18 research outputs found
[์ด์๋ถ์] ๋ ์ผ์ ํฅ์ํ๋ จ๊ณผ ๋ ธ์ฌ์ ํ๋ ฅ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ๋์ค
โ
. ์๋ก
โ
ก. ๋
์ผ์ ํฅ์ํ๋ จ ์ ๋
1. ํฅ์ํ๋ จ์ ๊ฐ์
2. ๋ฒ์ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ
3. ๋ด๋น๊ธฐ๊ด
4. ํ๋ จ๊ธฐ๊ด ๋ฐ ํ๋ จ๊ณผ์
5. ํฅ์ํ๋ จ ๊ด๋ จ ์๊ฒฉ์ ๋
โ
ข. ๋
์ผ์ ํฅ์ํ๋ จ์ ์ํ ๋
ธ์ฌ์ ํ๋ ฅ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ๋์ค
1. ์ฐ๋ฐฉ ์์ค์ ๋
ธ์ฌ์ ํ๋ ฅ
2. ์ง์ญยท์ฐ์
์์ค์ ๋
ธ์ฌ ํ๋ ฅ
3. ์ฌ์
์ฅ/๊ธฐ์
์์ค์ ๊ณต๋๊ฒฐ์ ์ ํตํ ๋
ธ์ฌ ํ๋ ฅ
๊ฐ. ์ง์
ํ๋ จ์ ์ด์ง
๋. ํ๋ จ์์ค๊ณผ ํ๋ จ๊ณผ์
๋ค. ์ฌ์
์ฅ ๋ด ํ๋ จ๊ณผ์ ์ ์ค์
โ
ฃ. ์ ์ฑ
์ ์์ฌ์
1. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ์ ์ง์
ํ๋ จ ๊ด๋ จ ๋
ธ์ฌ์ ํ๋ ฅ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ๋์ค
2. ์๊ตญ์ ํน์ฑ๊ณผ ์ฌ๊ฑด ์ฐจ์ด
3. ์ ์ฑ
์ ์์ฌ
ไฟๅคชๅนณยทๅฎๅคงๆฅญ์ ๋ฆฌ๋ฌ๋ณํ์ ๋ํ ๅฒ็ ่ๅฏ : ใไฟๆจๆบ่ญ ใๅท6์ ๊ธฐํ์ฌ
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ(์์ฌ)--์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ :์์
ํ๊ณผ ๊ตญ์
์ด๋ก ์ ๊ณต,2000.Maste
์ ๋จ ๋ฐ ์ค์ ๋์ถํ ์ธ์ ํฐ์ ๋ถ๋ฌดํน์ฑ์ ๊ดํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ(์์ฌ)--์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ :๊ธฐ๊ณํญ๊ณต๊ณตํ๋ถ,2004.Maste
Inhibitory modulation of membrane excitability by somatostatin in rat spinal dorsal horn neurons
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ์ฌ)--์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ :์ํ๊ณผ ์๋ฆฌํ์ ๊ณต,2000.Docto
A Passive Defence for Theory Proliferation of Feyerabend
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ (์์ฌ)-- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ ์์ฐ๊ณผํ๋ํ ํ๋๊ณผ์ ๊ณผํ์ฌ๋ฐ๊ณผํ์ฒ ํ์ ๊ณต, 2017. 8. ์กฐ์ธ๋.์ด ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์ ๋ชฉํ๋ ํ์ด์ด์๋ฒคํธ์ ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์๋ก ์ ๋ํ ๋นํ๋ค์ ์ฌ ๋ฐ๋ก ํจ์ผ๋ก์จ ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์๋ก ์ ์นํธํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ํ ๊ฐ์ง ์ผ๋์ ๋ ์ ์ ์ด ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์ ๋ชฉํ๊ฐ ํ์ด์ด์๋ฒคํธ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ผ๋ก ์นํธํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์๋๋ผ๋ ์ ์ด๋ค. ๋๋ ํ์ด์ด์๋ฒคํธ์ ์๊ฐ์ ์ฐฌ๋ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์๋๋ผ, ํ์ด์ด์๋ฒคํธ์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ๋ก ์ ๋ํ ๋นํ๋ค์ด ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ ์๋ ๊ฒ์์ ์ฃผ์ฅํ๋ค.
๋ณธ ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์ 2์ฅ์์ ๋๋ ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์๋ก ์ ๊ดํ ํ์ด์ด์๋ฒคํธ์ ์ฃผ์ฅ๋ค์ ์ดํ๋ค. ์ญ์ฌ์ ์ฌ๋ก๋ค์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ํ์ด์ด์๋ฒคํธ๋ ์ ์
์ฆ๋์ด ๋๋ฆฌ ์์ฉ๋ ์ด๋ก ์ผ์ง๋ผ๋ ์ด์ ์๋ฆฝ๋ถ๊ฐ๋ฅํ ๋์์ด๋ก ์ ์ฐฝ์ํ๊ณ ์ ๊ตํ ํ๋ผ๋ ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์๋ก ์ ํ์ฉํ ๊ฒ์ ์ฃผ์ฅํ๋ค. ์ด๋ก ์ ๋ฐ๋ฐํ ์ ์๋ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ ์ข
์ข
๊ทธ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์๋ฆฝ๋ถ๊ฐ๋ฅํ ๋์์ด๋ก ์ ๋์์ผ๋ก ๋ฐํ์ง๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ด๋ค.
๋ณธ ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์ 3์ฅ๊ณผ 4์ฅ์์๋ ํ์ด์ด์๋ฒคํธ์ ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์๋ก ์ ๋ํด ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ ๋งํ ๋ ๋นํ๋ค์ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ณ ์ด์ ๋์ํ๋ค. 3์ฅ์์ ๋๋ ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์๋ก ๊ณผ ๋๋ฆฝ๋๋ ํ ๋ง์ค ์ฟค์ ์ ์๊ณผํ๋ก ์ ๋ค๋ฃฌ๋ค. ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์๋ก ๊ณผ ์ ์๊ณผํ๋ก ์ ์ ์๊ณผํ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ์ญํ ์ ๊ดํ ๊ฒฌํด์์ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ ์๋ค. ์ฟค์ ์ ์๊ณผํ์ด ๊ณผํํ๋ช
์ ์ด๋๋ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ์ญํ ์ ํ๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์, ์ ์๊ณผํ์ ๊ณผํํ๋ช
์ ํ์ฐ์ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋งํ๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ฉด ํ์ด์ด์๋ฒคํธ๋ ์ ์๊ณผํ์ ํน์ฑ(๊ณ ์ง์ ์๋ฆฌ)๋ง์ผ๋ก ํ๋ช
์ ๋ง๋๋๋ฐ ์ถฉ๋ถํ์ง ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฆ์์ ์๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ๊ทธ์ ํจ๊ป ์ํ๋์ด์ผ ํ๋ค๊ณ ๋งํ๋ค. ๋ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ๋ก ์ฌ์ด์ ํ์ ์ ๋ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋๋ ๊ณผํํ๋ช
์ ๋ชจ๋ฒ์ ์ธ ์ฌ๋ก๋ผ๊ณ ํ ์ ์๋ ์ฝํ๋ฅด๋์ฟ ์ค ํ๋ช
์ ๊ดํ ์ญ์ฌ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ค์ ์ดํด๋ณธ๋ค. ์ด ์ญ์ฌ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ค์ ์ฝํ๋ฅด๋์ฟ ์ค ํ๋ช
๊ณผ์ ์ด ํ์ด์ด์ด๋ฒคํธ์ ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์๋ก ๊ณผ ๋ ๊ฐ๊น๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ณด์ฌ์ค๋ค.
4์ฅ์์ ๋๋ ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์๋ก ์ ๋ํ ๋ผ์ฐ๋ ์ ๋นํ์ ๋ค๋ฃจ๊ณ ์ด์ ๋์ํ๋ค. ๋ผ์ฐ๋ ์ ํ์ด์ด์๋ฒคํธ๋ฅผ ๋ ๊ฐ๋๋ก ๋นํํ๋ค. ๋ผ์ฐ๋ ์ ์ฒซ ๋ฒ์งธ๋ก ์ ์๋ ์ฌ๋ก์ ์๊ฐ ์ ๋ค๋ ์ ์์ ์๋ ๊ฐ์ง ๊ณผํ์ฌ ์ฌ๋ก์ ๊ธฐ๋ฐํ ํ์ด์ด์๋ฒคํธ์ ์ญ์ฌ์ ๋
ผ์ฆ์ ์๋ฌธ์ ์ ๊ธฐํ๋ค. ๋ ๋ฒ์งธ๋ก ๋ผ์ฐ๋ ์ ์ด๋ก ์ ๋ฐ๋ฐํ ์ ์๋ ์ฌ์ค์ ์ข
์ข
๊ทธ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์๋ฆฝ๋ถ๊ฐ๋ฅํ ๋์์ด๋ก ์ ๋์์ผ๋ก ๋ฐํ์ง๋ค๋ ํ์ด์ด์๋ฒคํธ์ ๋
ผ์ง๋ฅผ ๋นํํ๋ค. ๋ผ์ฐ๋ ์ ๋์์ด๋ก ์ด ๊ด์ฐฐ๋ ํ์์ ์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์ ์ค๋ช
ํ๋ค๊ณ ํด๋, ๊ทธ ์ฌ์ค์ด ๊ธฐ์กด ์ด๋ก ์ ๋ถ์ ์ ํจ์ถํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ์๋๋ผ๊ณ ์ฃผ์ฅํ๋ค. ์๋ํ๋ฉด ์ด๋ก ์ ์ ๋ด์๋ค์ ๊ธฐ์กด์ด๋ก ์ ๊ณ ์ํ ์ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ์ ์ ์ธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ ์ด ๊ธฐ์กด์ด๋ก ์ ์ ์ฌ์ ๋ฐ๋ฐ์๋ผ๋ ๊ฒ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ถํ ๊ฒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ด๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ๋ผ์ฐ๋ ์ ๋นํ์ ํ์ด์ด์๋ฒคํธ์ ์ฃผ์ฅ์ ํด๋ฅผ ๊ฐํ์ง ๋ชปํ๋ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒ์งธ๋ก ํ์ด์ด์๋ฒคํธ๊ฐ ๋ ์๋ ๊ฐ์ง ์ญ์ฌ์ ์ฌ๋ก๋ ๊ณผํ์์ ๋งค์ฐ ์ค์ํ ์ฌ๋ก์ด๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ๊ฒฝ์๋ ์๋ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ ๋ฒ์งธ๋ก ๋ผ์ฐ๋ ์ ํ์ด์ด์๋ฒคํธ๊ฐ ์ฌ์ฉํ ์ฉ์ด ๋ฐ๋ฐ์ ์คํดํ์๋ค.The aim of this thesis is to defend Feyerabends ideas on theory proliferation by rebutting criticisms of his ideas. One thing to consider is that the aim of this thesis is not to advocate Feyerabend actively. In other words, in this thesis I do not subscribe to Feyerabends thoughts, but claim that criticisms against Feyerabends methodology are ill-founded.
In chapter 2, I look over Feyerabends arguments about theory proliferation. With historical cases Feyerabend argues that we may admit theory proliferation: invent, and elaborate, theories which are inconsistent with the accepted point of view, even if the latter should happen to be highly confirmed and generally accepted. That is because the evidence that might refute a theory can often be unearthed only with the help of an incompatible alternative.
In chapter 3 and 4, I examine two of the most noticeable criticisms against theory proliferation and then respond to these objections. In chapter 3, I review Kuhns methodology of normal science which is incompatible with Feyerabends methodology of theory proliferation. The biggest difference between them is a view on the functional role of normal science. On the one hand, Kuhn claims that normal science has the functional role of leading to revolutions and thus is necessary presupposition of revolutions. On the other hand, Feyerabend argues that a character normal science, the principle of tenacity, does not enough to make revolutions and the principle of the proliferation of theories should be followed to lead to revolutions. For evaluating these methodologies, I examine historical studies on the exemplary scientific revolution, that is, Copernican revolution. These studies reveal that Feyerabends methodology is much closer to the process of Copernican revolution than that of Kuhns.
In chapter 4 I review Laudans criticisms against Feyerabend and then respond to them. Laudan criticizes Feyerabends arguments in two ways. First, Laudan casts doubts on the Feyerabends historical argument based on several historical cases because they are small in number. Second, Laudan criticizes the Feyerabends general idea that the fact that might refute a theory can often be uncovered only with the help of an incompatible alternative. Laudan argues that even if a rival explains the observed phenomenon well, the phenomenon does not entail negation of the theory. That is because adherents of the theory can surely stick to their theory and deny that the decisive fact is a potential falsifier of the theory. However, Laudans criticisms have no effect on Feyerabends arguments. First, Feyerabends several cases are too significant to neglect. And second, Laudan misunderstands the term refutation used by Feyerabend.1. ์๋ก
2. ํ์ด์ด์๋ฒคํธ์ ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์๋ก
2.1. ํ์ด์ด์๋ฒคํธ์ ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์๋ก ์ ๋ฑ์ฅ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ
2.2. ํ์ด์ด์๋ฒคํธ์ ์ฒ๋ฐฉ โ ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์
2.2.1. ์ด๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ ์ข๋ค
2.2.2. ํ์ด์ด์๋ฒคํธ์ ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์๋ก
2.2.3. ํ์ด์ด์๋ฒคํธ์ ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์๋ก ์ ๋ํ ์ ๋งํ ํด์
3. ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์๋ก ๋นํ์ (1) - ํ ๋ง์ค ์ฟค
3.1. ์ ์๊ณผํ๋ก ๋ ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์๋ก
3.2. ์ ์๊ณผํ์ด ์ ๋ฐํ ํ๋ช
: ์ฝํ๋ฅด๋์ฟ ์ค ํ๋ช
3.3. ์ ์๊ณผํ๋ง์ผ๋ก ์ ๋ฐ๋์ง ๋ชปํ ํ๋ช
: ์ฝํ๋ฅด๋์ฟ ์ค ํ๋ช
4. ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์๋ก ๋นํ์ (2) - ๋๋ฆฌ ๋ผ์ฐ๋
4.1. ๋ผ์ฐ๋ ์ ๋นํ 1: ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์๋ก ์ ์ ๋น์ฑ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ ๋นํ
4.2. ๋นํ์ ๋ํ ๋์
4.3. ๋ผ์ฐ๋ ์ ๋นํ 2: ์ด๋ก ์ฆ์๋ก ๋นํ
4.4. ๋นํ์ ๋ํ ๋์
5. ๊ฒฐ๋ก
์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํMaste
Role of trade unions for employment promotion : theories and cases
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์ต๊ทผ์ ๊ณ ์ฉ์๊ธฐ ์ํฉ์์ ๋
ธ๋์์ฅ์ ์ฃผ์ ํ์์ ์ค ํ๋์ธ ๋
ธ๋์กฐํฉ์ด ๊ณ ์ฉํ๋๋ฅผ ์ํด ์ด๋ค ์ญํ ์ ํด์ผ ํ๊ณ , ์ด์ ๊ด๋ จ๋ ์ ๋ถ์ ์ง์์ ์ฑ
์ ๋ฌด์์ธ์ง๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ํ ๋ชฉ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ํ๋์๋ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ์ํด ๋
ธ๋์กฐํฉ ์๊ธ์ธ์์ ๊ณ ์ฉํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ก ์ ์ฐจ์์์ ๊ฒํ ํ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์ธ์ ๋
ธ๋์กฐํฉ์ด ๊ณ ์ฉํ๋๋ฅผ ์ํด ๋
ธ๋ ฅํ๋ ์ฌ๋ก๋ค๋ก ํ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ค๋๋๋์ ๋
ธ๋์๊ฐ ๋จ์ถ์ฌ๋ก์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์์ค์ฝ์ ์ฃผ์ ๊ณ ์ง๋ก์ ๋ต์ ์ดํด๋ณด์๋ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ์ผ๋ก ๋
ธ๋์กฐํฉ์ ๊ณ ์ฉํ๋ ์ ๋ต์ผ๋ก โ ์ฐ๋์๊ธ์ ์ฑ
, โก ๋
ธ๋์๊ฐ ๋จ์ถ, ํนํ ์ด๊ณผ๋
ธ๋์๊ฐ์ ๋จ์ถ, โข ์๋ จํฅ์์ ํตํ ๊ณ ์ง๋ก์ ๋ต์ ์ ์ํ์๊ณ , ๊ด๋ จ๋ ์ ๋ถ์ ์ ์ฑ
์ผ๋ก โ ์๊ธ์ธ์์ ์ฑ
, โก ๋
ธ๋๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ถ ๋ณด์ฅ, โข ์ผ์๋ฆฌ ๋๋๊ธฐ, โฃ ์ฌํ์ ๋ํ์ ์ด์ง์ ์ ์ํ์๋ค.This paper aims to investigate the role of trade unions in employment promotion and the relevant policies of government under the recent employment crisis. For this purpose I examined firstly the theories on the employment effect of wage increase by trade unions. Then I investigated three cases that trade unions made efforts to promote employment, i.e. the reduction in legal working time in Korea, the reduction in working time through the spread of part-time jobs in the Netherlands and the high road strategy through skill promotion in Wisconsin, the USA.
Based on this theoretical examination and the case studies I suggested as the strategies of trade unions for employment promotion โ solidarity wage policy, โก reduction in working time, especially in overtime, โข high-road strategies through skill promotion and as governmentsโpolicies โ wage increase, โก guarantee of basic labor rights, โข job sharing โฃ encouragement of social dialogue.โ
. ์๋ก 2
โ
ก. ๋
ธ๋์กฐํฉ์ ๊ณ ์ฉํจ๊ณผ 5
โ
ข. ๋
ธ๋์กฐํฉ์ ๊ณ ์ฉํ๋ ๋
ธ๋ ฅ ์ฌ๋ก 9
โ
ฃ. ๋
ธ๋์กฐํฉ์ ๊ณ ์ฉํ๋ ์ ๋ต 15
โ
ค. ์ ์ฑ
์ ์ธ 19
โ
ฅ. ๊ธฐ๋ ํจ๊ณผ 23
์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ 2
A Study on Transitional Labor Market Theory: Theory and Policy Implications
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์ดํ๋
ธ๋์์ฅ ์ด๋ก ์ ๋ํ ์ ํํ ์ดํด์ ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ด ๋ชจ๋ฒ์ฌ๋ก๋ก ์ ์ํ๋ ์ ๋ฝ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์ ๋
ธ๋์์ฅ์ ์ฑ
๋๋ ์ฌํ์ ์ฑ
์ฌ๋ก๋ค์ ๊ฒํ ํจ์ผ๋ก์จ ํ๊ตญ์ ๋ํ ์ ์ฑ
์ ์์ฌ์ ์ ๋์ถํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ผ๋ก ํ๋ค.
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์ด์์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ ๋ฌ์ฑํ๊ธฐ ์ํ์ฌ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ๋ด์ฉ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌํ๊ณ ์ ํ๋ค.
๋จผ์ , ์ 2์ฅ์์๋ ์ดํ๋
ธ๋์์ฅ ์ด๋ก ์ด ๋ฑ์ฅํ๊ฒ ๋ ์ฌํ๊ฒฝ์ ์ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ผ๋ก์ ์ ๋ฝ ๋
ธ๋์์ฅ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ณํ๋ฅผ ๊ฒํ ํ๋ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ผ๋ก๋ ์ค์
๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฉ์ํฉ, ๋ค์ํ ๊ณ ์ฉ๊ด๊ณ์ ๋ฑ์ฅ, ์ฆ ๋น์ ๊ท์ง์ ์ถ์ด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ด๋ก ์ธํด ํ๋ฐํด์ง ๋
ธ๋๋ ฅ ์ํ ๊ฐ์ ์ดํ์ ์์๊ณผ ํน์ง์ ๋ถ์ํ๋ค.
์ 3์ฅ์์๋ ์ดํ๋
ธ๋์์ฅ์ ์ด๋ก ์ฒด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ถ์ํ๊ณ ์ ํ๋ค. ํ์ง๋ง ๊ทธ ์ด์ ์ ์ดํ๋
ธ๋์์ฅ ์ด๋ก ์ ๋ฐ์ ๊ณผ์ ์ ๊ฐ๋ตํ ๊ธฐ์ ํ๊ณ , ์ด์ด์ ์ดํ๋
ธ๋์์ฅ์ ๊ฐ๋
, ์ดํ๋
ธ๋์์ฅ ์ด๋ก ์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ๋ก ์ผ๋ก์ ์์ ๊ณผ์ ์ด๋ก , ์ดํด๋
ธ๋์์ฅ์ ํตํ ์ฌํ์ ์ํ์ ๊ด๋ฆฌ, ์ดํ๋
ธ๋์์ฅ๊ณผ ์ ์ฐ์์ ์ฑ, ์ดํ๋
ธ๋์์ฅ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ๋์ค, ์ค์
๋ณดํ์ ๋์์ผ๋ก์ ๋
ธ๋๋ณดํ์ ๋์
๋ฑ์ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ณ , ๋ง์ง๋ง์ผ๋ก ์ดํ๋
ธ๋์์ฅ ์ด๋ก ์ ํฅํ ๊ณผ์ ๋ฅผ ์ง์ ํ๊ณ ์ ํ๋ค.
์ 4์ฅ์์๋ ์ดํ๋
ธ๋์์ฅ ์ด๋ก ์ ๊ด์ ์์ ๋ชจ๋ฒ์ ์ธ ์ ๋ฝ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์ ์ ์ฑ
์ฌ๋ก๋ฅผ ๊ฒํ ํ๋ค. ๊ต์กยทํ๋ จ๊ณผ ๊ณ ์ฉ ๊ฐ ์ดํ์ ๊ด๋ฆฌ ์ ์ฑ
์ผ๋ก์๋ ์ค์์ค์ ์ง์
๊ต์กํ๋ จ์ ๋์ ๋ํด, ๊ณ ์ฉํํ ๊ฐ ์ดํ์ ๊ด๋ฆฌ ์ ์ฑ
์ผ๋ก์๋ ๋
์ผ์ ๊ทผ๋ก์๊ฐ ์ ์ฐํ, ํนํ ๊ทผ๋ก์๊ฐ๊ณ์ข์ ์ ๋ํด, ๊ณ ์ฉ๊ณผ ์ค์
๊ฐ ์ดํ์ ๊ด๋ฆฌ ์ ์ฑ
์ผ๋ก์๋ ๋
์ผ์ ์กฐ์
๋จ์ถ์ ๋์ ๋ํด, ๊ณ ์ฉ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ฌ ๊ฐ ์ดํ์ ๊ด๋ฆฌ ์ ์ฑ
์ผ๋ก์๋ ์ค์จ๋ด์ ๊ฐ์กฑ์นํ์ ๋ณต์ง์ ์ฑ
์ ๋ํด, ๋ง์ง๋ง์ผ๋ก ๊ณ ์ฉ์์ ์ํด๋ก์ ์ดํ ๊ด๋ฆฌ ์ ์ฑ
์ ๋ํด์๋ ํ๋๋์ โํ๊ธฐ์ฐฌ ๋
ธํโ ์ ๋ต์ ๋ํด ๊ฒํ ํ๋ค.
๋ง์ง๋ง์ผ๋ก ์ 5์ฅ์์๋ ์ด์์ ๋
ผ์๋ก๋ถํฐ ์ด๋ก ์ ํจ์์ ์ ์ฑ
์ ๊ณผ์ ๋ฅผ ๋์ถํ๊ณ ์ ํ๋ค.Flexibility in today's labour market is frequently causing transitions of the labour force. In most cases, these transitions accompany status deterioration of the labour force in the labour market. It inevitably leads to a resistance against the transition itself, which constrains the flexibilization of the labour market. Therefore, flexibilization of labour market needs to take place while managing social risks that emerge in the transition process and providing security in the labor market. In other words, balance of flexibility and security (flexicurity) is important in the labour market.
The theory of transitional labour markets (TLM) which has been developed since the mid-1990s in Europe maintains from this point of view that flexicurity during the whole life-course of a individual should be achieved through the management of the social risks which occur in the transition processes in the labour market. According to the theory, the five main types of the labour market transitions are 1) transitions between education/training and employment, 2) transitions between various employment relations, 3) transitions between (unpaid) private or family-based activities and employment, 4) transitions between unemployment and employment, and 5) transitions between disability/retirement and employment. The TLM theory defines transitional labour markets as the institutional arrangements that promote the smoothy transitions through the management of the social risks intrinsic to these transition processes and insists on the achievement of flexicurity through the TLMs.
Recently the interest in this theory is increasing also in Korea, but the understanding of the theory itself is not yet enough. Therefore, this study primarily aimed at the right understanding of the theory, and rearranged the theoretical system of TLMs that includes the following elements: definition of the concept, life-course perspektive as the methodology, social risk management through TLMs, TLMs and flexicurity, labour insurance and governance of TLMs.
This study also reviewed five labour market policies and social policies in the European countries which the TLM theory appreciates as the โgood practicesโ: the vocational education and training system in Switzerland, the work time accounts in Germany, the short-time work in Germany, the family-friendly welfare policy in Sweden and the active aging policy (FINPAW) in Finland. From the review of these policies some policy implications for Korea were derived.์ ์ฝ
์ 1์ฅ ์ ๋ก 1
์ 1์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ํ์์ฑ๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์ 3
์ 2์ ์ ํ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒํ 7
์ 3์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ด์ฉ 10
์ 2์ฅ ์ ๋ฝ ๋
ธ๋์์ฅ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ณํ 11
์ 1์ ์ ๋ฝ์ ์ค์
๊ณผ ๊ณ ์ฉ 14
์ 2์ ๋น์ ๊ท ๊ณ ์ฉ์ ํ๋ 18
์ 3์ ๋
ธ๋์์ฅ ์ดํ์ ํน์ฑ 23
์ 3์ฅ ์ดํ๋
ธ๋์์ฅ์ ์ด๋ก ์ฒด๊ณ 31
์ 1์ ์ดํ๋
ธ๋์์ฅ ์ด๋ก ์ ๋ฐ์ ๊ณผ์ 33
์ 2์ ์ดํ๋
ธ๋์์ฅ์ ๊ฐ๋
41
์ 3์ ์ดํ๋
ธ๋์์ฅ์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ๋ก ์์ ๊ณผ์ ์ด๋ก 49
์ 4์ ์ดํ๋
ธ๋์์ฅ์ ํตํ ์ฌํ์ ์ํ๊ด๋ฆฌ 54
์ 5์ ์ดํ๋
ธ๋์์ฅ๊ณผ ์ ์ฐ์์ ์ฑ 71
์ 6์ ์ค์
๋ณดํ์์ ๋
ธ๋๋ณดํ์ผ๋ก 81
์ 7์ ์ดํ๋
ธ๋์์ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ๋์ค 89
์ 8์ ์ดํ๋
ธ๋์์ฅ ์ด๋ก ์ ๊ณผ์ 100
์ 4์ฅ ์ดํ๋
ธ๋์์ฅ์ ์ ์ฑ
๋์: ๋ชจ๋ฒ ์ ์ฑ
์ฌ๋ก 105
์ 1์ ์ข์ ์ดํ๋
ธ๋์์ฅ์ ๊ธฐ์ค 108
์ 2์ ๊ต์ก ํ๋ จ๊ณผ ๊ณ ์ฉ ๊ฐ ์ดํ์ ๊ด๋ฆฌ 112
์ 3์ ๊ณ ์ฉํํ ๊ฐ ์ดํ์ ๊ด๋ฆฌ 128
์ 4์ ๊ณ ์ฉ๊ณผ ์ค์
๊ฐ ์ดํ์ ๊ด๋ฆฌ 145
์ 5์ ๊ณ ์ฉ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ฌ ๊ฐ ์ดํ์ ๊ด๋ฆฌ 161
์ 6์ ๊ณ ์ฉ์์ ์ํด๋ก์ ์ดํ ๊ด๋ฆฌ 178
์ 5์ฅ ์ด๋ก ์ ํจ์์ ์ ์ฑ
๊ณผ์ 195
์ 1์ ์ด๋ก ์ ํจ์ 197
์ 2์ ์ ์ฑ
๊ณผ์ 202
SUMMARY 207
์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ 20
[ํ์ฅ๋ํฅ] ํ์ฅ๊ณผ ํจ๊ป ํ๋โe-HRD ์์์งโ
1. ๋ค์ด๊ฐ๋ ๋ง
2. ํ์ฅ์ค์ฌ์ e-Learning ์ ๋ฌธ์ง 'e-HRD ์์์ง'
3. ๋งบ์
Research on the Flexicurity of Europe-Basic Research to Examine the Direction of Future Vocational Training Policy
โ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์
์ฒซ์งธ, ์ ๋ฝ์์ ์์ฑ ๋ฐ์ ๋๊ณ ์๋ ์ ์ฐ์์ ์ฑ์ ๊ดํ ๋
ผ์๋ฅผ ๊ฒํ ํจ์ผ๋ก์จ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ๋
์ ์ดํดํ๊ณ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ฌ์ฑ๋ฐฉ์์ ๋ชจ์ํ๋ค.
๋์งธ, ์ ์ฐ์์ ์ฑ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ ๋ํ์ ์ฌ๋ก๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ํจ์ผ๋ก์จ ์ ์ฐ์์ ์ฑ ์ ์ฑ
์ด ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ๋๋ ๊ณผ์ ์ ์ดํด๋ณธ๋ค.
์
์งธ, ์ ์ฐ์์ ์ฑ์ ํต์ฌ์ ๋ฌ์ฑ๋ฐฉ์์ธ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ์ ์ฐ์ฑ์ ์ฆ๋๋ฅผ ์ํ ์ง์
ํ๋ จ์ ์ฑ
์ ๊ณผ์ ๋ฅผ ๊ฒํ ํ๋ค.
๋ท์งธ, ์ ์ฐ์์ ์ฑ์ ๊ฐ๋
์ดํด์ ์ฌ๋ก๊ฒํ ๋ฅผ ํตํด ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋๋ผ์ ๋ํ ์์ฌ์ ์ ๋์ถํ๋ค.
โ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ด์ฉ
๋จผ์ ์ 2์ฅ์์๋ ์ ์ฐ์์ ์ฑ์ ๊ฐ๋
์ ์ ํํ ์ดํดํ๊ธฐ ์ํ์ฌ ๊ฐ๋
์ ๋ฐ์ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ์ ๊ณผ์ ์ ๋ค๋๋๋์ ์ ๋ฝ์ฐํฉ ์ ์ฐจ์์์ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ณ ๊ฐ๋
์ ์ ์์ ๊ตฌ์ฑ์์ ์ ์ฐ์ฑ๊ณผ ์์ ์ฑ ์ ํํ ๋ฐ ์ํธ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๊ท๋ช
ํ ๋ค์ ์ ์ฐ์์ ์ฑ์ ๋ฌ์ฑ๋ฐฉ์์ผ๋ก ๋ด๋ถ์ ์ ์ฐ์ฑ์ ์ฆ๋ ๋น์ ๊ท ๋
ธ๋์ ๋ณดํธ ๋ฐ ์ดํ๋
ธ๋์์ฅ์ ๋ํ ์ง์ ๋ฑ์ ์ค๋ช
ํ๊ณ ๋ง์ง๋ง์ผ๋ก ์ ์ฐ์์ ์ฑ์ ๋ฌ์ฑ์ ์ํด ํ์ํ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ค์ ๋ฌด์์ธ์ง ๊ฒํ ํ๋ค.
์ 3์ฅ์ ์ ๋ฝ์์ ์ ์ฐ์์ ์ฑ์ ๋ฌ์ฑํ๊ณ ์๋ ๋ํ์ ์ธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ๋ก ๊ฑฐ๋ก ๋๋ ๋ค๋๋๋์ ๋ด๋งํฌ์ ์ฌ๋ก๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ด์ผ๋ก์จ ์ ์ฐ์์ ์ฑ์ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ๋ชจ์ต์ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ๋ค. ์ 4์ฅ์์๋ ์ ์ฐ์์ ์ฑ์ ํต์ฌ์ ๋ฌ์ฑ๋ฐฉ์์ธ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ์ ์ฐ์ฑ์ ์ฆ๋๋ฅผ ์ํด ์ด๋ ํ ์ง์
ํ๋ จ์ ์ฑ
์ด ํ์ํ์ง๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์ํ๋ค ์ด๋ฅผ ์ํด ๋จผ์ , ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ์ ์ฐ์ฑ์ ์ฆ๋์ ํ์ํ ์ทจ์
๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ ํฅ์์ด๋ผ๋ ๋ชฉํ์ ๊ทธ ์๋จ์ผ๋ก์ ํ์ํ์ต์ด ์ ๋ฝ ๊ณ ์ฉ์ ๋ต ๋ด์์ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋ค๋ฃจ์ด์ ธ ์๋๊ฐ๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ณ , ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ผ๋ก ํ์ํ์ต์ ๋ฐ์ ์ ์ํด ์ง์
ํ๋ จ์ ์ฑ
์ด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ์ํ๋์ด์ผ ํ๋์ง๋ฅผ ๊ฒํ ํ๋ค. ๋ง์ง๋ง์ผ๋ก ์ 5์ฅ์์๋ ์ด์์ ๊ฒํ ๋ฅผ ํตํด ๋
ธ๋์์ฅ์ ์ฑ
์ง์
ํ๋ จ์ ์ฑ
๋ฐ ์ฌํ์ ๋ํ์ ์์ญ์์ ์ ๋ฝ์ ๊ฒฝํ์ด ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋๋ผ์ ์ฃผ๋ ์์ฌ์ ์ ๋์ถํ๊ณ ๊ทธ๋ก๋ถํฐ ๋ช ๊ฐ์ง ์ ์ฑ
์ ์์ ํ๊ณ ์ ํ๋ค.1. Summary of Research
Since the financial crisis in 1998, atypical workers have rapidly increased in number due to increasing flexibility in the labor market. However, these workers haven't been protected by the labor laws or social laws. They have been, economically and socially, very unstable. Because the social and political uncertainty factors have increased as well as individual dissatisfaction, there is a need to improve security in the labor market at the same time.
Since the mid 1990's, some European companies have executed 'flexicurity' to satisfy both requests at the same time. Recently, Korea has attempted to recognize this problem little by little. Accordingly, this research was designed to investigate the concept of 'flexicurity' by reviewing discussions from Europe where the concept of 'flexicurity' originated, and to identify the concrete process of the flexicurity policy by looking into cases of representative countries which have achieved flexicurity. Further, the core method which achieves flexicurity is to increase functional flexicurity. For it, how a vocational training policy had to be executed was examined. Through the review, the available implications for Korea were derived and some political suggestions were recommended in terms of the labor market policy, the vocational training policy and social dialogue.
2. Result of Research
A. Understanding on the Concept of Flexicurity and Its Achievements
The concept of โflexicurityโ originated in the legislation process of ใFlexibility and Security Actใ in the Netherlands in the mid 1990's. Then, the European Union (EU) gradually stressed 'a right balance between flexibility and security' in the employment guidelines which have been given to the EU member countries according to 'the European Employment Strategy' started in 1998.
Flexicurity is in general defined as "a policy strategy that attempts to enhance the flexibility of labor markets, work organization and labor relation on the one hand, and to enhance security (employment security and social security) notably for weaker groups in and outside the labor market on the other hand".
However, the flexibility means the internal-quantitative flexibility (working hours), external-quantitative flexibility, functional flexibility, and wage flexibility. The word security has various meanings in regards to job security, employment security, income security, and combination security. Hence, flexicurity can be achieved in various forms according to the way those factors are combined. As the major achievements of flexicurity, it is important to pursue job security through improving the internal (functional and working hours) flexibility for full time workers. Also, we need to identify the protective plans through anti-discrimination against fixed term or temporary agency workers, fraud prevention, and an effort to make full time or permanent workers. Besides, labor force moves actively between the state of employment and that of unemployment in the flexible labor market (transitional labor market). Flexibility and security can be synchronically improved with of promotion of th transition in labor market. However, flexicurity can be smoothly achieved only through compromise with conflicting parties. For it, there needs to make a concession and adjustment between mutual parties by extending the scope of the dialogue and negotiations. Also, 'the coordinated decentralization' strategy must be considered together to reflect requests of various fields.
B. Case Study of the Flexicurity Policy
The representative countries that have achieved flexicurity are the Netherlands and Denmark. The Netherlands typically has the representative Corporatism model to conduct the policy by mutual consent between the social partners. The Wassenaar Accord in 1982 and the New Course Agreement in 1993 became the important groundwork for overcoming the economic troubles of the late 1980's. In this process, the Netherlands improved the flexibility of labor market through expanding the part time work force. Recently the total number of temporary workers have exceeded 40%. However, the government of the Netherlands has gradually guaranteed the same rights for the part time workers as full time workers. By doing so it has strengthened the security of the labor market. Now these part time workers are not the weaker group in the labor market. Also, it has relieved the protection of full time workers through ใFlexibility and security Act ใto some extent in the late 1990's. On the other hand, the government has implemented flexicurity by strengthening the security of 'flex-worker' who is temporary workers. Social security has also played an important role. But, the Netherlands has focused on the balance of the flexibility and security in the labor market.
On the other hand, Denmark doesn't have the employment protection. Thus, it has a flexible labor market where labor force movement is very active. However, Denmark has achieved security through very generous social security whereby unemployment benefits reach 90% of wages. In particular, it has strengthened the active labor market policy to improve worker's employability through the labor market reform in 1994. It classified the period of getting unemployment benefits into a passive period and activation period. Then, it enabled workers to participate in the vocational training compulsorily during the activation period. It has also adopted job rotation policy to appoint the unemployed to a post emptied because of the paid leave arrangements for childcare, education and sabbatical leave. These policies were enforced based on the mutual agreement between the social partners and government. Thus, the model of Denmark shows the high flexibility in the labor market, generous social security, and active labor market policy. This Danish model is characterized by 'a golden triangle of flexicurity'.
C. Flexicurity and Vocational Training Policy
The core achievement measure of flexicurity is to improve functional flexibility. For it, an improvement of skills is needed. Also, the vocational capability of individual is required to obtain employment security in the flexible labor market. The improvement of 'Employability' becomes a key point to the achievement of flexicurity. For it, individuals must receive lifelong learning through their working life. Accordingly, the vocational training policy must focus on the promotion of lifelong learning.
To that end, EU has suggested six strategic missions; a partnership creation, a consideration on educational demand, easy approach to educational opportunity, creation of learning culture, efforts for excellency, and an acquisition of proper resources.
3. Policy Suggestions
To achieve flexicurity in the Korean labor market the labor market policy has to focus on the improvement of internal flexibility (functional and working hours flexibility), because flexibility of the Korean labor market mainly has the form of the external-quantitative flexibility. For atypical workers who have largely increased in number, the protection through anti-discrimination and misuse prevention will have to be strengthened. Also, the range of the insured of the employment insurance should be widened, and the active labor market policies such as the employment stability project and the vocational training will need to be given full consideration and actively employed.
In a concrete way, the vocational training policy will have to focus on the promotion of the individual worker's lifelong learning. The range of workers group which gets subsidies for educational purposes from the employment insurance must be widened. Also, utilization of leave program for vocational education must be actively considered to obtain the time for job training. To reflect the understanding of the related parties exactly and to rapidly respond to changing environment, the cooperation system (partnership) between parties needs to be strengthened. In particular, the publicity, consultation, and education for the lifelong learning must be reinforced for the actual participation workers who are the direct beneficiary of vocational training.
To promote social dialogue and consent, which is the prerequisite to achieve flexicurity, a culture of voluntary discussion between the social partners must be promoted by section and region, not through central government initiative, the one that has been now deadlocked. Also, the current government-led management must be sublated in the management of the social insurance which is the core social safety network. The participation of workers and the general public would be of great help to facilitate serious dialogue among all players in the society.์ ์ฝ
์ 1์ฅ ์๋ก
์ 1์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ํ์์ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ 1
1. ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ํ์์ฑ 1
2. ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ชฉ์ 3
์ 2์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ด์ฉ 3
์ 2์ฅ ์ ์ฐ์์ ์ฑ์ ๊ฐ๋
์ดํด์ ๋ฌ์ฑ๋ฐฉ์
์ 1์ ์ ์ฐ์์ ์ฑ ๊ฐ๋
์ ์์ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐ์ 5
1. ์ ์ฐ์์ ์ฑ ๊ฐ๋
์ ๋ค๋๋๋์ ๊ธฐ์ 5
2. EU ์ฐจ์์์ ์ ์ฐ์์ ์ฑ ๊ฐ๋
์ ๋ฐ์ 10
์ 2์ ์ ์ฐ์์ ์ฑ ๊ฐ๋
์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ํน์ฑ 16
1. ์ ์ฐ์์ ์ฑ์ ์ ์ 16
2. ์ ์ฐ์ฑ๊ณผ ์์ ์ฑ์ ํํ 19
3. ์ ์ฐ์ฑ๊ณผ ์์ ์ฑ์ ์ํธ๊ด๊ณ 21
์ 3์ ์ ์ฐ์์ ์ฑ์ ๋ฌ์ฑ ๋ฐฉ์ 23
1. ๋ด๋ถ์ ์ ์ฐ์ฑ์ ์ฆ๋ 24
2. ๋น์ ๊ท ๋
ธ๋์์ ๋ณดํธ 26
3. ์ดํ๋
ธ๋์์ฅ์ ๋ํ ์ง์ 33
์ 4์ ์ ์ฐ์์ ์ฑ์ ์กฐ๊ฑด 37
1. ์ฌํ์ ๋ํ์ ์ํธ์ ๋ขฐ 38
2. ํ์๋ฒ์์ ํ๋ 39
3. ์กฐ์ ๋ ๋ถ๊ถํ 39
4. ๊ฒฝ์ ๋ฐ ๋
ธ๋์์ฅ์ํฉ 40
์ 3์ฅ ์ ์ฐ์์ ์ฑ ์ ์ฑ
์ ์ฌ๋ก์ฐ๊ตฌ
์ 1์ ๋ค๋๋๋ 45
1. ์๋ก 45
2. ๋ค๋๋๋ ํฉ์์ฃผ์ ๋ชจ๋ธ 46
3. ๋ค๋๋๋ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ ์ ์ฐ์์ ์ฑ 53
4. ๊ต์กํ๋ จ์์คํ
์ ์์ด์ ์ ์ฐ์์ ์ฑ 68
5. ์ฑ๊ณต๋ชจ๋ธ์ ๋์์ ์์ฌ์ 79
์ 2์ ๋ด๋งํฌ 82
1. 90๋
๋ ์ดํ ๊ฒฝ์ ใ๋
ธ๋์์ฅ ์ํฉ 82
2. ๋ด๋งํฌ ๋
ธ๋์์ฅ์ ํน์ฑ 84
3. ๋ด๋งํฌ์ ์ง์
ํ๋ จ์ฒด์ 95
4. ์ฌํ์ ํํธ๋์ญ - ๊ฐ๋ฑ๊ด๊ณ์ ๊ธฐ์ดํ ํฉ์๋ชจ๋ธ 101
5. ๋ด๋งํฌ์ ์ ์ฐ์์ ์ฑ - โํฉ๊ธ์ผ๊ฐํโ 105
์ 4์ฅ ์ ์ฐ์์ ์ฑ๊ณผ ์ง์
ํ๋ จ์ ์ฑ
์ 1์ ์ ๋ฝ๊ณ ์ฉ์ ๋ต๊ณผ ์ทจ์
๋ฅ๋ ฅ, ํ์ํ์ต 107
1. ์ ์ฐ์์ ์ฑ๊ณผ ์ทจ์
๋ฅ๋ ฅ, ํ์ํ์ต 107
2. ์ ๋ฝ๊ณ ์ฉ์ง์นจ๊ณผ ์ทจ์
๋ฅ๋ ฅ, ํ์ํ์ต 108
์ 2์ ํ์ํ์ต์ ์ํ ์ง์
ํ๋ จ์ฒด์ 110
1. ํํธ๋์ญ ํ์ฑ 111
2. ํ์ต์์์ ๋ํ ํต์ฐฐ 112
3. ํ์ต๊ธฐํ์ ๋ํ ์ฉ์ดํ ์ ๊ทผ 113
4. ํ์ต๋ฌธํ์ ์ฐฝ์ถ 114
5. ์์์ฑ์ ์ํ ๋
ธ๋ ฅ 114
6. ์ ์ ํ ์์์ ํ๋ณด 115
์ 5์ฅ ์์ฌ์ ๋ฐ ์ ์ฑ
์ ์
์ 1์ ์ ์ฉ์ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ๊ณผ ํ์์ฑ 119
์ 2์ ๋
ธ๋์์ฅ์ ์ฑ
์ ๋ํ์ฌ 121
์ 3์ ์ง์
ํ๋ จ์ ์ฑ
์ ๋ํ์ฌ 123
์ 4์ ์ฌํ์ ๋ํ์ ๋ํ์ฌ 126
SUMMARY 129
์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ 13
The Structure and Characteristics of Vocational Training Market(โ ): Analysis โ of the Financing of Vocational Training in Korea
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์ง์
ํ๋ จ์์ฅ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ํน์ฑ์ ๊ท๋ช
ํ๋ ค๋ ์์
์ ์ผํ์ผ๋ก์ ์ง์
ํ๋ จ์ฌ์ ์ ํํฉ์ ๋ถ์ํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ ๊ณต๊ณต์ง์
ํ๋ จ์ ํ๋ จ์ข
๋ฅ๋ณ ์ฌ์ ์ง์ํํฉ์ ์ธ๋ถ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ฒํ ํ๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์ฐ์
๋ณ, ๊ธฐ์
๊ท๋ชจ๋ณ, ์ง์ญ๋ณ, ๊ทผ๋ก์ํน์ฑ๋ณ๋ก ์ฌ๋ถ๋ฅํ์ฌ ํ๋ จ์ฌ์ ์ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ง์
ํ๋ จ์ฌ์ ์ด์ฉ์ ํจ๊ณผ๋ก์ ๊ธฐ์
์ ์์ฐ์ฑํจ๊ณผ, ๊ทผ๋ก์์ ๊ณ ์ฉ ๋ฐ ์๊ธํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ํ์๋ค.
ํฅํ ์ง์
ํ๋ จ์ ์ฑ
์ ๊ฐ ์์ญ๋ณ๋ก ๋ถ๊ท ํ์ ์ธ ์ฌ์ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ์ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ํ๋ จํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํฅ์์ํค๋ ๋ฐ ์ญ์ ์ ๋์ด์ผ ํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
โ ์ฃผ์๋ด์ฉ
- ์ง์
ํ๋ จ์์ฅ์ ์ฌ์ ํํฉ
- ์ง์
ํ๋ จ์ฌ์ ์ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ๊ตฌ์กฐ
- ์ง์
ํ๋ จ์ฌ์ ์ด์ฉ์ ํจ๊ณผ๋ถ์1. Overview
This study aims to analyze the financing of vocational training in Korea. This study focuses on grasping the equity of the vocational training market by studying how financial resources for vocational training are distributed according to various factors such as industrial sector, firm size, region and characteristics of workers. This study will also focus on the effects of investment in vocational training on increases in productivity, employment and wage.
2. The structure of the distribution of vocational training financing
According to the analysis of the data on vocational training in 2004, the following results were observed:
By industrial sector, manufacturing, electricity, gas, water supply, financial, real estate. insurance, transport. storage, and communication sectors received relatively high financial support for vocational training considering the weight of financial support, number of businesses, number of employment insurance policy holders, and the amount of employment insurance premium paid. In terms of firm size, larger firms tended to receive more financial support for vocational training, especially firms with more than 1,000 workers.
By region Seoul received far more support compared to other regions, and Kyunggi-Do also received high financial support. Therefore financial support was concentrated on the Capital region. This is partly because a high number of firms are located in the Capital region, but data shows that this region received relatively high support for employer training and employee training compared to the number of firms and number of policy holders. However, the Capital region received too little support for unemployment training considering the number of unemployed people in the region. The Jeju and Kangwon regions were least supported in all areas of vocational training.
In terms of employee characteristics, male workers received more support for vocational training than female workers. However, taking into account the number of policy holders, male workers received too little support. By age, most support was given to workers in their twenties and thirties, and this age group received excessive support considering the number of policy holders. By education level high school graduates and university graduates received the most support. Taking into account the number of policy holders however, those with less than high school degrees were undersupported while those with higher education levels received excessive support. In the case of vocational training for the unemployed, males received more support than females in total amount, but the former was less supported than the latter when taking into account their proportion among the unemployed population. By age group, most support was given to those in their twenties and the thirties, which has a high proportion of unemployed people. By education level, high school graduates were most supported, which corresponded to their proportion in the total unemployed population.
The policy implications of the above analysis are as follows:
First, in order to cope with the imbalance between industrial sectors, a strategy to promote joint vocational training at the industry level is necessary. By promoting vocational training at the industry level, firms in industries with weak vocational training can collectively seek solutions for the problem and ultimately stimulate vocational training in the industry. Currently ten Sectoral Human Resources Development Councils (SHRDC) are in operation, and nine of them belong to manufacturing industries with the exception of that of the e-biz industry. Therefore the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy and the Ministry of Labor which support the SHRDCs should make an effort to aid the establishment of SHRDCs in other industrial sectors with weak vocational training.
Secondly, support for vocational training is overly concentrated on large firms. To solve this inequity, vocational training policy should focus more on supporting vocational training in small and midium-sized firms with inferior facility, equipment, and manpower. For example invigorating vocational training consortium projects of SMEs and training programs for SME CEOs and vocational training personnel will serve to stimulate vocational training in SMEs.
Thirdly, in order to solve the inequity of distribution of vocational training support among regions, more autonomy and rights in vocational training policy and more financial support should be given to each region. Through that the interest of stake-holders in regions could be reflected more precisely, which will stimulate vocational training in regions outside of the Capital area.
Lastly, in order to fairly distribute vocational training support to everyone, it is important to assess the training needs of workers and to develop suitable training programs. Especially the development of training programmes for people in their the forties and above and persons with low education levels is very important.
3. Effects and Implications of Vocational Training Financing
This study evaluated the effectiveness of vocational training in terms of productivity, employment and wage. Internal data of various firms were used to analyze the effects of vocational training expenses on productivity, and effects of employment and wage were analyzed by utilizing data from the HRD-Net and Employment Insurance database.
The results of this study indicate that vocational training expense has weak positive effects on productivity. significantly positive effects on employment, and statistically no positive effect on wage.
The above results also imply that vocational training market may be malfunctioning in some parts. That is, higher vocational training expense does not result in higher wage. It may be related to the fact that there are industries in which wage is not affected by the labor supply and demand. An example is 3D industries where wages are pretty low in spite of their labor shortage. This is why government should make an active intervention in vocational training.
The results also imply that we need to investigate more carefully the effects of vocational training on skills. As above-mentioned, vocational training has a weak positive effect on productivity, which is not sufficient to motivate firms to invest in vocational training. Vocational training expense does not have a positive effect on wage, which may be implying that public vocational training is not positively appraised by the market.
The last implication of this study is that the need for public vocational training is increasing as the labor market becomes more flexible. More vocational training need to be provided especially to people in their 20's and 50's, the low-educated, and the high-educated with low skill-job match. Since there is high social demand for vocational training for them and it has positive effects on both employment and wage, providing public vocational training could bring positive social effects.์ ์ฝ
์ 1์ฅ ์๋ก
์ 1์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ํ์์ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ 1
์ 2์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ด์ฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ 2
์ 2์ฅ ์ง์
ํ๋ จ์์ฅ์ ์ฌ์ ํํฉ
์ 1์ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ๋ฌธ์ ์ง์
ํ๋ จ ์ฌ์ ํํฉ 5
1. ๋
ธ๋๋ถ ์ง์ ์ง์
ํ๋ จ์ ์ฌ์ ํํฉ 5
2. ๊ธฐํ ์ ๋ถ๋ถ์ฒ์ ์ง์
ํ๋ จ ์ง์ 41
3. ์ง๋ฐฉ์์น๋จ์ฒด์ ์ง์
ํ๋ จ ์ง์ 43
์ 2์ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋ถ๋ฌธ์ ์ง์
ํ๋ จ์ฌ์ ํํฉ 44
1. ๊ธฐ์
์์ฒด ํ๋ จ๋น์ฉ 44
2. ๊ทผ๋ก์ ๊ฐ์ธ์ ํ๋ จ๋น์ฉ 47
์ 3์ฅ ์ง์
ํ๋ จ์ฌ์ ์ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ๊ตฌ์กฐ
์ 1์ ์ง์
ํ๋ จ์ฌ์ ์ ์ฐ์
๋ณ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ๊ตฌ์กฐ 49
์ 2์ ์ง์
ํ๋ จ์ฌ์ ์ ๊ธฐ์
๊ท๋ชจ๋ณ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ๊ตฌ์กฐ 51
์ 3์ ์ง์
ํ๋ จ์ฌ์ ์ ์ง์ญ๋ณ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ๊ตฌ์กฐ 53
์ 4์ ์ง์
ํ๋ จ์ฌ์ ์ ๊ทผ๋ก์ ํน์ฑ๋ณ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ๊ตฌ์กฐ 56
์ 4์ฅ ์ง์
ํ๋ จ์ฌ์ ์ด์ฉ์ ํจ๊ณผ ๋ถ์
์ 1์ ๊ธฐ์
๊ต์กํ๋ จ๋น ์ง์ถ์ ๋
ธ๋์์ฐ์ฑ ํจ๊ณผ 61
1. ๋ฌธ์ ์ ์ ๊ธฐ 61
2. ํต๊ณ๋ชจํ 64
3. ์๋ฃ์ ์ฑ๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ด ํต๊ณ 67
4. ๋ถ์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 72
5. ๋ถ์๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์์ฝ 79
์ 2์ ์ง์
ํ๋ จ๋น ์ง์ถ์ ์ทจ์
๋ฐ ์๊ธ ํจ๊ณผ: ์ค์
์ํ๋ จ์ ์ค์ฌ์ผ๋ก 80
1. ๋ฌธ์ ์ ์ ๊ธฐ 80
2. ํต๊ณ๋ชจํ 81
3. ์๋ฃ์ ์ฑ๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ด ํต๊ณ 84
4. ๋ถ์๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 88
5. ๋ถ์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์์ฝ 99
์ 5์ฅ ์์ฝ๊ณผ ํจ์
SUMMARY 107
์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ 11