIG๋Š” ๊ณตํ†ต๋œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์ง€๋งŒ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™”๋œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„(differentiated) ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์„ ํฌ๊ด„ํ•œ๋‹ค. IIG์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๋ชฉํ‘œ(external goals)๋Š” ํŠน์ • ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ์‚ฌ์—…์ž์˜ ์‚ฌ์  ์ด์ต์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๋‚ด์  ๋ชฉํ‘œ(internal interests)๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋ณ„๋กœ ์ƒ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. IIG์˜ 1์ฐจ์  ์ด์ต์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ง์›๊ณผ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋‚ด์  ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ์ง€์›ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์  ์ด์ต์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์™€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ํŒŒ์ƒ์  ์ด์ต์ง‘๋‹จ์ด IIG์˜ ํ™œ๋™์— ์ ๊ทน ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ด์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ณต์  ์ด์ต์„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅ์œ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Œ€์ค‘์˜ ๋™์›์€ ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ ์ง‘๋‹จ(latent group)์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์กŒ๋˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์™€ ๋Œ€์ค‘ ๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ๋Œ€๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ด์ต์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ณต์ต์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ํ™œ๋™ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ IIG๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์  ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉํ–‰๋™์„ ๋น„ํŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ๋Œ€์ค‘์ด ์ •์น˜๊ณผ์ •์— ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ณ  ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ด์ต์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. IIG์˜ ์กฐ์งํ™” ํ˜•์‹ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์ด์ต ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์šด๋™์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•œ๋‹ค. IIG๋Š” ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์›๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž์™€ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์ค‘๋“ค์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ IIG๋Š” ์ค‘์•™ ์กฐ์ง์ด๋‚˜ ํ์‡„์ ์ธ ํšŒ์› ๊ฐ€์ž…์ด ์—†์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ทœ์ œ์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์ง€์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํŠน์ • ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ์‚ฌ์—…์ž์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์ œ๊ธฐ๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์กฐ์งํ™”๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์ด์ต ๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์†Œ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ IIG๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ฐœ์ž… ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด ๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค(invisible)๋Š” ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•œ๋‹ค. IIG์˜ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํŠน์ • ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์‚ฌ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ตœ์ดˆ ๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ์ดํ›„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์„œ์•ผ ๋™์›๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋น„๋กœ์†Œ ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ทœ์ œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œ„ํ˜‘๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง๊ฐ„์ ‘์  ์ด์ต์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž„์‹œ์ ์ด๊ณ (ad hoc), ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์ธ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋™์›๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ IIG ํ™œ๋™์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ์‚ฌ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ ์˜๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นจ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์šด์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๊ทœ์ œ ์ด์ „๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์ดˆ์ ์ด ๋งž์ถฐ์ ธ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋…ํŠนํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋™์›๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ์ • ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จํ–‰๋™์ด ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์ด์ต์— ๋” ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •์ฑ…์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—๋งŒ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด, IIG๋Š” ํ–ฅ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์‹œ์žฅ ์งˆ์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์œ ์ง€๋˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ง์ค‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ์ • ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ง€์ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด IIG์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์„ฑ๊ณต ์š”์ธ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€? ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” IIG๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์€ IIG๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์น˜์  ์••๋ ฅ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. IIG์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ์••๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋Š” ๋™์›๋ ฅ, ์กฐ์ง๋ ฅ, ์ •์น˜์  ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€ ์ œ์‹œ๋ ฅ ๋“ฑ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ถ”์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ์‚ฌ์—…์ž์™€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ด์ต์ง‘๋‹จ ๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€ ์ฃผ์ฒด ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ์‹ฌํ™”๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋Œ€์‘ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋™์›๋ ฅ์ด๋ž€ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ์‚ฌ์—…์ž๊ฐ€ ์˜์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ์  ์ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์‹ค์ œ ๋™์›ํ™œ๋™ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ์  ์ธ๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ์‚ฌ์—… ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž์™€ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜, ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ฒญ์› ๋ฐ ์†Œ์…œ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€์™€ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž ์ˆ˜, ํ•ด๋‹น ์‚ฌ์•ˆ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋‰ด์Šค์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜ ๋“ฑ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์ง๋ ฅ์ด๋ž€ IIG ํ™œ๋™์˜ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ™”๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฑ„๋„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์˜ ์ง‘์ค‘๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์ง๋ ฅ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ์‚ฌ์—…์ž ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ง€์ง€์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ฒŒ์‹œํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ฒญ์› ๋ฐ ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ ํ™œ๋™ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž ์ˆ˜, ๋™์› ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์— ์†Œ์š”๋œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ๋™์ผ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋™์› ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์ •์น˜์  ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€ ์ œ์‹œ๋ ฅ์€ IIG๊ฐ€ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ •์น˜์  ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์ •์น˜์  ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณต์‹ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. IIG์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ ฅ์€ IIG ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ณต์œ ๋œ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€์™€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํ™œ๋™์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด IIG์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–‘์ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ์งˆ์ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์–‘์ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์†Œ์…œ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๋ฐ ๋‰ด์Šค ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋™ํ–ฅ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ์†Œ์…œ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ์ž‘์„ฑ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๊ด€๋ จ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ๋ถ„์„ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ฌ์ธต ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์‹œ๋œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์ž์‚ฐ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์†Œ ๋ฐ ์šฐ๋ฒ„ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ •์„ฑ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ฐ€์ƒ์ž์‚ฐ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์†Œ์™€ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ 4๋Œ€ ๋„์‹œ(์„œ์šธ, ๋‰ด์š•, ๋Ÿฐ๋˜, ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ)์˜ ์šฐ๋ฒ„ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด IIG๊ฐ€ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๊ทœ์ œ์ •์ฑ… ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ์ •์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด, ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ทœ์ œ ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ์‚ฌ์—…์ž๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ด์šฉ์ž๋“ค์ด IIG๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์œ ๋„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋Œ€์ค‘์„ ๋™์›ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทœ์ œ๊ณผ์ •์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ IIG์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์™€ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋™์›๋ ฅ, ์กฐ์ง๋ ฅ, ์ •์น˜์  ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€ ์ œ์‹œ๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ IIG์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ์••๋ ฅ์ด ์ปค์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์ดˆ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ๊ทœ์ œ ์œ„ํ˜‘์— ์ง๋ฉดํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ IIG๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•  ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋™์› ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ทœ์ œ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” IIG์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์€ IIG๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ด์ต์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ •์น˜์  ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋” ํฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ๊ทธ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” IIG ์ •์น˜์  ์••๋ ฅ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž์™€ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ IIG์˜ ์ง์ ‘์  ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์™€ ๋Œ€์ค‘์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ž ์žฌ์  ์ง€์ง€์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜๋Š” IIG๊ฐ€ ๊ทœ์ œ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ, IIG์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต ์š”์ธ์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋™์›๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง๋ ฅ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž ๋ฐ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด, ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ฒญ์› ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ IIG ์„ฑ๊ณต์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋„์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์ปจ๋Œ€, IIG์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต ์‚ฌ๋ก€์ธ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์ž์‚ฐ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์†Œ์™€ ๋‰ด์š•๊ณผ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์˜ ์šฐ๋ฒ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž ๋ฐ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฐœํ‘œ ์ดํ›„ ์ˆ˜์ผ ๋‚ด์— ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์„œ๋ช…์šด๋™ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋™์› ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜ ๋งŒ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์„œ๋ช…์„ ๋ชจ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž…์ฆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ด์ต์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋™์›ํ™œ๋™์ด ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ์ •์ฑ… ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ์ •์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ด์ต์ง‘๋‹จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ด์ต์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์ถœํ˜„์ด ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ •์น˜ยท๊ฒฝ์ œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ‹€์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ด์ต์ง‘๋‹จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ์ • ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ด€์ ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธ‰๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์ •์น˜ํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ •์น˜์  ์ด์Šˆ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ Œ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐ์กด ์ •์น˜ํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํ•™์ˆ ์  ๋‹ด๋ก  ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ํ–ฅํ›„ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ์˜์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค.The advent of platform businesses has led to a significant transformation in the existing market structure and the political dynamics of regulatory processes. Platform businesses offer their services through online websites or apps and often circumvent traditional regulations, enabling consumers to participate in production activities by reducing legal and regulatory entry barriers. By bypassing traditional channels and operating outside of specific legal or regulatory frameworks, platform businesses reduce the need for new service providers to obtain government approval to enter the market. These unique characteristics of platform businesses pose challenges to the current economic and political structures, blurring the distinction between market and consumer and undermining the government's control over the market. The expansion of platform businesses, which have disrupted the market, has led to increased organized resistance from both established interest groups and government entities. Unlike platform businesses, incumbent market players have offline-based support groups that they use to exert political pressure on the government to regulate these new entrants. However, the government's lack of understanding of platform business services and their regulatory framework results in the absence of designated entities to address the expansion of these businesses in the market. Moreover, the governments tendency to hold negative attitudes towards new market entrants that do not abide by regulatory rules exacerbates the issue. As a result, faced with the need to regulate and pressure from established interest groups, the government may issue an initial regulatory announcement to regulate platform businesses. The initial regulatory announcement by the government to regulate platform businesses is often met with opposition from established interest groups and the governments own regulatory will. However, some platform businesses without formal interest groups have been successful in adjusting these regulations. This raises the question of why some of them have been able to affect the governments initial regulatory direction despite the challenges. Given that platform businesses operate through online, they are unlikely to form formal interest groups, leaving them at a disadvantage in terms of their ability to influence policy decisions. Nonetheless, there are instances where the government has altered its initial regulatory intent in regards to specific platform businesses. This leads to the research question of this study, which is: Why do some platform businesses succeed in affecting the governments initial regulatory direction in the face of opposition from established interest groups and the governments regulatory will? In this study, I propose the concept of the IIG (Invisible Interest Group) to answer the question of why some platform businesses are successful in influencing government regulations. This informal interest group is made up of both primary and secondary groups, and operates without a formal structure or membership. It is characterized by its unique organizational format, political purpose, participant characteristics, and mobilization features. Comprised of voluntarily mobilized online-based masses, the invisible interest group supports platform businesses in affecting the government's regulatory process. Its objective is to sway the governments initial regulatory intentions through ad hoc online mobilizations that are supported by a diverse range of participants, including platform business service providers and consumers. The IIG is a new form of interest group that differs from both traditional interest groups and online-based social movements. Unlike traditional interest groups, which are collections of individuals with similar interests pursuing a single goal, the IIG consists of participants with shared goals and differentiated interests. The primary group of the IIG is made up mainly of platform business employees and producers, whose internal goals are to secure their own direct interests by supporting a particular platform company. The derivative group, made up of consumers and the general public, participates in the IIGs activities to secure indirect public benefits from using platform business services. The IIGs mobilization of the mass public aligns it with public interest groups, as it seeks to represent the interests of both consumers and the public. This represents a new and unique form of interest group that challenges traditional views of interest groups and demonstrates the potential for the mass public to actively participate in the political process. The organizational format of the IIG is a unique combination of traditional interest groups and online-based social movement features. Unlike conventional interest groups, the IIG lacks a formal structure and is comprised of producers and consumers who voluntarily come together online. Despite its informal nature, the formation of the IIG is reminiscent of traditional interest groups, as it is initiated by an announcement from a specific platform business calling for supporters to resist government regulation. However, unlike other forms of collective action, the IIG is not immediately apparent and only becomes visible in response to official policy announcements from the government that threaten the interests of its participants through proposed regulatory measures. In response, IIG members mobilize voluntarily to form ad hoc online activities in support of the specific private interests of the platform business, aimed at securing their direct or indirect interests. Moreover, the IIG is a unique form of collective action, as it achieves its goals through discouraging the government from implementing regulations that would negatively impact existing platform businesses. This focus on preventing regulatory change sets the IIG apart from other forms of collective action, which typically aim to influence policymaking by pushing for the creation or modification of policies that better align with their interests. The success of the IIG in preventing government intervention in the market is a noteworthy aspect of the policymaking process, as previous research has demonstrated the ability of collective action to shape government policies. In this sense, the IIG provides a new lens through which to understand the influence of interest groups on the policymaking process, highlighting the power of groups to prevent regulatory change as well as push for it. The success of the IIG in influencing government regulations is contingent upon the magnitude of the political pressure exerted by it. This study proposes that the size of political pressure can be evaluated through three key variables: mobilization, organization, and political messaging power. These variables play a crucial role in determining the governments response in instances of intense conflict between platform businesses and established interest groups or government entities. Mobilization power refers to the potential manpower that a platform business can leverage, as well as the actual number of participants in the mobilization activities. It encompasses an estimation of the relative number of producers and consumers who utilize the platform business services to calculate the available manpower. Organization power pertains to the centralization of the IIGs activities, implying an evaluation of the concentration of influential activities through focusing its influence through a limited number of channels. The level of organizing power can be gauged through the number of representative online petitions initiated by the platform business or its supporters, as well as through online campaigns that involve social media message posting. Additionally, the amount of time required to achieve the mobilization target and the repetition of mobilization efforts for the same issue over time are also important factors to consider. Finally, political messaging power refers to the IIGs ability to formulate effective political messages that resonate with its participants. This variable can be analyzed through an examination of the shared messages among IIG participants and the political timing of their activities. The political messaging power of the IIG is crucial in determining its ability to effectively communicate its goals and objectives to relevant stakeholders. The study aims to examine the impact of the IIG on the platform business regulatory process through a comparative case study of Korean cryptocurrency exchanges and Uber in four global cities: Seoul, New York, London, and Paris. The research utilized a mixed-methods approach, incorporating both quantitative analysis through social media data and text analysis, as well as qualitative analysis through expert interviews. The results of the study indicate that the size and influence of the IIG are dependent on their mobilization power, organizing power, and political messaging power. When the government announces regulatory intentions, platform businesses tend to mobilize their service users to form an IIG, with the aim of influencing the regulatory process. The study findings suggest that the greater the political power of the IIG, the more likely it is to affect the governments initial regulatory intentions. The study findings demonstrate that platform businesses tend to form an IIG in response to regulatory threats. The effectiveness of the IIG in influencing government regulation is contingent upon its ability to exhibit a higher potential for political influence relative to established interest groups. The size and potency of the IIGs participants, which encompass both producers and consumers, and the actual number of individuals participating in specific mobilization activities initiated by the platform business, are crucial determinants of the IIGs influence in the regulatory process. The results of the study indicate that the success of the IIGs lies primarily in their ability to mobilize and organize their participants effectively. The number of producers and consumers, as well as the number of participants in a representative online petition, emerged as key factors in the success of the IIGs. The case studies of Korean cryptocurrency exchanges and Uber in New York and London provide evidence of the significance of having a substantial user base, whether producers or consumers, and the ability to quickly gather tens to hundreds of thousands of signatures within a few days of a government announcement. These findings highlight the importance of mobilization and organizing power in the success of the IIGs in influencing government regulation. This study contributes to the political science literature by exploring the newly emerging phenomenon of IIGs in the digital era and their impact on the regulatory process. The paper presents a unique perspective by proposing a new framework for analyzing the emergence of digital technology-based entities and their effect on established political and economic structures. The traditional political science discipline has faced challenges in comprehending these new developments, and this research endeavors to bridge this gap by introducing a new concept of interest groups and providing a theoretical lens for political scientists to examine political issues in the rapidly evolving digital era. The study represents an advancement in the academic discourse within traditional political science and lays the foundation for further research in this area.Chapter 1. Introduction 13 Chapter 2. The Rise of the New Interest Groups 19 2.1. Platform Business Politics as the Political Disruption 19 2.2. Limitations in Interest Group and Social Movement Discourse 27 2.3. Introduction of the IIG 34 2.4. Definition of the IIG 43 2.5. The IIGs Influence on the Regulatory Process 44 2.5.1. Existing Research Methodology 45 2.5.2. Modified Research Methodology 48 Chapter 3. The IIG Mobilizations and Their Impacts as Unprecedented Interest Groups 53 3.1. Key Success Factors of the IIG 53 3.2. Mobilization Factors of the IIG 59 Chapter 4. Case Selection and Case Analysis Methodology 63 4.1. Case Selection Criteria 63 4.2. Case Analysis Methodology 69 4.2.1. Mobilization Power Analysis 69 4.2.2. Organizing Power Analysis 72 4.2.3. Political Messaging Power Analysis 73 Chapter 5. Platform Business Case Studies 75 5.1. Case Study of Korean Cryptocurrency Exchanges (2018) 75 5.1.1. Case Introduction 75 5.1.2. The Governments Challenges with Cryptocurrency Issues 78 5.1.3. The Governments Initial Regulatory Announcement 79 5.1.4. The Emergence and the Impacts of the IIG 81 5.1.5. The IIGs Expansion and Increasing Political Pressure 84 5.1.6. The Governments Regulatory Reversal 93 5.1.7. The Government Assessment of the IIG Influence 93 5.1.8. Case Conclusion 95 5.2. Case Study of Uber in Seoul (2015) 98 5.2.1. [Background Information] Taxi Industry Regulation 99 5.2.2. Case Introduction 103 5.2.3. The Governments Initial Regulatory Announcement 105 5.2.4. The Emergence of the IIG and its Low Impacts 108 5.2.5. The Governments Maintenance of Announced Policy 110 5.2.6. The Government Assessment of the IIG Influence 111 5.2.7. Case Conclusion 112 5.3. Supplementary Uber Case Study (1): New York, 2015 114 5.3.1. [Background Information] Uber Cases in Global Cities 114 5.3.2. New York Case Introduction 115 5.3.3. The Governments Initial Regulatory Announcement 118 5.3.4. The Rise of the IIG and Its Swift Responsiveness 120 5.3.5. The Governments Response 133 5.3.6. Case Conclusion 133 5.4. Supplementary Uber Case Study (2): London, 2015 135 5.4.1. Case Introduction 135 5.4.2. The Governments Initial Regulatory Announcement 138 5.4.3. The Emergence of the IIG and its Continuous Impacts 139 5.4.4. Governments Final Decision 151 5.4.5. Case Conclusion 153 5.5. Supplementary Uber Case Study (3): Paris, 2015 155 5.5.1. Case Introduction 155 5.5.2. The Governments Initial Regulatory Announcement 160 5.5.3. The Emergence of IIG and Its Subpar Participation 162 5.5.4. Ubers Resistance and the Governments Strong Sanctions 170 5.5.5. Case Conclusion 171 5.6. Summary 172 Chapter 6. Conclusion 175 Bibliography 182 Abstract in Korean 203๋ฐ•

    ๊ตญ๋ฏผํˆฌํ‘œ์—์„œ์˜ ํˆฌํ‘œ ์„ ํƒ๊ณผ ์ •๋‹น ํ‰๊ฐ€: ์˜๊ตญ์˜ Brexit ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ •์น˜์™ธ๊ตํ•™๋ถ€, 2017. 8. ๊ฐ•์›ํƒ.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ 2016๋…„ ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ์‹ค์‹œ๋œ ๋ธŒ๋ ‰์‹œํŠธ ๊ตญ๋ฏผํˆฌํ‘œ์—์„œ์˜ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž ํˆฌํ‘œ ํ–‰ํƒœ์™€ ํˆฌํ‘œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ดํ›„ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž์˜ ์ง€์ง€ ์ •๋‹น ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ด๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ง€์ง€ ์ •๋‹น์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€์™€ ์˜๊ตญ ๋ฐ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—ฐํ•ฉ์˜ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๊ฐ์ด ๋ธŒ๋ ‰์‹œํŠธ ๊ตญ๋ฏผํˆฌํ‘œ ์„ ํƒ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋ธŒ๋ ‰์‹œํŠธ ํˆฌํ‘œ ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ง€ ์ •๋‹น ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋ฏผํˆฌํ‘œ์—์„œ ์ง€์ง€ ์ •๋‹น๊ณผ ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ธŒ๋ ‰์‹œํŠธ ์ฐฌ์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ ๋ฐ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—ฐํ•ฉ์˜ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ์ฒด์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์€ ์˜๊ตญ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—ฐํ•ฉ์˜ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ธŒ๋ ‰์‹œํŠธ์— ์ฐฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—ฐํ•ฉ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•์— ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ด๋“ค์ด ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—ฐํ•ฉ ํƒˆํ‡ด๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ง€์ง€ ์ •๋‹น์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋‹น์ผ์ฒด๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋‹น์ˆ˜ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋„๋Š” ๋ณด์ˆ˜๋‹น์—์„œ๋งŒ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ ๋˜ํ•œ ์Œ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋ธŒ๋ ‰์‹œํŠธ ๊ตญ๋ฏผํˆฌํ‘œ์—์„œ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ง€์ง€ ์ •๋‹น์˜ ๋‹น๋ก ๊ณผ ๋‹น์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์ง€๋ฆ„๊ธธ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€, ํˆฌํ‘œ ์ดํ›„ ์ง€์ง€ ์ •๋‹น ๋ฐ ํˆฌํ‘œ ์„ ํƒ๊ณผ ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ง€์ง€ ์ •๋‹น ํ‰๊ฐ€ โ€“ ์ •๋‹น์ผ์ฒด๊ฐ, ๋‹น์ˆ˜ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ๋„, ํˆฌํ‘œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋„ โ€“ ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์€ ์ง€์ง€ ์ •๋‹น ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋„ ๋ฐ ์ •๋‹น ํšจ์šฉ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ •๋‹น ์ฒด๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์€ ์˜๊ตญ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ์ฒด์ œ์—์„œ ์ •๋‹น์ด ํšจ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€์ง€ ์ •๋‹น์ด ํ†ต์ผ๋œ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ง€์ง€ ์ •๋‹น์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ง€์ง€ ์ •๋‹น์ด ์˜๊ตญ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ์ฒด์ œ์—์„œ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋ธŒ๋ ‰์‹œํŠธ ์ด์Šˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ†ต์ผ๋œ ๋‹น๋ก ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ •๋‹น์ด ํšจ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ง€์ง€ ์ •๋‹น์ด ํ†ต์ผ๋œ ๋‹น๋ก ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ์ง€์ง€ ์ •๋‹น์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋‹น์ผ์ฒด๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋‹น์ˆ˜ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ๋„, ํˆฌํ‘œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฝํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”, ์–‘๊ทนํ™” ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ธฐ์กด ์ •๋‹น์ด ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ด์Šˆ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๋Œ€๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ „๋ง์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ํˆฌํ‘œ ํ–‰ํƒœ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ ์˜๊ตญ ๋ฐ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—ฐํ•ฉ์˜ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ •๋‹น ์ •์น˜์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ •๋‹น โ†’ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ •๋‹น๊ณผ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๊ฐ€ ์Œ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ™•๋ฆฝ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ง€์ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ธฐ์กด ์ •๋‹น์ด ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์Šˆ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„์กŒ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž์˜ ํˆฌํ‘œ ํ–‰ํƒœ์™€ ํˆฌํ‘œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ดํ›„ ์ •๋‹น ์ •์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ ์ •๋‹น ์ฒด๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฌธํ—Œ ๊ฒ€ํ†  9 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€ 15 1. ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€ 15 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์งˆ๋ฌธ 20 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ 22 4. ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์„ค์ • 24 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„ 27 1. ๋ธŒ๋ ‰์‹œํŠธ ํˆฌํ‘œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ 27 2. ๊ตญ๋ฏผํˆฌํ‘œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ง€ ์ •๋‹น ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 30 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ์ข…ํ•ฉ ๋…ผ์˜ 37 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•จ์˜ 47 [๋ถ€๋ก] ์‘๋‹ต์ž ๋ถ„ํฌ 53 ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ 55 Abstract 62Maste

    ์œ ์•„์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ง€์—ฐ ์œ ๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋น„๊ต

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ์œ ์•„๊ต์œก์ „๊ณต, 2012. 2. ๋ฐ•ํ˜œ์ค€.์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋†€์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์œ ์•„์™€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์„ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ง€์—ฐ ์œ ๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ , ์œ ์•„์™€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์ด ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ ๋†€์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์œ ์•„์™€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰์ด ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ๋†€์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์œ ์•„์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ(ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ฑ, ๋ฏผ๊ฐ์„ฑ, ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ฑ, ์ฐธ์—ฌ์„ฑ)๊ณผ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ(ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ฑ, ๋ฏผ๊ฐ์„ฑ, ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ฑ, ์ฐธ์—ฌ์„ฑ)์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ์•„์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ง€์—ฐ ์œ ๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ ์œ ์•„์™€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์ด ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ , ์œ ์•„์™€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰์ด ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ธ์–ด๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ง€์—ฐ ์œ ์•„ 20๋ช…(30-57๊ฐœ์›”)๊ณผ ์ธ์ง€ ๋ฐ ์–ธ์–ด ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ์—ฐ๋ น์„ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งž์ถ˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์œ ์•„ 20๋ช…(17-32๊ฐœ์›”)๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘์ด๋‚˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์„ผํ„ฐ์— ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋†€์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์™€ ์œ ์•„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์บ ์ฝ”๋”๋กœ 15๋ถ„ ๋…นํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์™€ ์œ ์•„์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ 1๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์„ ํ‰์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ํ•˜์œ„๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋งˆ๋‹ค 15ํšŒ์”ฉ, ์ด 60ํšŒ ํ‰์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜ํ•ฉ๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” SPSS 18.0 ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๋นˆ๋„, ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ, ํ‰๊ท , ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ, t-๊ฒ€์ฆ, Pearson์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์–ธ์–ด๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ง€์—ฐ ์œ ์•„์™€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์œ ์•„ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ(ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ฑ, ๋ฏผ๊ฐ์„ฑ, ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ฑ, ์ฐธ์—ฌ์„ฑ)์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ง€์—ฐ ์œ ์•„์™€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์œ ์•„์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์–ธ์–ด๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ง€์—ฐ ์œ ์•„ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์™€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์œ ์•„ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ(ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ฑ, ๋ฏผ๊ฐ์„ฑ, ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ฑ, ์ฐธ์—ฌ์„ฑ)์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ง€์—ฐ ์œ ์•„ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์™€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์œ ์•„ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์œ ์•„์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ(ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ฑ, ๋ฏผ๊ฐ์„ฑ, ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ฑ, ์ฐธ์—ฌ์„ฑ)๊ณผ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ(ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ฑ, ๋ฏผ๊ฐ์„ฑ, ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ฑ, ์ฐธ์—ฌ์„ฑ)๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ •์  ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์œ ์•„์™€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ๋„ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ •์  ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ง€์—ฐ ์œ ์•„์™€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ ํ•˜์œ„ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์—์„œ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ •์  ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์•„์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ ์ด๊ณ , ์œ ์•„์˜ ์‹œ๋„๋‚˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ , ์œ ์•„์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋‚˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์— ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ฆ๊ฒ๊ฒŒ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌ ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์œ ์•„๋„ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์‹œ๋„๋ฅผ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋ฉฐ, ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ž˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์— ์ž˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์–ธ์–ด๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ง€์—ฐ ์œ ์•„์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ฑ์€ ์ •์  ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์œ ์•„์™€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์  ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ํ•˜ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ๋ณด์˜€์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ์ผ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์–ธ์–ด๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ง€์—ฐ ์œ ์•„์™€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์  ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์€ ์ผ๊ด€์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ง€์—ฐ ์œ ์•„์™€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ง€์—ฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์œ ์•„์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ง€์—ฐ ์œ ์•„๋ฅผ ๋†€์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ๋†€์ž‡๊ฐ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๋†€์ด๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด์  ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ณด์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜๋Š” ์ฒซ์งธ, ์–ธ์–ด๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์—ฐ๋ น๊ณผ ์ธ์ง€๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์—ฐ๋ น์„ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ์–ธ์–ด๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ง€์—ฐ ์œ ์•„์™€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์œ ์•„์™€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์–ธ์–ด๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ง€์—ฐ ์œ ์•„์™€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์œ ์•„์™€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์–ธ์–ด๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ง€์—ฐ ์œ ์•„์™€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์œ ์•„์™€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค๋Š”๋ฐ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์–ธ์–ด๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ง€์—ฐ ์œ ์•„์™€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹คMaste

    Salmonella Gallinarum์— ํŠน์ด์ ์ธ T7-์œ ์‚ฌ ์šฉ๊ท  ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์˜คํŒŒ์ง€(ฮฆSG-JL2)์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„

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์„œ์—ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ• ๋‹น๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ•™์„œ์—ด ๊ฐ„์— ์ทจ์—…๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„ํ™”๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ทจ์—… ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•จ์–‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์„œ์—ด๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์„ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์„œ์—ด๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ง€์–ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์„œ์—ด๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ํƒ์ƒ‰์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์„œ์—ด์ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์ฐธ์—ฌ์™€ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์˜ ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์›์ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ต์œก๊ณ ์šฉํŒจ๋„ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต 3ํ•™๋…„ ์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธ 2~10์ฐจ๋…„๋„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ์„œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด 4๋…„์ œ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์กธ์—…์ž 1,586๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ œํ•œ๋œ ๋ฒ”์œ„(limited range)๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ดํ•ญ ๋กœ์ง“ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜•(Binary Logit Regression Model)๊ณผ ํ† ๋น— ํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜•(Tobit Regression Model)์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋Œ€ํ•™์„œ์—ด์€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์ฐธ์—ฌ์™€ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ์— ์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์„œ์—ด์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ์ง€์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์„œ์—ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ทจ์—…๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„ํ™”๋œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ง„์ž…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์œ„์„œ์—ด ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ง„์ž…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  1์ฐจ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ•จ์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์ •๋„์™€ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ํ•˜์œ„์„œ์—ด ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ง„์ž…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  2์ฐจ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์— ๋œ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„๋ฅผ ์ ๊ฒŒ ์ง€์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ•™์„œ์—ด๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ •์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ๊ต์œก์ค‘์ ๊ณผ๋„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์œ„์„œ์—ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ต์œก์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ƒ์œ„์„œ์—ด ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์œก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด 1์ฐจ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ํ•จ์–‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ƒ์œ„์„œ์—ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์ •๋„์™€ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ํ•˜์œ„์„œ์—ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ง์—…์ง€ํ–ฅ์˜ ๊ต์œก์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์œก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด 2์ฐจ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์ด ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•˜์œ„์„œ์—ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์ด ์ƒ์œ„์„œ์—ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์ •๋„์™€ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์˜ ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋Œ€ํ•™์„œ์—ด์ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋ฐ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์™ธ๊ตญ์–ด ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ํ•ด์™ธ์—ฐ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋Œ€ํ•™์„œ์—ด์ด ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ์— ์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์‹œํ—˜ ์ค€๋น„ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก, ์ทจ์—…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์œกโ€คํ›ˆ๋ จ, ์ „๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ค‘์œ„๊ถŒ์ด๋‚˜ ํ•˜์œ„๊ถŒ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์ •๋„์™€ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ถ„์ ˆ๋œ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ณ , ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ง„์ž…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ•จ์–‘ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์— ๋” ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์œ„์„œ์—ด ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ 1์ฐจ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ธ ๊ตญ์ œํ™” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์™ธ๊ตญ์–ด ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ๋“ฑ์— ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ์ง€์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ํ•˜์œ„์„œ์—ด ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ 2์ฐจ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋” ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ง๋ฌด ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋“ฑ์„ ์Šต๋“ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ทจ์—…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์œกโ€คํ›ˆ๋ จ์ด๋‚˜ ์ „๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์— ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„๋ฅผ ์ง€์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์œ„์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์œก ๊ฐœ์„ ๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋งˆ๋ จ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์œก ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž์™€ ์ •์ฑ…์ž…์•ˆ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ œ์–ธ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋Œ€ํ•™์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์š”๊ตฌ์— ๋ถ€์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•™๋ฌธ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ผ๋ณ€๋„์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฐ์—…์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์–‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์œก์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์‹ค์—…๊ณผ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์€ ๊ต์–‘๊ต์œก์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์–‘์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‚ฐ์—…์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ธ๋ ฅ ์–‘์„ฑ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ด๋ก  ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ต์œก์— ์น˜์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์ด ํ•™๋ฌธ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ต์œก๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‹ค์šฉ์  ๊ต์œก๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹ค์‹œํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ํ‘œ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ์œ„์„œ์—ด ๋Œ€ํ•™๋„ ํ˜„์žฅ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ•จ์–‘ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ•จ์–‘ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ทจ์—…์ง€์› ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์ทจ์—…์ง€์› ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ์ทจ์—…์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์€ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ทจ์—…์ง€์› ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์ทจ์—…ํ™œ๋™ ์ง€์›์—๋งŒ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘์–ด ๊ตฌ์ง์ž์ธ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ ์š”๊ตฌ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ•จ์–‘์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ทจ์—… ์ง€์› ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ•™์„œ์—ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ง„์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฐ ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ๋Š” ์š”๊ตฌ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚ด์‹คํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์‹ค๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๊ฒธ๋น„๋œ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์œก์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ด ๋‚ด์‹ค ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋Œ€ํ•™์ด ํ˜„์žฅ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์šฐ์ˆ˜์ธ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์–‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์ธ์žฌ๋“ค์€ ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ธฐ์—…์— ์ทจ์—…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์ทจ์—…๋ฅ  ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋ฐ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‚ฐํ•™ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์€ ๊ต๊ณผ๋ชฉ ํŽธ์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋“ฑ์— ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์‹ค๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต์œก์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์ฒด์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์ด ๊ฐ์†Œ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 4 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜ 6 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 7 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 9 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ด๋ก ์  ํ‹€ 9 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ด์ค‘๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ 11 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™์„œ์—ด ๊ฐ„ ์ทจ์—…๊ธฐํšŒ ๋ถ„ํ™” 14 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ ๊ฐ„ ์š”๊ตฌ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์™€ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ฐ„ ๊ต์œก์ค‘์ ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด, ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋Œ€ํ•™์„œ์—ด ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์ฐจ์ด 19 1. ๋ถ„์ ˆ๋œ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ 19 2. ๋Œ€ํ•™์„œ์—ด๋ณ„ ๊ต์œก ์ค‘์  21 3. ๋Œ€ํ•™์„œ์—ด ๊ฐ„ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ฐจ์ด 23 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์„ 26 ์ œ 4์žฅ ๋ถ„์„์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 33 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„์ž๋ฃŒ 33 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 34 1. ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 34 2. ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 35 3. ํ†ต์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 37 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 41 1. ์ดํ•ญ ๋กœ์ง“ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜• 41 2. ํ†ต์ƒ์ตœ์†Œ์ž์Šน๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ํ† ๋น—๋ชจํ˜• 42 3. ๋‹ค์ค‘๋Œ€์ฒด๋ฒ• 43 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 45 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™์„œ์—ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋ฐ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ ์ฐจ์ด 45 1. ๋Œ€ํ•™์„œ์—ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์ฐธ์—ฌ์œจ ์ฐจ์ด 45 2. ๋Œ€ํ•™์„œ์—ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์ฐธ์—ฌ์œจ ์ฐจ์ด 47 3. ๋Œ€ํ•™์„œ์—ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„ ์ฐจ์ด 50 4. ๋Œ€ํ•™์„œ์—ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„ ์ฐจ์ด 52 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™์„œ์—ด์ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์ฐธ์—ฌ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 55 1. ์ฃผ์š”๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„ 55 2. ๋Œ€ํ•™์„œ์—ด์ด ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์ฐธ์—ฌ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 58 3. ๋Œ€ํ•™์„œ์—ด์ด ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์ฐธ์—ฌ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 61 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™์„œ์—ด์ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 67 1. ๋Œ€ํ•™์„œ์—ด์ด ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 67 2. ๋Œ€ํ•™์„œ์—ด์ด ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 70 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ๋…ผ์˜ 77 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™์„œ์—ด๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ •์  ๊ด€๊ณ„ 77 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์„œ์—ด๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 79 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ๊ต์œก์ค‘์ ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ ์ทจ์—…์‚ฌ๊ต์œก 82 ์ œ 7 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 84 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 89 Abstract 99Maste
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