36 research outputs found

    Mutation in the transcriptional regulator PhoP contributes to avirulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra strain.

    Get PDF
    Attenuated strains of mycobacteria can be exploited to determine genes essential for their pathogenesis and persistence. To this goal, we sequenced the genome of H37Ra, an attenuated variant of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain. Comparison with H37Rv revealed three unique coding region polymorphisms. One polymorphism was located in the DNA-binding domain of the transcriptional regulator PhoP, causing the protein's diminished DNA-binding capacity. Temporal gene expression profiles showed that several genes with reduced expression in H37Ra were also repressed in an H37Rv phoP knockout strain. At later time points, genes of the dormancy regulon, typically expressed in a state of nonreplicating persistence, were upregulated in H37Ra. Complementation of H37Ra with H37Rv phoP partially restored its persistence in a murine macrophage infection model. Our approach demonstrates the feasibility of identifying minute but distinct differences between isogenic strains and illustrates the consequences of single point mutations on the survival stratagem of M. tuberculosisope

    Evaluation of Liquid Culture System in Sputum Culture and Drug Susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

    No full text
    In this study, we compared the BacT/Alert liquid culture system with Ogawa and LoยจwensteinL\ddot{o}wenstein-Jensen (L-J) media for sputum culture and drug susceptibility test (DST) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Rapid liquid culture systems have been widely employed both for primary cultures of M. tuberculosis from clinical specimens and for drug susceptibility test because of its greater sensitivity and faster turn-around time than the conventional egg-based culture methods (Ogawa, LoยจwensteinL\ddot{o}wenstein-Jensen media). Sputum specimens were decontaminated with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NALC)-4% NaOH and inoculated into the BacT/Alert culture bottles and Ogawa media. 95 from among 135 sputa were smear-positive, 97 (71.9%) were culture-positive by the BacT/Alert culture system, while 89 (65.9%) were positive by Ogawa media. The mean time to culture-positive by the BacT/Alert process system was about 11.3 days, which was significantly shorter than that by Ogawa media (22.4 days). Of 32 M. tuberculosis cultures examined for drug sensitivity, the concordant rate between the two methods (BacT/ Alert liquid culture system, LoยจwensteinL\ddot{o}wenstein-Jensen media) ranged from 87.5% for isoniazid and 90.6% for rifampicin.ope

    ๊ณ ยท์ € phytate ์‹์ด๋ฅผ ์„ญ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ phytate๋ฐฐ์„ค ๋ฐ ์นผ์Š˜๊ณผ ์ธ์˜ ํก์ˆ˜์œจ ๋น„๊ต

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์‹ํ’ˆ์˜์–‘ํ•™๊ณผ,2003.Maste

    Iimpact of the return to work on life satisfaction of people with work-related disabilities

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ณด๊ฑด๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ(๋ณด๊ฑด์ •์ฑ…๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•™์ „๊ณต),2010.2.Maste

    ์†Œ ๋ถ„๋ณ€์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ Clostridium perfringens ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ค‘ํ•ฉํšจ์†Œ์—ฐ์‡„๋ฐ˜์‘์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋…์†Œ ์œ ์ „์ž ๊ฒ€์ถœ

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ˆ˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์˜๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ „๊ณต(์ˆ˜์˜์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘ํ•™),1997.Maste

    Characterization of Immune Responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv2041c Protein

    No full text
    Tuberculosis, which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), is one of the most important infectious diseases in the world. Although many functional studies have been conducted on M. tb proteins in the post-genomic era, little is known about the function of many proteins expressed specifically during latency. Previously, we reported that Rv2041c from M. tb H37Rv is highly expressed under conditions of low pH and hypoxia, which represent the in vitro mimicry of latent tuberculosis. In the present study, increased expression levels of Rv2041c under hypoxia and low pH in vitro culture was confirmed by RT-PCR. Interestingly, Rv2041c showed significantly increased expression among genes of the same operon and genes belonging to the same functional group. Finally, the immune responses elicited by the recombinant (r) Rv2041c protein were investigated using ex vivo and in vivo models of M. tb infection. A significantly high level of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-ฮฑ, IL-6, and IL-12p40 was detected in a dose-dependent manner by treatment of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages with rRv2041c protein. In addition, IFN-ฮณ and TNF-ฮฑ secretion increased after stimulation with purified Rv2041c protein to lymphocytes from latent and active TB mice in a modified Cornell model. In conclusion, our findings suggest that Rv2041c is a new T-cell antigen and could be a potential vaccine candidate against M. tb infection by inducing a strong cellular immune response.ope

    ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ Cocktail subunit ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์˜ ๋ฉด์—ญ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ์–ดํšจ๊ณผ.

    No full text
    BK 21 Project for Medical Science/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๊ฒฐํ•ต์€ AIDS, ๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„ 3๋Œ€ ์ฃผ์š” ์ „์—ผ์„ฑ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐํ•ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์œผ๋กœ BCG๊ฐ€ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์„ฑ์ธ์˜ ํ๊ฒฐํ•ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ BCG ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์˜ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ BCG ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฐํ•ต๋ฐฑ์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์ ˆ์‹คํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐํ•ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ subunit ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฒฐํ•ต์˜ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ธ Antigen 85A (Ag85A), ESAT-6, 16 kDa, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  38 kDa์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ๊ฒฐํ•ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์–ดํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  alum, MPL-SE, DDA, IFA, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  MPL-SE๊ณผ DDA๋ฅผ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•œ adjuvants๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉํ•ญ์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ์–ดํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. C57BL/6 ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์— ๊ฒฐํ•ตํ•ญ์›์„ ๋‹จ๋… ๋˜๋Š” ์กฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”ผํ•˜๋กœ 3์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ 3ํšŒ ๋ฉด์—ญ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œํ›„ 4์ฃผํ›„์— ์„ธํฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํ•ญ์ฒด๋งค๊ฐœ ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐํ•ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ subunit ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์–ด๋Šฅ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ M. tuberculosis H37Rv ๊ฒฐํ•ต๊ท ์„ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ์—ผ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  4 ์ฃผ ๋˜๋Š” 8์ฃผ ํ›„์— ํ์™€ ๋น„์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ฒฐํ•ต๊ท  ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘ ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•ญ์›์œผ๋กœ ์กฐํ•ฉ๋œ cocktail subunit ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฉด์—ญ์‹œํ‚จ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์—์„œ ๋‹จ๋…ํ•ญ์›์œผ๋กœ ๋ฉด์—ญ์‹œํ‚จ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฒฐํ•ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ธํฌ์„ฑ ๋ฉด์—ญ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 4 ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฐํ•ตํ•ญ์›์„ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฉด์—ญ์‹œํ‚จ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ•ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ธํฌ์„ฑ ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ๋ฏธ์•ฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ•ญ์ฒด๋งค๊ฐœ ๋ฉด์—ญ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ•ญ์›์„ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฉด์—ญ์‹œํ‚จ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐํ•ตํ•ญ์›์„ ๋‹จ๋…์œผ๋กœ ๋ฉด์—ญ์‹œํ‚จ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ•ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ ์˜์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์–ด๋Šฅ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‘˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•ญ์›์„ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฉด์—ญ์‹œํ‚จ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์—์„œ ํ์™€ ๋น„์žฅ์—์„œ ์œ ์˜์„ฑ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐํ•ต๊ท ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Ag85A์— ESAT-6 ๋˜๋Š” 38 kDa ํ•ญ์›์„ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•œ cocktail subunit ๋ฐฑ์‹ ๊ณผ Ag85A์— ESAT-6์™€ 16 kDa์„ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•œ cocktail subunit ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋œ cocktail subunit ๋ฐฑ์‹ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ๋ฐฉ์–ด๋Šฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฐํ•ตํ•ญ์›์œผ๋กœ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•œ cocktail subunit ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์˜์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ•ต๊ท ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•ญ์›์œผ๋กœ ๋ฉด์—ญ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‘˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•ญ์›์„ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฉด์—ญ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋•Œ์— ๊ฒฐํ•ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. Ag85A์— 16 kDa ๋˜๋Š” 38 kDa ํ•ญ์›์„ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•œ cocktail subunit ๋ฐฑ์‹ ๊ณผ Ag85A์— ESAT-6์™€ 16 kDaํ•ญ์›์„ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•œ cocktail subunit ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ํ›„๋ณด๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์‹œ์‚ฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ํ•ญ์›์˜ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is one of the worldโ€™s three major infectious diseases, along with AIDS and malaria. An effective vaccine against TB would be the most cost effective way of controlling the disease. Given the controversial efficacy of BCG vaccine against TB in adults, it has become urgent that we develop new TB vaccines, which can replace BCG and overcome the inhibitory effect shown by environmental mycobacteria upon vaccine effectiveness. In an effort to develop subunit vaccines against TB, the recombinant proteins Antigen 85A (Ag85A), ESAT-6, 16 kDa, and 38 kDa of M. tuberculosis were examined for protective efficacy in a mouse model. In addition, four adjuvants, namely, alum, MPL-SE, DDA, FIA, and a combination of MPL-SE and DDA were evaluated in term of their synergistic effects on immune response to the recombinant antigens. C57BL/6 mice were immunized three times subcutaneously with individual antigen or cocktail antigens that consisted of two to four antigens including Ag85A as a key antigen. Cellular and humoral immune responses were measured four weeks after the last immunization, and IgG isotypes were determined. Protective efficacy was evaluated by bacterial counts in lungs and spleens four or eight weeks after aerosol challenge with M. tuberculosis H37Rv. IFN-ฮณ production was consistently elevated in mice immunized with cocktail vaccines consisting of two or three TB antigens compared to mice immunized with a single TB antigen. Interestingly, however, no significant increase in IFN-g was observed production in mice that received a cocktail vaccine consisting of four TB antigens. When mice were immunized with an individual antigen, there was no significant protection against M. tuberculosis. However, significant reductions in bacterial count in the lungs and spleens were observed when mice were immunized with cocktail subunit vaccines consisting of two or three TB antigens. Cocktail subunit vaccines consisting of Ag85A + ESAT-6, Ag85A + 38 kDa, and Ag85A + ESAT-6 + 16 kDa rendered greater protection than other antigen combinations. However, no significant reduction in bacterial load was found in mice immunized with a cocktail vaccine consisting of four TB antigens, probably because of reduced amounts of individual antigens. This study demonstrates that cocktail antigens containing to two or three antigens are more effective than a single antigen for the protection of mice against M. tuberculosis infection. Cocktail subunit vaccines consisting of Ag85A + 38 kDa and Ag85A + ESAT-6 + 16 kDa were found to be most promising as vaccines against TB. Further study needs to be undertaken to determine the proper doses of individual antigens in order to maximize protective efficacy.ope

    ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ณด๊ฑด๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ(๋ณด๊ฑด์ •์ฑ…๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2014. 2. ๊ถŒ์ˆœ๋งŒ.์žฅ์• ์ธ์ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์šฐ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํ•ญ ์ค‘ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณด์žฅ์€ ํ•ด๋งˆ๋‹ค 1, 2์œ„๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•ด์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋“ค์€ ์ƒํ™œ๋น„ ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์žฅ์• ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„์— ์ง€์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์žฅ์• ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ฆ์ง„๊ณผ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์œ ์ง€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ™œ๋™์˜ ์ œํ•œ์„ ์™„ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ, ํ‰๋“ฑํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ํŠนํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ์‚ถ์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ถ•์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„, ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ ์ด์šฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฐ„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ ์ด์šฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ํšก๋‹จ๋ฉด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฅ์• ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค๋ณด๋‹ˆ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ณด์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์žฅ์• ์ธ ๋‚ด์—์„œ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์žฅ์• ์ธ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž์™€ ํ•™๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์žฅ์• ์ธ์ด ์†ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ด ์™”์œผ๋‚˜, ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€์ฒด ์žฅ์• , ๋‡Œ๋ณ‘๋ณ€ ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋งŒ 20-64์„ธ์˜ ์„ฑ์ธ ์žฌ๊ฐ€์žฅ์• ์ธ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋Š” 2005-2011๋…„ ํ•œ๊ตญ๋ณต์ง€ํŒจ๋„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒจ๋„ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ •ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ์˜ ๋น„์žฅ์• ์ธ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ฒ€์ง„, ์™ธ๋ž˜ ๋ฐ ์ž…์›์ด์šฉ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์žฅ์• ์ธ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋Š” 2011๋…„ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์‹คํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹คํ•ญ๋กœ์ง“๋ชจํ˜•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์žฅ์• ์ธ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋•Œ์— ์˜๋ฃŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜, ์ฆ‰ ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ์˜๋ฃŒ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ ์ €ํ•ด ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„์žฅ์• ์ธ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํŒจ๋„ํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ •ํ•œ ํ›„์—๋„ ์ค‘์ฆ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ฒ€์ง„ ์ˆ˜๊ฒ€๋ฅ ์€ ๋น„์žฅ์• ์ธ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‚ฎ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ์ž…์› ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋น„์žฅ์• ์ธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ธด ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์™ธ๋ž˜์ง„๋ฃŒ ํšŸ์ˆ˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์žฅ์• ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์žฅ์• ์ธ์ด ํ‰์†Œ ์ œ๋•Œ์— ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ฒ€์ง„์ด๋‚˜ ์™ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฉ์น˜๋œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž…์›์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฅ์• ์ธ ๋‚ด์—์„œ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ฒ€์ง„ ์ˆ˜๊ฒ€๋ฅ ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š” ์ž„๊ธˆ๊ทผ๋กœ๊ฐ€, ์™ธ๋ž˜์ง„๋ฃŒ ํšŸ์ˆ˜์—๋Š” ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ๋ณด์œ ๊ฐ€, ์ž…์› ์ผ ์ˆ˜์—๋Š” ์žฅ์• ๋ณด์œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„, ์ค‘์ฆ๋„, ์ „๋…„๋Œ€๋น„ ์ค‘์ฆ๋„์˜ ์•…ํ™”, ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ๋ณด์œ , ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์†Œ๋“์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ์นœ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์นœ์ง€์™€์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ตํ™œ๋™์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ๋•Œ์—, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์†Œ๋“์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ์˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ํ™•๋ฅ ์€ ์ ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋„์™€์ค„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์—†์–ด์„œ ์ง‘๋ฐ–ํ™œ๋™์„ ๋ชปํ•  ๋•Œ์—, ์žฅ์• ์ธํŽธ์˜์‹œ์„ค์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์™ธ์ถœ์— ๋ถˆํŽธํ•จ์„ ๊ฒช์„ ๋•Œ์—, ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋•Œ์— ๊ตํ†ต๋ถˆํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ์˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋…๊ฑฐ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์˜ˆ์•ฝ, ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ ์ œํ•œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์ง€์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์žฅ์• ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ์— ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์†Œ๋“์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์™„ํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์žฅ์• ์ธ์€ ๋น„์žฅ์• ์ธ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜€๊ณ , ์žฅ์• ์ž์ฒด์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ๋ณด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ์„ ์ €ํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ์—๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ˆ˜์ค€๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์—ญํ• ๊ณผ ์ œ๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•จ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ ์ด์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ฐจ์› ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ์žฅ์• ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์žฌํ™œ์น˜๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ทธ ์™ธ ๋™๋ฐ˜์งˆํ™˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ ์‹œ์˜ ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์ง€์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.โ… . ์„œ ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  5 โ…ก. ๋ฌธํ—Œ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 6 1. ์žฅ์• ์ธ, ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•, ์žฅ์• ์ธ ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ๋ณด๊ฑด์„œ๋น„์Šค์—ฐ๊ตฌ 6 1) ์žฅ์• ์ธ, ์žฅ์• ์ธ ์ •์ฑ… 6 2) ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ฌธ์ œ 10 3) ์žฅ์• ์ธ ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ๋ณด๊ฑด์„œ๋น„์Šค์—ฐ๊ตฌ 11 2. ์žฅ์• ์˜ ์„ ํƒ, ์‹œ์ž‘, ์ง€์†์  ํšจ๊ณผ 12 3. ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ์˜๋ฃŒ์™€ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ ์ด์šฉ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ ์ €ํ•ด์š”์ธ 14 1) ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ์˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 14 2) ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ ์ด์šฉ ์ €ํ•ด์š”์ธ 16 4. ์‹ค์ฆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 18 1) ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ ์ด์šฉ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 18 2) ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 26 5. ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์˜ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  34 โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 36 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• 36 1) ์žฅ์• ์˜ ์ •์˜ 36 2) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• 38 3) ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐœ์š” 41 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 44 1) ๋ถ„์„ โ… . ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ ์ด์šฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ 44 2) ๋ถ„์„ โ…ก. ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ 53 โ…ฃ. ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ ์ด์šฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ 59 1. ๋ถ„์„โ… -1. ๋น„์žฅ์• ์ธ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ ์ด์šฉ ํŠน์„ฑ 59 1) ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ 59 2) ๋น„์žฅ์• ์ธ๊ณผ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ ๋น„๊ต 62 3) ๋น„์žฅ์• ์ธ๊ณผ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๋น„๊ต 64 4) ์žฅ์• ๋ณด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 65 2. ๋ถ„์„โ… -2. ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ ์ด์šฉ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ 71 1) ๋ถ„์„๋Œ€์ƒ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ 71 2) ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ์žฅ์• ๋ณด์œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ 73 3) ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ 75 3. ๊ณ ์ฐฐ: ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ ์ด์šฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ 85 โ…ค. ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ 98 1. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 98 1) ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ ๋น„๊ต 98 2) ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ 102 2. ๊ณ ์ฐฐ: ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ 109 โ…ฅ. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๊ณผ ์ œ์–ธ 118 1. ์ด๋ก ์  ํ•จ์˜ 118 2. ์ •์ฑ…์  ํ•จ์˜ 122 3. ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์  ํ•จ์˜ 125 4. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์™€ ์ œ์–ธ 125 129 Abstract 141Docto

    Tissue-specific changes in mRNA expression of Abc and Slc transporters in murine pulmonary tuberculosis

    No full text
    A pulmonary tuberculosis mouse model was used to assess the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characteristics of tuberculosis therapeutics. While membrane transporters play important roles in drug disposition and physiological homeostasis, their expressional changes and contribution have never been analysed in a tuberculosis animal model. The mRNA expression level of 20 Abc family transporters and 32 Slc family transporters in tuberculosis-infected mice were compared with those in naรฏve uninfected mice using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection induced many dramatic expression changes of families of both Abc transporters and Slc transporters at 4 and 8 weeks, as observed in the livers, kidneys, and intestines of test mice--and in a different mode, in the lungs and spleens as well. These changes were dependent on the tuberculosis progression with the tissue-specific manner, that is, in the lungs, the number of transporters of which the expression level changed due to M. tuberculosis infection had increased, and the magnitude of change also greater at 8 weeks, while in the spleen, the transcription of most transporters except Mrps had not changed or had recovered back to the same level of naรฏve transcription at 8 weeks. Understanding the expression changes of transporters will assist in setting up rational preclinical dosing plans through the ability to predict the pharmacokinetics of new anti-tuberculosis chemotherapeutics and, furthermore, will assist in the design of safer and more efficient drug regimensope

    Construction of Recombinant BCGs Overexpressing Antigen 85 Complex and Their Protective Efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in a Mouse Model

    No full text
    Tuberculosis (TB) remains an enormous global health problem, and a new vaccine against TB more potent than the current inadequate BCG vaccine is urgently needed. We constructed three recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG (rBCG) strains over-expressing antigen (Ag) 85A, Ag85B, or both of M. tuberculosis using their own promoter and secretory sequence, or hsp60 promoter. SDS-PAGE analysis of rBCG proteins showed overexpression of Ag85A and Ag85B proteins in higher level than of those in their parental strain of BCG. In addition, rBCG(rBCG/B.FA) over-expressing Ag85A and Ag85B induced strong IFN-ฮณ production in splenocytes. However, there was no significant difference in protective efficacy between rBCG and their parental BCG strain. In this study, therefore, rBCG over-expressing Ag85A, Ag85B, or both failed to show enhanced protection against M. tuberculosis infection in a mouse model.ope
    corecore