18 research outputs found

    [์ด์Šˆ๋ถ„์„] ๋…์ผ์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ ๋…ธ์‚ฌ์ • ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค

    Get PDF
    โ… . ์„œ๋ก  โ…ก. ๋…์ผ์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒํ›ˆ๋ จ ์ œ๋„ 1. ํ–ฅ์ƒํ›ˆ๋ จ์˜ ๊ฐœ์š” 2. ๋ฒ•์ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ 3. ๋‹ด๋‹น๊ธฐ๊ด€ 4. ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋ฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ์ • 5. ํ–ฅ์ƒํ›ˆ๋ จ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ž๊ฒฉ์ œ๋„ โ…ข. ๋…์ผ์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ์‚ฌ์ • ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค 1. ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋…ธ์‚ฌ์ • ํ˜‘๋ ฅ 2. ์ง€์—ญยท์‚ฐ์—… ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋…ธ์‚ฌ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ 3. ์‚ฌ์—…์žฅ/๊ธฐ์—… ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ณต๋™๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋…ธ์‚ฌ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๊ฐ€. ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ์˜ ์ด‰์ง„ ๋‚˜. ํ›ˆ๋ จ์‹œ์„ค๊ณผ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ์ • ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์—…์žฅ ๋‚ด ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์‹ค์‹œ โ…ฃ. ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  1. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋…ธ์‚ฌ์ • ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค 2. ์–‘๊ตญ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฌ๊ฑด ์ฐจ์ด 3. ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ

    ไฟๅคชๅนณยทๅฎšๅคงๆฅญ์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๅฒ็š„ ่€ƒๅฏŸ : ใ€Žไฟ—ๆจ‚ๆบ่ญœ ใ€ๅท6์— ๊ธฐํ•˜์—ฌ

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์Œ์•…ํ•™๊ณผ ๊ตญ์•…์ด๋ก ์ „๊ณต,2000.Maste

    ์ „๋‹จ ๋ฐ ์Šค์›” ๋™์ถ•ํ˜• ์ธ์ ํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฌดํŠน์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€,2004.Maste

    Inhibitory modulation of membrane excitability by somatostatin in rat spinal dorsal horn neurons

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™์ „๊ณต,2000.Docto

    A Passive Defence for Theory Proliferation of Feyerabend

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ๊ณผํ•™์‚ฌ๋ฐ๊ณผํ•™์ฒ ํ•™์ „๊ณต, 2017. 8. ์กฐ์ธ๋ž˜.์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ํŒŒ์ด์–ด์•„๋ฒคํŠธ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์‹๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ๋“ค์— ์žฌ ๋ฐ˜๋ก ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์‹๋ก ์„ ์˜นํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘˜ ์ ์€ ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ์ด์–ด์•„๋ฒคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜นํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ํŒŒ์ด์–ด์•„๋ฒคํŠธ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ฐฌ๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ํŒŒ์ด์–ด์•„๋ฒคํŠธ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ 2์žฅ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์‹๋ก ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํŒŒ์ด์–ด์•„๋ฒคํŠธ์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ๋“ค์„ ์‚ดํ•€๋‹ค. ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ํŒŒ์ด์–ด์•„๋ฒคํŠธ๋Š” ์ž˜ ์ž…์ฆ๋˜์–ด ๋„๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๋œ ์ด๋ก ์ผ์ง€๋ผ๋„ ์ด์™€ ์–‘๋ฆฝ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ฐฝ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •๊ตํ™” ํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์‹๋ก ์„ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ก ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ๊ทธ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์–‘๋ฆฝ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด๋ก ์˜ ๋„์›€์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ 3์žฅ๊ณผ 4์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ํŒŒ์ด์–ด์•„๋ฒคํŠธ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์‹๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ๋‘ ๋น„ํŒ๋“ค์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์ด์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. 3์žฅ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์‹๋ก ๊ณผ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ๋˜๋Š” ํ† ๋งˆ์Šค ์ฟค์˜ ์ •์ƒ๊ณผํ•™๋ก ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์‹๋ก ๊ณผ ์ •์ƒ๊ณผํ•™๋ก ์€ ์ •์ƒ๊ณผํ•™์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์—ญํ• ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒฌํ•ด์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฟค์€ ์ •์ƒ๊ณผํ•™์ด ๊ณผํ•™ํ˜๋ช…์„ ์ด๋„๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์ •์ƒ๊ณผํ•™์€ ๊ณผํ•™ํ˜๋ช…์— ํ•„์—ฐ์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ํŒŒ์ด์–ด์•„๋ฒคํŠธ๋Š” ์ •์ƒ๊ณผํ•™์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ(๊ณ ์ง‘์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ)๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜๋ช…์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฆ์‹์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก  ์‚ฌ์ด์— ํŒ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ๋ชจ๋ฒ”์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฝ”ํŽ˜๋ฅด๋‹ˆ์ฟ ์Šค ํ˜๋ช…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ญ์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์ฝ”ํŽ˜๋ฅด๋‹ˆ์ฟ ์Šค ํ˜๋ช…๊ณผ์ •์ด ํŒŒ์ด์–ด์–ด๋ฒคํŠธ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์‹๋ก ๊ณผ ๋” ๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. 4์žฅ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์‹๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ผ์šฐ๋“ ์˜ ๋น„ํŒ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์ด์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ผ์šฐ๋“ ์€ ํŒŒ์ด์–ด์•„๋ฒคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๊ฐˆ๋ž˜๋กœ ๋น„ํŒํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ผ์šฐ๋“ ์€ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์„œ๋„ˆ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณผํ•™์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ํŒŒ์ด์–ด์•„๋ฒคํŠธ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๋…ผ์ฆ์— ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๋ผ์šฐ๋“ ์€ ์ด๋ก ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ข…์ข… ๊ทธ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์–‘๋ฆฝ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด๋ก ์˜ ๋„์›€์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ํŒŒ์ด์–ด์•„๋ฒคํŠธ์˜ ๋…ผ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋น„ํŒํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ผ์šฐ๋“ ์€ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด๋ก ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋œ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์ž˜ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„, ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๊ธฐ์กด ์ด๋ก ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์„ ํ•จ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋ก ์˜ ์‹ ๋ด‰์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์ด๋ก ์„ ๊ณ ์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์ธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๊ธฐ์กด์ด๋ก ์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์  ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ•์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ผ์šฐ๋“ ์˜ ๋น„ํŒ์€ ํŒŒ์ด์–ด์•„๋ฒคํŠธ์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์— ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ํŒŒ์ด์–ด์•„๋ฒคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋“  ์„œ๋„ˆ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฒฝ์‹œ๋  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๋ผ์šฐ๋“ ์€ ํŒŒ์ด์–ด์•„๋ฒคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์šฉ์–ด ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ•์„ ์˜คํ•ดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.The aim of this thesis is to defend Feyerabends ideas on theory proliferation by rebutting criticisms of his ideas. One thing to consider is that the aim of this thesis is not to advocate Feyerabend actively. In other words, in this thesis I do not subscribe to Feyerabends thoughts, but claim that criticisms against Feyerabends methodology are ill-founded. In chapter 2, I look over Feyerabends arguments about theory proliferation. With historical cases Feyerabend argues that we may admit theory proliferation: invent, and elaborate, theories which are inconsistent with the accepted point of view, even if the latter should happen to be highly confirmed and generally accepted. That is because the evidence that might refute a theory can often be unearthed only with the help of an incompatible alternative. In chapter 3 and 4, I examine two of the most noticeable criticisms against theory proliferation and then respond to these objections. In chapter 3, I review Kuhns methodology of normal science which is incompatible with Feyerabends methodology of theory proliferation. The biggest difference between them is a view on the functional role of normal science. On the one hand, Kuhn claims that normal science has the functional role of leading to revolutions and thus is necessary presupposition of revolutions. On the other hand, Feyerabend argues that a character normal science, the principle of tenacity, does not enough to make revolutions and the principle of the proliferation of theories should be followed to lead to revolutions. For evaluating these methodologies, I examine historical studies on the exemplary scientific revolution, that is, Copernican revolution. These studies reveal that Feyerabends methodology is much closer to the process of Copernican revolution than that of Kuhns. In chapter 4 I review Laudans criticisms against Feyerabend and then respond to them. Laudan criticizes Feyerabends arguments in two ways. First, Laudan casts doubts on the Feyerabends historical argument based on several historical cases because they are small in number. Second, Laudan criticizes the Feyerabends general idea that the fact that might refute a theory can often be uncovered only with the help of an incompatible alternative. Laudan argues that even if a rival explains the observed phenomenon well, the phenomenon does not entail negation of the theory. That is because adherents of the theory can surely stick to their theory and deny that the decisive fact is a potential falsifier of the theory. However, Laudans criticisms have no effect on Feyerabends arguments. First, Feyerabends several cases are too significant to neglect. And second, Laudan misunderstands the term refutation used by Feyerabend.1. ์„œ๋ก  2. ํŒŒ์ด์–ด์•„๋ฒคํŠธ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์‹๋ก  2.1. ํŒŒ์ด์–ด์•„๋ฒคํŠธ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์‹๋ก ์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 2.2. ํŒŒ์ด์–ด์•„๋ฒคํŠธ์˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ โ€“ ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์‹ 2.2.1. ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ด๋“  ์ข‹๋‹ค 2.2.2. ํŒŒ์ด์–ด์•„๋ฒคํŠธ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์‹๋ก  2.2.3. ํŒŒ์ด์–ด์•„๋ฒคํŠธ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์‹๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ ๋งํ•œ ํ•ด์„ 3. ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์‹๋ก  ๋น„ํŒ์ž (1) - ํ† ๋งˆ์Šค ์ฟค 3.1. ์ •์ƒ๊ณผํ•™๋ก  ๋Œ€ ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์‹๋ก  3.2. ์ •์ƒ๊ณผํ•™์ด ์œ ๋ฐœํ•œ ํ˜๋ช…: ์ฝ”ํŽ˜๋ฅด๋‹ˆ์ฟ ์Šค ํ˜๋ช… 3.3. ์ •์ƒ๊ณผํ•™๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ฐœ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ํ˜๋ช…: ์ฝ”ํŽ˜๋ฅด๋‹ˆ์ฟ ์Šค ํ˜๋ช… 4. ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์‹๋ก  ๋น„ํŒ์ž (2) - ๋ž˜๋ฆฌ ๋ผ์šฐ๋“  4.1. ๋ผ์šฐ๋“ ์˜ ๋น„ํŒ 1: ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์‹๋ก ์˜ ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋น„ํŒ 4.2. ๋น„ํŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์‘ 4.3. ๋ผ์šฐ๋“ ์˜ ๋น„ํŒ 2: ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์‹๋ก  ๋น„ํŒ 4.4. ๋น„ํŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์‘ 5. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—ŒMaste

    Role of trade unions for employment promotion : theories and cases

    No full text
    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ๊ณ ์šฉ์œ„๊ธฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ํ–‰์œ„์ž ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ๋…ธ๋™์กฐํ•ฉ์ด ๊ณ ์šฉํ™•๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ค ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ง€์›์ •์ฑ…์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋™์กฐํ•ฉ ์ž„๊ธˆ์ธ์ƒ์˜ ๊ณ ์šฉํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ก ์  ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์™ธ์— ๋…ธ๋™์กฐํ•ฉ์ด ๊ณ ์šฉํ™•๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ์˜ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ์ถ•์‚ฌ๋ก€์™€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์œ„์Šค์ฝ˜์‹  ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ณ ์ง„๋กœ์ „๋žต์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋…ธ๋™์กฐํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ณ ์šฉํ™•๋Œ€ ์ „๋žต์œผ๋กœ โ‘  ์—ฐ๋Œ€์ž„๊ธˆ์ •์ฑ…, โ‘ก ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ์ถ•, ํŠนํžˆ ์ดˆ๊ณผ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‹จ์ถ•, โ‘ข ์ˆ™๋ จํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ณ ์ง„๋กœ์ „๋žต์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ โ‘  ์ž„๊ธˆ์ธ์ƒ์ •์ฑ…, โ‘ก ๋…ธ๋™๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ถŒ ๋ณด์žฅ, โ‘ข ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ธฐ, โ‘ฃ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋Œ€ํ™”์˜ ์ด‰์ง„์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.This paper aims to investigate the role of trade unions in employment promotion and the relevant policies of government under the recent employment crisis. For this purpose I examined firstly the theories on the employment effect of wage increase by trade unions. Then I investigated three cases that trade unions made efforts to promote employment, i.e. the reduction in legal working time in Korea, the reduction in working time through the spread of part-time jobs in the Netherlands and the high road strategy through skill promotion in Wisconsin, the USA. Based on this theoretical examination and the case studies I suggested as the strategies of trade unions for employment promotion โ‘  solidarity wage policy, โ‘ก reduction in working time, especially in overtime, โ‘ข high-road strategies through skill promotion and as governmentsโ€™policies โ‘  wage increase, โ‘ก guarantee of basic labor rights, โ‘ข job sharing โ‘ฃ encouragement of social dialogue.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  2 โ…ก. ๋…ธ๋™์กฐํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ณ ์šฉํšจ๊ณผ 5 โ…ข. ๋…ธ๋™์กฐํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ณ ์šฉํ™•๋Œ€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 9 โ…ฃ. ๋…ธ๋™์กฐํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ณ ์šฉํ™•๋Œ€ ์ „๋žต 15 โ…ค. ์ •์ฑ… ์ œ์–ธ 19 โ…ฅ. ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ํšจ๊ณผ 23 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 2

    A Study on Transitional Labor Market Theory: Theory and Policy Implications

    No full text
    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ดํ–‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด์™€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ชจ๋ฒ”์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์˜ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์ •์ฑ… ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์ •์ฑ… ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ•œ๊ตญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, ์ œ2์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ดํ–‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์‹ค์—… ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์šฉ์ƒํ™ฉ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณ ์šฉ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ, ์ฆ‰ ๋น„์ •๊ทœ์ง์˜ ์ถ”์ด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•ด์ง„ ๋…ธ๋™๋ ฅ ์ƒํƒœ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ดํ–‰์˜ ์–‘์ƒ๊ณผ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œ3์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ดํ–‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ด์ „์— ์ดํ–‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฐ„๋žตํžˆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด์–ด์„œ ์ดํ–‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…, ์ดํ–‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ƒ์• ๊ณผ์ • ์ด๋ก , ์ดํ•ด๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์œ„ํ—˜์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ์ดํ–‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ๊ณผ ์œ ์—ฐ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ, ์ดํ–‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค, ์‹ค์—…๋ณดํ—˜์˜ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋…ธ๋™๋ณดํ—˜์˜ ๋„์ž… ๋“ฑ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ , ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ–‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œ4์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ดํ–‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋ฒ”์ ์ธ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ต์œกยทํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ ๊ณ ์šฉ ๊ฐ„ ์ดํ–‰์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ •์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ์Šค์œ„์Šค์˜ ์ง์—…๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด, ๊ณ ์šฉํ˜•ํƒœ ๊ฐ„ ์ดํ–‰์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ •์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ๋…์ผ์˜ ๊ทผ๋กœ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์œ ์—ฐํ™”, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทผ๋กœ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณ„์ขŒ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด, ๊ณ ์šฉ๊ณผ ์‹ค์—… ๊ฐ„ ์ดํ–‰์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ •์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ๋…์ผ์˜ ์กฐ์—…๋‹จ์ถ•์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด, ๊ณ ์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ ๊ฐ„ ์ดํ–‰์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ •์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ์Šค์›จ๋ด์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์นœํ™”์  ๋ณต์ง€์ •์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด, ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์šฉ์—์„œ ์€ํ‡ด๋กœ์˜ ์ดํ–‰ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ•€๋ž€๋“œ์˜ โ€˜ํ™œ๊ธฐ์ฐฌ ๋…ธํ™”โ€™ ์ „๋žต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ œ5์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋…ผ์˜๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด๋ก ์  ํ•จ์˜์™€ ์ •์ฑ…์  ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.Flexibility in today's labour market is frequently causing transitions of the labour force. In most cases, these transitions accompany status deterioration of the labour force in the labour market. It inevitably leads to a resistance against the transition itself, which constrains the flexibilization of the labour market. Therefore, flexibilization of labour market needs to take place while managing social risks that emerge in the transition process and providing security in the labor market. In other words, balance of flexibility and security (flexicurity) is important in the labour market. The theory of transitional labour markets (TLM) which has been developed since the mid-1990s in Europe maintains from this point of view that flexicurity during the whole life-course of a individual should be achieved through the management of the social risks which occur in the transition processes in the labour market. According to the theory, the five main types of the labour market transitions are 1) transitions between education/training and employment, 2) transitions between various employment relations, 3) transitions between (unpaid) private or family-based activities and employment, 4) transitions between unemployment and employment, and 5) transitions between disability/retirement and employment. The TLM theory defines transitional labour markets as the institutional arrangements that promote the smoothy transitions through the management of the social risks intrinsic to these transition processes and insists on the achievement of flexicurity through the TLMs. Recently the interest in this theory is increasing also in Korea, but the understanding of the theory itself is not yet enough. Therefore, this study primarily aimed at the right understanding of the theory, and rearranged the theoretical system of TLMs that includes the following elements: definition of the concept, life-course perspektive as the methodology, social risk management through TLMs, TLMs and flexicurity, labour insurance and governance of TLMs. This study also reviewed five labour market policies and social policies in the European countries which the TLM theory appreciates as the โ€œgood practicesโ€: the vocational education and training system in Switzerland, the work time accounts in Germany, the short-time work in Germany, the family-friendly welfare policy in Sweden and the active aging policy (FINPAW) in Finland. From the review of these policies some policy implications for Korea were derived.์š” ์•ฝ ์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์  3 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  7 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ 10 ์ œ2์žฅ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ณ€ํ™” 11 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ์‹ค์—…๊ณผ ๊ณ ์šฉ 14 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋น„์ •๊ทœ ๊ณ ์šฉ์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€ 18 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ ์ดํ–‰์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 23 ์ œ3์žฅ ์ดํ–‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์ฒด๊ณ„ 31 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ดํ–‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ์ • 33 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ดํ–‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 41 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์ดํ–‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก  ์ƒ์• ๊ณผ์ • ์ด๋ก  49 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์ดํ–‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์œ„ํ—˜๊ด€๋ฆฌ 54 ์ œ5์ ˆ ์ดํ–‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ๊ณผ ์œ ์—ฐ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ 71 ์ œ6์ ˆ ์‹ค์—…๋ณดํ—˜์—์„œ ๋…ธ๋™๋ณดํ—˜์œผ๋กœ 81 ์ œ7์ ˆ ์ดํ–‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค 89 ์ œ8์ ˆ ์ดํ–‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ๊ณผ์ œ 100 ์ œ4์žฅ ์ดํ–‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…๋Œ€์•ˆ: ๋ชจ๋ฒ” ์ •์ฑ…์‚ฌ๋ก€ 105 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ข‹์€ ์ดํ–‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€ 108 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๊ต์œก ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ ๊ณ ์šฉ ๊ฐ„ ์ดํ–‰์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ 112 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๊ณ ์šฉํ˜•ํƒœ ๊ฐ„ ์ดํ–‰์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ 128 ์ œ4์ ˆ ๊ณ ์šฉ๊ณผ ์‹ค์—… ๊ฐ„ ์ดํ–‰์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ 145 ์ œ5์ ˆ ๊ณ ์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ ๊ฐ„ ์ดํ–‰์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ 161 ์ œ6์ ˆ ๊ณ ์šฉ์—์„œ ์€ํ‡ด๋กœ์˜ ์ดํ–‰ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ 178 ์ œ5์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ํ•จ์˜์™€ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ์ œ 195 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ด๋ก ์  ํ•จ์˜ 197 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ์ œ 202 SUMMARY 207 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 20

    [ํ˜„์žฅ๋™ํ–ฅ] ํ˜„์žฅ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๋Š”โ€˜e-HRD ์†Œ์‹์ง€โ€™

    No full text
    1. ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ง 2. ํ˜„์žฅ์ค‘์‹ฌ์  e-Learning ์ „๋ฌธ์ง€ 'e-HRD ์†Œ์‹์ง€' 3. ๋งบ์Œ

    Research on the Flexicurity of Europe-Basic Research to Examine the Direction of Future Vocational Training Policy

    No full text
    โ—‹ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์  ์ฒซ์งธ, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋ฐœ์ „๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์—ฐ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทธ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์œ ์—ฐ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์  ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์œ ์—ฐ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์œ ์—ฐ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์  ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฆ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง์—… ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์œ ์—ฐ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ์ดํ•ด์™€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. โ—‹ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋จผ์ € ์ œ 2์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์—ฐ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ์™€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—ฐํ•ฉ ์˜ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ์ •์˜์™€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ ๋ฐ ์ƒํ˜ธ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์œ ์—ฐ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์  ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฆ๋Œ€ ๋น„์ •๊ทœ ๋…ธ๋™์ž ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฐ ์ดํ–‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์› ๋“ฑ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์—ฐ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œ 3์žฅ์€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ์œ ์—ฐ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋ก ๋˜๋Š” ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ์™€ ๋ด๋งˆํฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ ์œ ์—ฐ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œ4์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์—ฐ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์  ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฆ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ •์ฑ…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•œ๋‹ค ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋จผ์ €, ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฆ๋Œ€์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ทจ์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ์™€ ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ํ‰์ƒํ•™์Šต์ด ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๊ณ ์šฉ์ „๋žต ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์™”๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ , ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰์ƒํ•™์Šต์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ •์ฑ…์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‹œํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ œ5์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์ •์ฑ… ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋Œ€ํ™”์˜ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ์ฃผ๋Š” ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ •์ฑ…์ œ์•ˆ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.1. Summary of Research Since the financial crisis in 1998, atypical workers have rapidly increased in number due to increasing flexibility in the labor market. However, these workers haven't been protected by the labor laws or social laws. They have been, economically and socially, very unstable. Because the social and political uncertainty factors have increased as well as individual dissatisfaction, there is a need to improve security in the labor market at the same time. Since the mid 1990's, some European companies have executed 'flexicurity' to satisfy both requests at the same time. Recently, Korea has attempted to recognize this problem little by little. Accordingly, this research was designed to investigate the concept of 'flexicurity' by reviewing discussions from Europe where the concept of 'flexicurity' originated, and to identify the concrete process of the flexicurity policy by looking into cases of representative countries which have achieved flexicurity. Further, the core method which achieves flexicurity is to increase functional flexicurity. For it, how a vocational training policy had to be executed was examined. Through the review, the available implications for Korea were derived and some political suggestions were recommended in terms of the labor market policy, the vocational training policy and social dialogue. 2. Result of Research A. Understanding on the Concept of Flexicurity and Its Achievements The concept of โ€˜flexicurityโ€™ originated in the legislation process of ใ€ŒFlexibility and Security Actใ€ in the Netherlands in the mid 1990's. Then, the European Union (EU) gradually stressed 'a right balance between flexibility and security' in the employment guidelines which have been given to the EU member countries according to 'the European Employment Strategy' started in 1998. Flexicurity is in general defined as "a policy strategy that attempts to enhance the flexibility of labor markets, work organization and labor relation on the one hand, and to enhance security (employment security and social security) notably for weaker groups in and outside the labor market on the other hand". However, the flexibility means the internal-quantitative flexibility (working hours), external-quantitative flexibility, functional flexibility, and wage flexibility. The word security has various meanings in regards to job security, employment security, income security, and combination security. Hence, flexicurity can be achieved in various forms according to the way those factors are combined. As the major achievements of flexicurity, it is important to pursue job security through improving the internal (functional and working hours) flexibility for full time workers. Also, we need to identify the protective plans through anti-discrimination against fixed term or temporary agency workers, fraud prevention, and an effort to make full time or permanent workers. Besides, labor force moves actively between the state of employment and that of unemployment in the flexible labor market (transitional labor market). Flexibility and security can be synchronically improved with of promotion of th transition in labor market. However, flexicurity can be smoothly achieved only through compromise with conflicting parties. For it, there needs to make a concession and adjustment between mutual parties by extending the scope of the dialogue and negotiations. Also, 'the coordinated decentralization' strategy must be considered together to reflect requests of various fields. B. Case Study of the Flexicurity Policy The representative countries that have achieved flexicurity are the Netherlands and Denmark. The Netherlands typically has the representative Corporatism model to conduct the policy by mutual consent between the social partners. The Wassenaar Accord in 1982 and the New Course Agreement in 1993 became the important groundwork for overcoming the economic troubles of the late 1980's. In this process, the Netherlands improved the flexibility of labor market through expanding the part time work force. Recently the total number of temporary workers have exceeded 40%. However, the government of the Netherlands has gradually guaranteed the same rights for the part time workers as full time workers. By doing so it has strengthened the security of the labor market. Now these part time workers are not the weaker group in the labor market. Also, it has relieved the protection of full time workers through ใ€ŒFlexibility and security Act ใ€to some extent in the late 1990's. On the other hand, the government has implemented flexicurity by strengthening the security of 'flex-worker' who is temporary workers. Social security has also played an important role. But, the Netherlands has focused on the balance of the flexibility and security in the labor market. On the other hand, Denmark doesn't have the employment protection. Thus, it has a flexible labor market where labor force movement is very active. However, Denmark has achieved security through very generous social security whereby unemployment benefits reach 90% of wages. In particular, it has strengthened the active labor market policy to improve worker's employability through the labor market reform in 1994. It classified the period of getting unemployment benefits into a passive period and activation period. Then, it enabled workers to participate in the vocational training compulsorily during the activation period. It has also adopted job rotation policy to appoint the unemployed to a post emptied because of the paid leave arrangements for childcare, education and sabbatical leave. These policies were enforced based on the mutual agreement between the social partners and government. Thus, the model of Denmark shows the high flexibility in the labor market, generous social security, and active labor market policy. This Danish model is characterized by 'a golden triangle of flexicurity'. C. Flexicurity and Vocational Training Policy The core achievement measure of flexicurity is to improve functional flexibility. For it, an improvement of skills is needed. Also, the vocational capability of individual is required to obtain employment security in the flexible labor market. The improvement of 'Employability' becomes a key point to the achievement of flexicurity. For it, individuals must receive lifelong learning through their working life. Accordingly, the vocational training policy must focus on the promotion of lifelong learning. To that end, EU has suggested six strategic missions; a partnership creation, a consideration on educational demand, easy approach to educational opportunity, creation of learning culture, efforts for excellency, and an acquisition of proper resources. 3. Policy Suggestions To achieve flexicurity in the Korean labor market the labor market policy has to focus on the improvement of internal flexibility (functional and working hours flexibility), because flexibility of the Korean labor market mainly has the form of the external-quantitative flexibility. For atypical workers who have largely increased in number, the protection through anti-discrimination and misuse prevention will have to be strengthened. Also, the range of the insured of the employment insurance should be widened, and the active labor market policies such as the employment stability project and the vocational training will need to be given full consideration and actively employed. In a concrete way, the vocational training policy will have to focus on the promotion of the individual worker's lifelong learning. The range of workers group which gets subsidies for educational purposes from the employment insurance must be widened. Also, utilization of leave program for vocational education must be actively considered to obtain the time for job training. To reflect the understanding of the related parties exactly and to rapidly respond to changing environment, the cooperation system (partnership) between parties needs to be strengthened. In particular, the publicity, consultation, and education for the lifelong learning must be reinforced for the actual participation workers who are the direct beneficiary of vocational training. To promote social dialogue and consent, which is the prerequisite to achieve flexicurity, a culture of voluntary discussion between the social partners must be promoted by section and region, not through central government initiative, the one that has been now deadlocked. Also, the current government-led management must be sublated in the management of the social insurance which is the core social safety network. The participation of workers and the general public would be of great help to facilitate serious dialogue among all players in the society.์š” ์•ฝ ์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  3 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ 3 ์ œ2์žฅ ์œ ์—ฐ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ์ดํ•ด์™€ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์ œ1์ ˆ ์œ ์—ฐ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „ 5 1. ์œ ์—ฐ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ์  ๊ธฐ์› 5 2. EU ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์œ ์—ฐ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „ 10 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์œ ์—ฐ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ํŠน์„ฑ 16 1. ์œ ์—ฐ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ์ •์˜ 16 2. ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ 19 3. ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ๊ด€๊ณ„ 21 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์œ ์—ฐ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 23 1. ๋‚ด๋ถ€์  ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฆ๋Œ€ 24 2. ๋น„์ •๊ทœ ๋…ธ๋™์ž์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ 26 3. ์ดํ–‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์› 33 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์œ ์—ฐ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด 37 1. ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋Œ€ํ™”์™€ ์ƒํ˜ธ์‹ ๋ขฐ 38 2. ํ˜‘์ƒ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€ 39 3. ์กฐ์ •๋œ ๋ถ„๊ถŒํ™” 39 4. ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ฐ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์ƒํ™ฉ 40 ์ œ3์žฅ ์œ ์—ฐ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ œ1์ ˆ ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ 45 1. ์„œ๋ก  45 2. ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ ํ•ฉ์˜์ฃผ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ 46 3. ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์œ ์—ฐ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ 53 4. ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์œ ์—ฐ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ 68 5. ์„ฑ๊ณต๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๋™์š”์™€ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  79 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋ด๋งˆํฌ 82 1. 90๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„ ๊ฒฝ์ œใ†๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ ์ƒํ™ฉ 82 2. ๋ด๋งˆํฌ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 84 3. ๋ด๋งˆํฌ์˜ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ฒด์ œ 95 4. ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์‹ญ - ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ ํ•ฉ์˜๋ชจ๋ธ 101 5. ๋ด๋งˆํฌ์˜ ์œ ์—ฐ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ - โ€œํ™ฉ๊ธˆ์‚ผ๊ฐํ˜•โ€ 105 ์ œ4์žฅ ์œ ์—ฐ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ •์ฑ… ์ œ1์ ˆ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณ ์šฉ์ „๋žต๊ณผ ์ทจ์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ํ‰์ƒํ•™์Šต 107 1. ์œ ์—ฐ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ทจ์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ํ‰์ƒํ•™์Šต 107 2. ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณ ์šฉ์ง€์นจ๊ณผ ์ทจ์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ํ‰์ƒํ•™์Šต 108 ์ œ2์ ˆ ํ‰์ƒํ•™์Šต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ฒด์ œ 110 1. ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์‹ญ ํ˜•์„ฑ 111 2. ํ•™์Šต์ˆ˜์š”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต์ฐฐ 112 3. ํ•™์Šต๊ธฐํšŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฉ์ดํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ 113 4. ํ•™์Šต๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ์ฐฝ์ถœ 114 5. ์ˆ˜์›”์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ 114 6. ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ž์›์˜ ํ™•๋ณด 115 ์ œ5์žฅ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  ๋ฐ ์ •์ฑ…์ œ์•ˆ ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ ์šฉ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 119 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 121 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 123 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋Œ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 126 SUMMARY 129 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 13

    The Structure and Characteristics of Vocational Training Market(โ… ): Analysis โ…  of the Financing of Vocational Training in Korea

    No full text
    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ์žฌ์ •์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ์˜ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ณ„ ์žฌ์ •์ง€์›ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์—…๋ณ„, ๊ธฐ์—…๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ณ„, ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„, ๊ทผ๋กœ์žํŠน์„ฑ๋ณ„๋กœ ์žฌ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์žฌ์ •์˜ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ์žฌ์ • ์šด์šฉ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑํšจ๊ณผ, ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž์˜ ๊ณ ์šฉ ๋ฐ ์ž„๊ธˆํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๊ฐ ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์ ์ธ ์žฌ์ •๋ฐฐ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ›ˆ๋ จํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ์—ญ์ ์„ ๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. โ—‹ ์ฃผ์š”๋‚ด์šฉ - ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์žฌ์ •ํ˜„ํ™ฉ - ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ์žฌ์ •์˜ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„๊ตฌ์กฐ - ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ์žฌ์ • ์šด์šฉ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ถ„์„1. Overview This study aims to analyze the financing of vocational training in Korea. This study focuses on grasping the equity of the vocational training market by studying how financial resources for vocational training are distributed according to various factors such as industrial sector, firm size, region and characteristics of workers. This study will also focus on the effects of investment in vocational training on increases in productivity, employment and wage. 2. The structure of the distribution of vocational training financing According to the analysis of the data on vocational training in 2004, the following results were observed: By industrial sector, manufacturing, electricity, gas, water supply, financial, real estate. insurance, transport. storage, and communication sectors received relatively high financial support for vocational training considering the weight of financial support, number of businesses, number of employment insurance policy holders, and the amount of employment insurance premium paid. In terms of firm size, larger firms tended to receive more financial support for vocational training, especially firms with more than 1,000 workers. By region Seoul received far more support compared to other regions, and Kyunggi-Do also received high financial support. Therefore financial support was concentrated on the Capital region. This is partly because a high number of firms are located in the Capital region, but data shows that this region received relatively high support for employer training and employee training compared to the number of firms and number of policy holders. However, the Capital region received too little support for unemployment training considering the number of unemployed people in the region. The Jeju and Kangwon regions were least supported in all areas of vocational training. In terms of employee characteristics, male workers received more support for vocational training than female workers. However, taking into account the number of policy holders, male workers received too little support. By age, most support was given to workers in their twenties and thirties, and this age group received excessive support considering the number of policy holders. By education level high school graduates and university graduates received the most support. Taking into account the number of policy holders however, those with less than high school degrees were undersupported while those with higher education levels received excessive support. In the case of vocational training for the unemployed, males received more support than females in total amount, but the former was less supported than the latter when taking into account their proportion among the unemployed population. By age group, most support was given to those in their twenties and the thirties, which has a high proportion of unemployed people. By education level, high school graduates were most supported, which corresponded to their proportion in the total unemployed population. The policy implications of the above analysis are as follows: First, in order to cope with the imbalance between industrial sectors, a strategy to promote joint vocational training at the industry level is necessary. By promoting vocational training at the industry level, firms in industries with weak vocational training can collectively seek solutions for the problem and ultimately stimulate vocational training in the industry. Currently ten Sectoral Human Resources Development Councils (SHRDC) are in operation, and nine of them belong to manufacturing industries with the exception of that of the e-biz industry. Therefore the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy and the Ministry of Labor which support the SHRDCs should make an effort to aid the establishment of SHRDCs in other industrial sectors with weak vocational training. Secondly, support for vocational training is overly concentrated on large firms. To solve this inequity, vocational training policy should focus more on supporting vocational training in small and midium-sized firms with inferior facility, equipment, and manpower. For example invigorating vocational training consortium projects of SMEs and training programs for SME CEOs and vocational training personnel will serve to stimulate vocational training in SMEs. Thirdly, in order to solve the inequity of distribution of vocational training support among regions, more autonomy and rights in vocational training policy and more financial support should be given to each region. Through that the interest of stake-holders in regions could be reflected more precisely, which will stimulate vocational training in regions outside of the Capital area. Lastly, in order to fairly distribute vocational training support to everyone, it is important to assess the training needs of workers and to develop suitable training programs. Especially the development of training programmes for people in their the forties and above and persons with low education levels is very important. 3. Effects and Implications of Vocational Training Financing This study evaluated the effectiveness of vocational training in terms of productivity, employment and wage. Internal data of various firms were used to analyze the effects of vocational training expenses on productivity, and effects of employment and wage were analyzed by utilizing data from the HRD-Net and Employment Insurance database. The results of this study indicate that vocational training expense has weak positive effects on productivity. significantly positive effects on employment, and statistically no positive effect on wage. The above results also imply that vocational training market may be malfunctioning in some parts. That is, higher vocational training expense does not result in higher wage. It may be related to the fact that there are industries in which wage is not affected by the labor supply and demand. An example is 3D industries where wages are pretty low in spite of their labor shortage. This is why government should make an active intervention in vocational training. The results also imply that we need to investigate more carefully the effects of vocational training on skills. As above-mentioned, vocational training has a weak positive effect on productivity, which is not sufficient to motivate firms to invest in vocational training. Vocational training expense does not have a positive effect on wage, which may be implying that public vocational training is not positively appraised by the market. The last implication of this study is that the need for public vocational training is increasing as the labor market becomes more flexible. More vocational training need to be provided especially to people in their 20's and 50's, the low-educated, and the high-educated with low skill-job match. Since there is high social demand for vocational training for them and it has positive effects on both employment and wage, providing public vocational training could bring positive social effects.์š” ์•ฝ ์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 2 ์ œ2์žฅ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์žฌ์ •ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ ์žฌ์ •ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 5 1. ๋…ธ๋™๋ถ€ ์ง€์› ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ์˜ ์žฌ์ •ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 5 2. ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์ •๋ถ€๋ถ€์ฒ˜์˜ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ ์ง€์› 41 3. ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ ์ง€์› 43 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ์žฌ์ • ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 44 1. ๊ธฐ์—… ์ž์ฒด ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋น„์šฉ 44 2. ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋น„์šฉ 47 ์ œ3์žฅ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ์žฌ์ •์˜ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ์žฌ์ •์˜ ์‚ฐ์—…๋ณ„ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„๊ตฌ์กฐ 49 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ์žฌ์ •์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ณ„ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„๊ตฌ์กฐ 51 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ์žฌ์ •์˜ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„๊ตฌ์กฐ 53 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ์žฌ์ •์˜ ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž ํŠน์„ฑ๋ณ„ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„๊ตฌ์กฐ 56 ์ œ4์žฅ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ์žฌ์ • ์šด์šฉ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ธฐ์—… ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ์˜ ๋…ธ๋™์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ํšจ๊ณผ 61 1. ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ œ๊ธฐ 61 2. ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ชจํ˜• 64 3. ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„ 67 4. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 72 5. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์š”์•ฝ 79 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ์˜ ์ทจ์—… ๋ฐ ์ž„๊ธˆ ํšจ๊ณผ: ์‹ค์—…์žํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ 80 1. ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ œ๊ธฐ 80 2. ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ชจํ˜• 81 3. ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„ 84 4. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 88 5. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์š”์•ฝ 99 ์ œ5์žฅ ์š”์•ฝ๊ณผ ํ•จ์˜ SUMMARY 107 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 11
    corecore