Analysis of Activities and Services of Delivery Room Nurses Based on DACUM Technique

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze various nursing services of delivery room nurses by hospital level,and identify importance and frequency to provide baseline data to establish delivery room nurses`` roles.Methods: Through DACUM analysis technique, service descriptions, duties, and tasks were derived from the literature. A survey was done of 242 nurses from delivery rooms of hospitals, general hospitals, superior general hospitals, and special hospitals. Importance and frequency of each service were measured using a 4point scale,and results were analyzed using SPSS. Results: Nursing services for delivery room nurses consisted of 18 duties and 86 tasks. Duties with the highest importance were ``labor support`` and ``infection management``, and those with lowest importance were ``collaborative care`` and ``communication``. The duty with the highest frequency was ``labor support``, and lowest frequency was ``communication``. There were differences between importance and frequency depending on the size of hospitals. Conclusion: Results of this first study on nursing services of delivery room nurses. delivery room nurses are performing a wide range of nursing services and the various types are clarified including importance and frequency.ope

(A) Study on the interpersonal relationship According to Perceived Social Support and Stress related to interpersonal relations

본 연구는 대학생 집단을 중심으로 대인관계와 관련된 스트레스의 유형과 그 정도를 알아보고, 그러한 스트레스 수준 및 사회적 지지 수준에 따라 대인관계 행동이 어떻게 다른지 알아 보려고 하였다. 또한 구체적으로 사회적 지지와 대인관계 행동이 어떤 관계를 가지고 있는지 알아봄으로서 대인관계에 있어서 사회적 지지가 어떤 효과를 가지고 있는지를 살펴보는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 대상은 서울에 거주하는 남녀 대학생으로 343명 중에서 남자 대학생 117명, 여자 대학생 226명 이었다. 측정도구는 박 지원(1985)의 사회적 지지척도와 김 정희(1987)의 스트레스 측정도구, 김지은(1980)의 대인관계진단척도가 사용되었다. 자료는 t-검증과 Pearson 상관계수를 사용하여 통계처리 하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 남녀대학생 모두 대인관계가 관련된 스트레스는 친구문제에 관한 것이 가장 많은 비율을 차지했고, 그 다음으로 남자 대학생은 선후배문제, 이성문제를, 여자대학생은 가족문제, 이성문제를 보고했다. 2. 성별에 따라 대인관계 스트레스 정도에서 유의미한 차이가 있었고, 종교유무에 따라서는 유의미한 차이가 없었다. 3. 사회적 지지수준에 있어서 성별, 종교유무에 따라 유의미한 차이가 없었다. 4. 대인관계행동에 있어서 성별, 종교유무에 따라 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 5. 사회적 지지 수준 및 대인관련 스트레스 수준에 따라 대인관계행동에서 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 6. 사회적 지지 하위요인과 대인관계 행동유형 간에 상관관계를 구해본 결과, 대인행동유형 중 협동적-과도인습적, 유순적-의존적 행동 차원은 사회적 지지의 모든 하위요인과 정적 상관을 가지며, 반항적-불신적 차원은 물질적 지지를 제외하고 다른 모든 지지 요인들과 부적 상관을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과에 의하면 사회적 지지를 높게 지각할수록 보다 긍정적인 대인관계 행동을 나타낸다고 볼 수 있다. 이러한 연구 결과는 대학생의 대인관계 행동을 이해하는데 있어서 사회적 지지의 역할을 기대할 수 있게 해준다.;The purpose of this study is to examine effects of the interpersonal relationship according to perceived social support and stress related to interpersonal relations. The subject of this study were undergraduate students of 343 in Seoul : 117 male, 226 female. The measurement scales used are Park J.W. (1985)'s Social support scales Kim J.H. (1987)'s stress scale and Kim J.E.'s The criteria in diagnosing Interpersonal relationship. The data has been analyzed by use of the t-test and Pearson correlation coefficients. The results from this research read as follows: 1. In general, undergraduate students of both male and female represent the highest frequency in the interpersonal relation wi th friends. 2. Significant gender difference was found in the levels of stress related to interpersonal relations. But, there were no significant difference between group with religion and group without religion. 3. Ho significant religion, gender difference was found in the levels of social support. 4. Significant religion, gender difference was found in the levels of interpersonal relationship. 5. There were significant interpersonal relationship differences in the levels of social support and the levels of stress related interpersonal relations. 6. The correlations between the sub-scales of perceived social support and dimensions of interpersonal relationships were represented sig-ficant.목차 = ⅳ 논문개요 = ⅵ Ⅰ. 서론 = 1 Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 = 4 A. 대인관계와 관련된 스트레스 = 4 B. 사회적 지지 = 6 C. 대인관계 = 8 Ⅲ. 연구 방법 = 12 A. 연구 대상 = 12 B. 측정 도구 = 13 C. 자료처리 = 16 Ⅳ. 결과 및 해석 = 17 A. 대인관련 스트레스 유형 = 17 b. 사회적 지지 수준 = 19 c. 대인관계 행동의 성별 및 종교유무에 따른 차이 = 20 d. 사회적 지지, 대인관련, 스트레스에 따른 대인관계 행동 = 24 E. 사회적 지지와 대인행동유형 간의 관계 = 27 Ⅴ. 요약 및 논의 = 29 참고문헌 = 34 부록. 질문지 = 38 ABSTRACT = 4

폐기종 여부에 따른 폐 조직 전사체 (transcriptome) 발현 차이

Background Although airway inflammation and oxidative stress are known to be important in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), to date, the precise mechanism of COPD including emphysema is not fully understood. Subjects with COPD can have various differences in phenotype and computed tomography (CT) imaging. Recently, transcriptome studies have identified a means of differentially expressed genes between COPD patients and individuals without the disease suggesting that this could help to discover new genetic mechanisms of COPD. Study Purpose We aimed to explore the molecular pathogenesis of COPD with and without emphysema, using gene expression profiling of lung tissues by RNA sequencing method. Methods Emphysema was diagnosed by CT and airflow limitation was defined as a postbronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio < 0.7 by pulmonary function test. Gene expressions were measured by RNA sequencing method and Pathway analysis was performed by DAIVID. RNA was isolated and processed from lung tissues obtained from 50 subjects with COPD and 61 non-COPD patients. We classified patients to three groups to elucidate differentially expressed genes or pathways related to emphysema or airflow limitation without emphysema : Emphysema COPD, Airway COPD and control group. RNA samples were isolated and processed with RNA-seq using the GiSeq 2000 system. One-way ANOVA test was performed to identify different genes between three groups. For genes with p-value < 0.01 in ANOVA test, tukry HSD post-hoc test was used for multiple group comparison. Results A total of 110 subjects were included in final analysis, all subjects had more than 10 pack years of smoking history and 34 (31%) subjects were current smoker. Emphysema and airflow limitation was noted in 29 (26%) and 50 (45%) subjects respectively. 60 subjects (55%) showed no airflow limitation or visualized emphysema. After filtering for gnenes with zero counts and noncoding genes, 16,676 genes were evaluated. The subjects were classified and analyzed according to the presence of emphysema, or airflow limitation. In Emphysema COPD group, 649 up-regulated and 577 down-regulated genes were differentially expressed compared to control group but not in Airway COPD group. And 318 up-regulated and 116 down-regulated genes were differentially expressed in Airway COPD compared to control but not in Emphysema COPD. Pathway analysis represented by DAVID results showed mitochondrial genes related pathways decreased in expression both Airway and Emphysema COPD group. Response to redox state pathway and cell redox homeostasis pathways also decreased in expression in Emphysema COPD. Response to oxidative stress, DNA repair related pathways showed decreased expression in Airway COPD but not in Emphysema COPD. In Airway COPD compared to control, there were increased in expression of cell part pathways like lamellipodium and cytoskeleton, adherens junction related pathways (cell-cell adherens junction, focal adhesion), cell adhesion related pathways (homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion molecule, focal adhesion), but not in Emphysema COPD. Conclusions Mitochondrial related genes showed a decrease in expression both subtype of COPD. Redox related genes in Emphysema COPD and response to oxidative stress related genes in Airway COPD showed decreased expression respectively. Our study also identified differences and similarities in DEGs and pathway annotation between the two subtypes of COPD. RNA-seq was useful tool to increase understanding of the pathophysiology of COPD.Docto

Drug induced hepatotoxicity of anti-tuberculosis drug and their serum levels

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 의학과 내과학전공, 2011.2. 이재호.Maste

On the ‘point of view’ in Korean: focusing on the ‘visual field’ of ‘-아서/어서’ and ‘-(으)니까’

Language originates with human cognition, and so it is in inseparable relation with the point of view. If the point of view underlies the observation and cognizance of human beings, it should also be reflected in linguistic expressions. However, the point of view has not been explored much in the researches of the Korean language, and the notion hasn't yet risen to the forefront in studying Korean. Thus, this study proposes that the point of view should be used as an important device for the studying Korean. This study has examined how the point of view can be utilized as a useful tool in brevity, and analyzed the point of view reflected in ‘-아서/어서’and ‘(으)니까’specifically. The notion of visual field, which amounts to the range of the point of view, was used for the analysis. As a result, it has been found out that ‘아서/어서’has a narrow visual field, whereas ‘(으)니까’has a wide visual field. The narrow visual field, which means ground of the speaker’ sight, and the wide visual field, which means ground of the sight both speaker and listener. In short, my analysis explained that impoliteness can take place in ‘(으)니까’of a wide visual field a speaker and a listener have in common, whereas imperatives and requests cannot follow ‘아서/어서’ of a speaker’ own narrow visual field