13 research outputs found

    Relation between females' subjective perceptions about their bodies, body mass index and smoking status based on urinary cotinine test

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    ๋ณด๊ฑด์ •์ฑ…๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ธ ์ฒดํ˜•์ธ์‹ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ์ฒดํ˜•์ž๋ฃŒ์ธ ์ฒด์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ง€์ˆ˜(body mass index: BMI)์™€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ํก์—ฐ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ใ€Œ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜์–‘์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ œ4๊ธฐ 2์ฐจ๋…„๋„(2008๋…„)์™€ 3์ฐจ๋…„๋„(2009๋…„)ใ€์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, 19์„ธ ์ด์ƒ ์ „์ฒด ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ค‘์— ํก์—ฐ์—ฌ๋ถ€์˜ ๊ฐ๊ด€์  ๊ธฐ์ค€์ธ ์š”์ค‘ ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ๋‹Œ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์‹œ๋œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋งŒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ ํก์—ฐ์ž์™€ ๋น„ ํก์—ฐ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ธฐ์ค€์ธ ์š”์ค‘ ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ๋‹Œ์€ 50ng/ใŽ– ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์š”์ธ์€ ์—ฐ๋ น, ์†Œ๋“์ˆ˜์ค€, ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์ƒํƒœ, ๊ต์œก์ˆ˜์ค€, ์ง์—…์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ ์š”์ธ์€ ์Œ์ฃผ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ์œ ๋ณ‘์—ฌ๋ถ€, ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ธ์ง€์œจ, ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜ ๋ฐ ์•” ์œ ๋ณ‘ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ฒดํ˜•๊ด€๋ จ ์š”์ธ์€ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์ฒด์ค‘๋ณ€ํ™”์—ฌ๋ถ€, ์ฒด์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ง€์ˆ˜, ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์ฒดํ˜•์ธ์‹, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ฒด์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ง€์ˆ˜์™€ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์ฒดํ˜•์ธ์‹์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์ธ ์ด 5,485๋ช… ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์š”์ธ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ ์š”์ธ, ์ฒดํ˜•๊ด€๋ จ ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ํก์—ฐ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์นด์ด์Šคํ€˜์–ด ๊ฒ€์ฆ๊ณผ, ์—ฌ์„ฑํก์—ฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ์š”์ธ์ธ ์—ฐ๋ น์ด ๋‚ฎ์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ์ดํ˜ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋ณ„ ๋“ฑ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์—†์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ๊ณ ์กธ์ด๋‚˜ ์ดˆ์กธ ๊ต์œก ์ˆ˜์ค€์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก, ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์ง์ด๋‚˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ด€๋ จ ์—…์ข…์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ํก์—ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์Œ์ฃผ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜์ด๋‚˜ ์•”์„ ์•“๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ํก์—ฐ์œจ์ด ๋†’์€ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ์œ ๋ณ‘์—ฌ๋ถ€๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑํก์—ฐ์œจ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์ฒดํ˜•๊ด€๋ จ ์š”์ธ์ธ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์ฒด์ค‘๋ณ€ํ™” ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋Š” ํก์—ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ฒด์ค‘๊ฐ์†Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฒด์ค‘์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—, ์ฒด์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ง€์ˆ˜์™€ ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ธ ์ฒดํ˜•์ธ์‹์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ €์ฒด์ค‘์ด๋‚˜ ๋งˆ๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ํก์—ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ธ ์ฒดํ˜•์ธ์‹๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ์ฒดํ˜•๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ ์ฒด์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ €์ฒด์ค‘์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑํก์—ฐ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์—ฌ์„ฑํก์—ฐ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์ธ๋œ ์ฒดํ˜•๊ด€๋ จ ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ, ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ธˆ์—ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ฒดํ˜•์ธ์‹ ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์ œ์–ธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ด ๊ธˆ์—ฐ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ฐ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ํ•™๊ต๋ณด๊ฑด์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณด๊ฑด์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋กœ ์ฒจ๋ถ€ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์–ธํ•œ๋‹ค.restrictio

    ๊ณ ์ง€ํ˜ˆ์ฆ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ˆ˜์ปท ํฐ์ฅ์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋‘ ์ด์†Œํ”Œ๋ผ๋ณธ ์„ญ์ทจ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์งˆ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ํ•ญ์‚ฐํ™” ํšจ์†Œ ํ™œ์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์‹ํ’ˆ์˜์–‘ํ•™๊ณผ,2004.Maste

    ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฒ•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ - ์ฒด์ œ์ „ํ™˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ์ „ํ™˜๊ณผ์˜ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ -

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋ฒ•ํ•™๊ณผ, 2017. 2. ์ดํšจ์›.๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฒ•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ - ์ฒด์ œ์ „ํ™˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ์ „ํ™˜๊ณผ์˜ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์žฅ ์†Œ ์˜ ๊น€์ •์€ ์ •๊ถŒ์€ ๋ถํ•œ์—์„œ 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„ ์ง€์†๋œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋Œ€์™ธ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ ์ •์ฑ…์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ œํŠน๊ตฌ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ง€์†ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํš๋“ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๊ถŒ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์ „๋žต์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 2013๋…„ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฒ•์€ ๊น€์ •์€ ์ •๊ถŒ์ด ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์  ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์ œํŠน๊ตฌ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์ฒด์ œ์ „ํ™˜ ์ด์ „์— ์ •์น˜์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ์ •๋‹นํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์†์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ ฅ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•ด์™”๋˜ ์ •์ฑ…์ด๋ฉฐ, ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œํŠน๊ตฌ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ฒด์ œ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ด์ž ์›๋™๋ ฅ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๊น€์ •์€ ์ •๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œํŠน๊ตฌ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฒด์ œ์ „ํ™˜์˜ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ฒด์ œ์ „ํ™˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œํŠน๊ตฌ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ฒด์ œ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์„ ์ด๋Œ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋•Œ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์  ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์˜ ํ˜•์‹๊ณผ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ์–ด๋– ํ–ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ฒด์ œ ์ „ํ™˜์˜ ๋„์ƒ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฒ•์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€. ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์ฒด์ œ์ „ํ™˜์„ ๊ฒฌ์ธํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์  ๊ณผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ฒด์ œ์ „ํ™˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ์ „ํ™˜์„ ์œ ํ˜•ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์™€์˜ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์  ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ฐŸ์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ฒด์ œ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ์ •์น˜์ฒด์ œ๋กœ์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€ ํ๊ธฐํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์ ์ธ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ฒ•์ œ์ „ํ™˜์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์ ์ธ ํŠน์ง•๋„ ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒด์ œ์ „ํ™˜์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ์ „ํ™˜์„ ์œ ํ˜•ํ™”ํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜ ์ •์น˜์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ฒด์ œ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜๋งŒ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•œ ์ ์ง„์ฃผ์˜-์œ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ-๋‹จ์ผ์ „ํ™˜ ์œ ํ˜• ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ธ ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œํŠน๊ตฌ๋ฒ•์ œ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ํŠน์ง•์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜ ์ •์น˜์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€์‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋Œ€์™ธ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ง€์†ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š” ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ์ค‘๊ตญ ๋ฐ ๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ฒฝ์ œํŠน๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ƒํ™ฉ์˜ ํ˜ธ์ „์„ ๋„๋ชจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋„ ํ•˜์— ์˜ค๋žœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๊ฒฝ์ œํŠน๊ตฌ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ํŽผ์ณ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ •์น˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜ ์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๋„ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œํŠน๊ตฌ ์ „๋žต์€ 1991๋…„ ๋ผ์„ ์ž์œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฌด์—ญ์ง€๋Œ€ ์ง€์ •์„ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ 2013๋…„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ ์ •์ฑ…์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฒด์ œ์ƒ์กด์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ํƒˆ์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๋„๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์ฒด์ œ์ „ํ™˜ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ •์น˜์ฒด์ œ์™€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ฒด์ œ์˜ ๋™์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ „ํ™˜์„ ์ด๋ฃฌ ๋™์œ ๋Ÿฝ์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ฒด์ œ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ „๋ฉด์ ์ธ ๊ฐœํ˜์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์‹คํ–‰ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฒฝ์ œํŠน๊ตฌ ์ „๋žต์ด ์™ธ์ž์œ ์น˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ๊ธฐ์ œ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋‚˜ ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ฒด์ œ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด ๊ธธ๊ณ  ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์› ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฒฝ์ œํŠน๊ตฌ ์ „๋žต์€ ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ฒด์ œ ์ „ํ™˜์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ฐœํ˜๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์˜ ์ด‰์ง„์ œ์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์ œํŠน๊ตฌ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐœํ˜๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ฒด์ œ์˜ ๋ชจ์ˆœ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ •์น˜์ฒด์ œ์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ฒด์ œ์ „ํ™˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—์„œ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ฒด์ œ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ฒด์ œ ์ž์ฒด์˜ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”๋จ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด๊ณ , ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ฒด์ œ์™€ ์ •์น˜์ฒด์ œ์˜ ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์น˜์ฒด์ œ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ๋„ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์ด๋‚˜๋งˆ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ทœ๋ฒ”๊ณผ์˜ ๋™์งˆํ™” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ๋ถํ•œ์€ ์ •์น˜์ฒด์ œ์˜ ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์ œํŠน๊ตฌ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋‚œ ๊ทน๋ณต์„ ๊พ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฝ์ œํŠน๊ตฌ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ์ง€์†๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์˜๋„์™€๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœํ˜๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ ํ™•์‚ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์ฒด์ œ์ „ํ™˜์„ ์‹ฌํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ œ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฌ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฝ์ œํŠน๊ตฌ ์ „๋žต์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์  ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฒ•์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์ฒด์ œ์ „ํ™˜์„ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•  ๋•Œ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ธ‰์ง„์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ†ต์ผ์ด ์ด๋ค„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ๋ถํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ ฅ์„ ๋‹จ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์— ์ œ๊ณ ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๋‚จ๋ถํ•œ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ ฅ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๊ฒฝ์ œํŠน๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์œ ๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ˜„ํ–‰ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œํŠน๊ตฌ๋ฒ•์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์  ๊ณผ์ œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๊ฐ€ ์š”์ฒญ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ตญ์ œ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ๋น„๊ต๋ฒ• ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”, WTO์— ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ฒด์ œ์˜ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๊ธฐ ์ด์ „ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์ œ์ •๋œ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ œํŠน๊ตฌ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตโ€ค๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต๊ณผ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ฒด์ œ ์ „ํ™˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์  ๊ณผ์ œ ๋„์ถœ ๋ฐ ๊ธ‰์ง„์ ์ธ ํ†ต์ผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ถํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ์˜ ํ•œ์‹œ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ œํŠน๊ตฌ ์šด์˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์  ๊ณผ์ œ ๋„์ถœ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ถํ•œ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ๋น„๊ต๋ฒ• ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์„ฑ๊ณต์—…์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฒ•, ๊ธˆ๊ฐ•์‚ฐ๊ตญ์ œ๊ด€๊ด‘ํŠน๊ตฌ๋ฒ•, ๋ผ์„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฌด์—ญ์ง€๋Œ€๋ฒ•, ํ™ฉ๊ธˆํ‰โ€ค์œ„ํ™”๋„๊ฒฝ์ œ์ง€๋Œ€๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฒ•๊ณผ์˜ ๋น„๊ตโ€ค๋ถ„์„๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ตญ์ œ๋ฒ•์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ถํ•œ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฒ•์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ต๋ฒ•์  ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋น„๊ตโ€ค๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ ๋ฒ•์ œ๋„์˜ ์ •๋น„ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ •ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฐœ์ •, ํ•˜์œ„๊ทœ๋ฒ”์˜ ์ •๋น„, ์ž…๋ฒ•์˜ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ ์œ ์ง€, ์ž…๋ฒ•์ ˆ์ฐจ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”ํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ž…๋ฒ•์ž์œจ๊ถŒ ํ™•๋Œ€์™€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์šด์˜์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ์‹คํšจ์„ฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™”, ๊ณผ๊ฐํ•œ ์„ธ์œจ ์šฐ๋Œ€์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž…๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—…์ž…์žฅ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™์ œ๋„ ๋งˆ๋ จ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ํˆฌ์ž ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์กฐ์น˜ ์‹œํ–‰, ๋ถ„์Ÿํ•ด๊ฒฐ ์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™” ๋ฐ ํ–‰์ •์ฒ˜๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์˜์ ˆ์ฐจ ๋ฒ•์ œํ™”์™€ ์ œ์žฌ ๋ถ€๊ณผ์‹œ์˜ ๋ฒ•์› ๊ด€์—ฌ ์ œ๋„ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ๋ณด์žฅ ์ œ๋„ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‚จ๋ถ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€์™€ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฒ•์ œ๋„์˜ ๋ณด๊ฐ•์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ํˆฌ์ž์ž์˜ ์‹ ๋ณ€์•ˆ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด์žฅ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐœ์„ฑ๊ณต์—…์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์ฃผ๊ถŒ์„ ์ผ๋ถ€ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ๋ถํ•ฉ์˜์„œ๋ฅผ ์ฒด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝํ˜‘ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ๋„์  ๊ณผ์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ตœํ˜œ๊ตญ ๋Œ€์šฐ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํŠน๋ณ„๋Œ€์šฐ ์ œ๋„ํ™”์™€ ์ฒญ์‚ฐ๊ฒฐ์ œ ์ œ๋„ ์‹œํ–‰์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฒ•์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ์ œ๋„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚จ๋ถ๋ฒ•์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์œ„์›ํšŒ ์ถ”์ง„๋„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹คํšจ์  ์ง€์›์ฒด๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋‚จํ•œ๋ฒ•์ œ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ง€์›์ด ์ผ์ฐจ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฒ•์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ์ •๋น„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ†ต์ผ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ฒ•, ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ์ง€์›๋ฒ•์˜ ์ œ์ •๊ณผ ๋‚จ๋ถ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ , ๋‚จ๋ถ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ , ๋‚จ๋ถํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฐœ์ •์ด ์š”์ฒญ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ œ๋„์  ๊ฐœ์„ ์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‚จ๋ถ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฒฝํ˜‘ ๊ธฐ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์ข…ํ•ฉ ์ง€์›์กฐ์ง์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ถํ•œ ๋ฒ•์ œ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ตญ์ œ๋ฒ• ์ฒด๊ณ„์™€์˜ ์ •ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์ฒด์ œ์ „ํ™˜์ด ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ •์ „ํ˜‘์ • ์ฒด์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ‰ํ™”ํ˜‘์ • ์ฒด์ œ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ตญ์ œ๋ฒ•์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ์šฐ์„ ์  ๊ณผ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์ฒด์ œ์ „ํ™˜์ด ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚˜๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณผ์ด์ž ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถํ•œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ์  ์ฐจ์›์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ์ง€์›์ด ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ค„์ง€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ถํ•œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ œ์žฌ ํ•ด์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒด์ œ์ „ํ™˜๊ตญ ๋ฒ•์ œ๊ตฌ์ถ• ์‚ฌ์—…์—์„œ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์ด ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ถํ•œ์ด ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ๋ฒ•์ œ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์— ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•  ํ•„์š”๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ์ •๋น„๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ์  ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ๋„ ์ฃผ๋„๊ถŒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ถํ•œ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ตญ์ œ์  ์ง€์›์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ๋„ ๋‚จํ•œ์˜ ์ฃผ๋„๊ถŒ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š”์–ด : ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฒ•, ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œํŠน๊ตฌ๋ฒ•์ œ, ๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œํŠน๊ตฌ๋ฒ•์ œ, ๋ถํ•œ ํŠน์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์ œ์ง€๋Œ€๋ฒ•์ œ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์ฒด๊ณ„, ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ฒด์ œ์ „ํ™˜์˜ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์  ๊ณผ์ œ ํ•™๋ฒˆ : 2014-31373์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ์˜์˜ 1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜ 4 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ „์ œ์™€ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 7 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ „์ œ 7 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 9 ์ œ2์žฅ ๋ถํ•œ ํŠน์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์ œ์ง€๋Œ€๋ฒ•์ œ์™€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฒ•์ œ 11 ์ œ1์ ˆ ํŠน์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์ œ์ง€๋Œ€์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์ฒด๊ณ„ 11 1. ํŠน์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์ œ์ง€๋Œ€์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 11 (1) ํŠน์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์ œ์ง€๋Œ€์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ - ๊น€์ผ์„ฑ ์ •๊ถŒ 11 (2) ํŠน์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์ œ์ง€๋Œ€์ •์ฑ…์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€ - ๊น€์ •์ผ ์ •๊ถŒ 12 (3) ํŠน์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์ œ์ง€๋Œ€์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋ถ„ํ™” - ๊น€์ •์€ ์ •๊ถŒ 13 2. ํŠน์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์ œ์ง€๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 14 (1) ๋ผ์„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฌด์—ญ์ง€๋Œ€ 14 (2) ์‹ ์˜์ฃผํŠน๋ณ„ํ–‰์ •๊ตฌ 16 (3) ๊ฐœ์„ฑ๊ณต์—…์ง€๊ตฌ 17 (4) ๊ธˆ๊ฐ•์‚ฐ๊ตญ์ œ๊ด€๊ด‘ํŠน๊ตฌ 19 (5) ํ™ฉ๊ธˆํ‰โ€ค์œ„ํ™”๋„๊ฒฝ์ œ์ง€๋Œ€ 20 (6) ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ 21 ๊ฐ€. ํ–‰์ •์ฒด๊ณ„ 21 ๋‚˜. 19๊ฐœ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ํŠน์ง• 22 3. ํŠน์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์ œ์ง€๋Œ€์˜ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์ฒด๊ณ„ 25 (1) ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์ฒด๊ณ„ 25 ๊ฐ€. ํ—Œ๋ฒ• 25 ๋‚˜. ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋ฒ•, ๊ทœ์ •, ์กฐ์•ฝ 26 ๋‹ค. ์ž…๋ฒ•ํ˜•์‹๊ณผ ์ฑ„ํƒ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 28 (2) ํŠน์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์ œ์ง€๋Œ€๋ฒ•์ œ์˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„ 29 ๊ฐ€. ํ—Œ๋ฒ• ๊ทœ์ • 29 ๋‚˜. ํŠน์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์ œ์ง€๋Œ€๋ฒ•์ œ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „ 30 ๋‹ค. ํŠน์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์ œ์ง€๋Œ€๋ฒ•์ œ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฒด๊ณ„ํ™” 34 4. ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ณ„ ํŠน์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์ œ์ง€๋Œ€๋ฒ•์ œ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์ฒด๊ณ„ 40 (1) ๋‚จ๋ถ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๊ด€๋ จ ํŠน์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์ œ์ง€๋Œ€๋ฒ•์ œ 40 (2) ์™ธ๊ตญํˆฌ์ž ๊ด€๋ จ ํŠน์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์ œ์ง€๋Œ€๋ฒ•์ œ 41 (3) ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ ๊ด€๋ จ ํŠน์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์ œ์ง€๋Œ€๋ฒ•์ œ 45 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฒ•์ œ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ 46 1. ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฐฝ์„ค๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค 46 (1) ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ œ๋„ 46 (2) ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฐฝ์„ค 47 (3) ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 49 (4) ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค 51 2. ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ™œ๋™ 53 (1) ๊ธฐ์—…์ฐฝ์„ค๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์˜ 53 (2) ๋…ธ๋™๊ณผ ๋ณด์ˆ˜ 55 (3) ์„ธ๊ธˆ๊ณผ ํšŒ๊ณ„ 57 3. ๊ธฐ์—…์šด์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” 58 (1) ์žฅ๋ ค์™€ ํŠนํ˜œ 58 (2) ํˆฌ์ž๋ณด์žฅ๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ณ€์•ˆ์ „ 59 4. ์ œ์žฌ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์Ÿํ•ด๊ฒฐ 60 (1) ์ œ์žฌ 60 (2) ์‹ ์†Œ์™€ ๋ถ„์Ÿํ•ด๊ฒฐ 61 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฒ•์ œ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŠน์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์ œ์ง€๋Œ€๋ฒ•์ œ์™€์˜ ๋น„๊ต 62 1. ์ฒด๊ณ„์™€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ œ๋„ 62 (1) ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ์ฒด๊ณ„ 62 (2) ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ œ๋„์™€ ์›์น™ 64 2. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค 69 (1) ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์›์น™๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ ˆ์ฐจ 69 (2) ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์—…์ž์™€ ํ† ์ง€์ด์šฉ ์ œ๋„ 71 (3) ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค 72 3. ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ™œ๋™ 74 (1) ๊ธฐ์—…์ฐฝ์„ค 74 (2) ๋…ธ๋™๊ณผ ์ž„๊ธˆ 76 (3) ์„ธ๊ธˆ๊ณผ ํšŒ๊ณ„ 79 (4) ๋ณดํ—˜ 80 4. ๊ธฐ์—…์šด์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” 81 (1) ๋ฉด์„ธ์™€ ๊ฐ์„ธ 81 (2) ํŠนํ˜œ๊ด€์„ธ์™€ ์ž์œ ์†ก๊ธˆ 82 (3) ์‹ ๋ณ€์•ˆ์ „ 83 (4) ๊ธฐํƒ€์˜ ํŠนํ˜œ 85 5. ์ œ์žฌ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์Ÿํ•ด๊ฒฐ 86 (1) ์ œ์žฌ 86 (2) ๋ถ„์Ÿํ•ด๊ฒฐ 87 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 89 ์ œ3์žฅ ์ฒด์ œ์ „ํ™˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ์ „ํ™˜๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œํŠน๊ตฌ๋ฒ•์ œ 96 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ฒด์ œ์ „ํ™˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ 96 1. ์ฒด์ œ์ „ํ™˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 96 2. ์ฒด์ œ์ „ํ™˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์œ ํ˜•ํ™” 98 (1) ์ „ํ™˜์˜ ์†๋„ ๊ธฐ์ค€ 100 ๊ฐ€. ๊ธ‰์ง„์ฃผ์˜ ์œ ํ˜• 100 ๋‚˜. ์ ์ง„์ฃผ์˜ ์œ ํ˜• 103 (2) ์ „ํ™˜์˜ ๋™๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ์ค€ 106 ๊ฐ€. ์œ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜ ์œ ํ˜• 107 ๋‚˜. ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜ ์œ ํ˜• 109 (3) ์ „ํ™˜์˜ ์˜์—ญ ๊ธฐ์ค€ 111 ๊ฐ€. ์ด์ค‘์ „ํ™˜ ์œ ํ˜• 112 ๋‚˜. ๋‹จ์ผ์ „ํ™˜ ์œ ํ˜• 114 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ฒด์ œ์ „ํ™˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ๋ฒ•์ œ์ „ํ™˜ 117 1. ๊ธ‰์ง„์ฃผ์˜-์•„๋ž˜๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ-์ด์ค‘์ „ํ™˜ ์œ ํ˜• ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ์ „ํ™˜ 120 (1) ํด๋ž€๋“œ 120 (2) ์ฒด์ฝ”์™€ ์Šฌ๋กœ๋ฐ”ํ‚ค์•„ 122 (3) ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ์•„ 124 (4) ๋ฃจ๋งˆ๋‹ˆ์•„ 125 (5) ๋ชฝ๊ณจ 127 2. ๊ธ‰์ง„์ฃผ์˜-์œ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ-์ด์ค‘์ „ํ™˜ ์œ ํ˜• ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ์ „ํ™˜ 129 (1) ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ 129 (2) ํ—๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ 131 (3) ๋ฏธ์–€๋งˆ 134 (4) ์บ„๋ณด๋””์•„ 135 3. ์ ์ง„์ฃผ์˜-์œ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ-๋‹จ์ผ์ „ํ™˜ ์œ ํ˜• ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ์ „ํ™˜ 136 (1) ์ค‘๊ตญ 136 (2) ๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ 140 (3) ๋ผ์˜ค์Šค 143 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 145 ์ œ4์žฅ ์ ์ง„์ฃผ์˜-์œ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ-๋‹จ์ผ์ „ํ™˜ ์œ ํ˜• ๊ฒฝ์ œํŠน๊ตฌ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฒ• 155 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ฒฝ์ œํŠน๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ์œ ํ˜• 155 1. ๊ฒฝ์ œํŠน๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 155 2. ๊ฒฝ์ œํŠน๊ตฌ์˜ ์œ ํ˜• 158 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ ์ง„์ฃผ์˜-์œ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ-๋‹จ์ผ์ „ํ™˜ ์œ ํ˜• ๊ฒฝ์ œํŠน๊ตฌ๋ฒ•์ œ 159 1. ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ํŠน๋ณ„๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ตฌ๋ฒ•์ œ 159 (1) ํŠน๋ณ„๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ตฌ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ 159 (2) ํŠน๋ณ„๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ตฌ๋ฒ•์ œ์˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„ 162 ๊ฐ€. ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ 162 ๋‚˜. ํŠน๋ณ„๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ตฌ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ทœ๋ฒ” 164 ๋‹ค. ๊ด‘๋™์„ฑ ๊ฒฝ์ œํŠน๊ตฌ ์กฐ๋ก€ 166 (3) ๊ด‘๋™์„ฑ ๊ฒฝ์ œํŠน๊ตฌ ์กฐ๋ก€์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ 167 ๊ฐ€. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ œ๋„ 167 ๋‚˜. ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค 167 ๋‹ค. ๋“ฑ๋ก๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์˜ 168 ๋ผ. ๋…ธ๋™๊ณผ ์ž„๊ธˆ 169 ๋งˆ. ์šฐ๋Œ€ํ˜œํƒ 169 2. ๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ์˜ ํŠน๋ณ„๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€๊ณต๊ตฌ๋ฒ•์ œ 170 (1) ํŠน๋ณ„๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€๊ณต๊ตฌ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ 170 (2) ํŠน๋ณ„๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€๊ณต๊ตฌ๋ฒ•์ œ์˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„ 172 ๊ฐ€. ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ 172 ๋‚˜. ํŠน๋ณ„๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€๊ณต๊ตฌ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ทœ๋ฒ” 174 ๋‹ค. ํŠน๋ณ„๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€๊ณต๊ตฌ ๊ทœ์ • 175 (3) ํŠน๋ณ„๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€๊ณต๊ตฌ ๊ทœ์ •์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ 176 ๊ฐ€. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ œ๋„ 176 ๋‚˜. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 177 ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค 178 ๋ผ. ๊ธฐ์—…ํ™œ๋™ 178 ๋งˆ. ๊ด€์„ธ์™€ ์™ธํ™˜ 180 ๋ฐ”. ์šฐ๋Œ€์กฐ์น˜์™€ ๋ถ„์Ÿํ•ด๊ฒฐ ์ œ๋„ 181 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๋ถํ•œ๋ฒ•์ œ์˜ ์ ์ง„์ฃผ์˜-์œ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ-๋‹จ์ผ์ „ํ™˜ ์œ ํ˜•์  ํŠน์ง• 181 1. ํ—Œ๋ฒ• ๊ทœ์ • 182 (1) 1948๋…„ ํ—Œ๋ฒ• ~ 1972๋…„ ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์กฐํ•ญ 182 (2) 1992๋…„ ํ—Œ๋ฒ• ์ดํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™” 183 2. ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ถ„์•ผ ๋ฒ•์ œ์ •๋น„ 185 (1) ๋Œ€์™ธ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฒ•์ œ 185 (2) ๊ฒฝ์ œํŠน๊ตฌ๋ฒ•์ œ 186 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์ ์ง„์ฃผ์˜-์œ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ-๋‹จ์ผ์ „ํ™˜ ์œ ํ˜• ๊ฒฝ์ œํŠน๊ตฌ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋น„๊ต 188 1. ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ์ฒด๊ณ„ 188 2. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ œ๋„์™€ ์›์น™ 189 (1) ๊ณตํ†ต์  189 (2) ์ฐจ์ด์  190 3. ๊ธฐ์—…ํ™œ๋™ 193 (1) ๊ณตํ†ต์  193 (2) ์ฐจ์ด์  195 4. ๋ถ„์Ÿํ•ด๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ณ€์•ˆ์ „ ๋“ฑ 196 5. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 197 ์ œ5์žฅ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ฒด์ œ์ „ํ™˜์˜ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์  ๊ณผ์ œ 201 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  201 1. ํ˜•์‹๊ณผ ์ฒด๊ณ„ 201 (1) ์ž…๋ฒ•๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ •์ฒด 201 (2) ์ฒด๊ณ„์ •ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๋ถ€์กฑ 202 (3) ํ•˜์œ„ ๊ทœ๋ฒ” ๋ฏธ๋น„ 207 2. ๋‚ด์šฉ 208 (1) ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜์  ์ œ์•ฝ 208 (2) ์„ ์–ธ์ โ€คํ›„์ง„์  ์ž…๋ฒ• 212 (3) ์กฐํ•ญ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ชจ์ˆœ๊ณผ ์ถฉ๋Œ 214 (4) ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ๋ถˆ๋ช…ํ™•์„ฑ 215 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 216 1. ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ ๋ฒ•์ œ๋„์˜ ์ •๋น„ 217 (1) ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ •ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด 217 ๊ฐ€. ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฐœ์ • 217 ๋‚˜. ํ•˜์œ„๊ทœ๋ฒ”์˜ ์ •๋น„ 219 ๋‹ค. ์ž…๋ฒ•์˜ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ ์œ ์ง€ 221 ๋ผ. ์ž…๋ฒ•์ ˆ์ฐจ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”ํ™” 222 (2) ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด 222 ๊ฐ€. ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์šด์˜์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ์‹คํšจ์„ฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™” 222 (๊ฐ€) ์ž…๋ฒ•์ž์œจ๊ถŒ ํ™•๋Œ€ 222 (๋‚˜) ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด 223 ๋‚˜. ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ํˆฌ์ž ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์กฐ์น˜ ์‹œํ–‰ 224 (๊ฐ€) ๊ณผ๊ฐํ•œ ์„ธ์œจ ์šฐ๋Œ€์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž… 224 (๋‚˜) ๊ธฐ์—…์ž…์žฅ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™์ œ๋„ ๋งˆ๋ จ 225 ๋‹ค. ํˆฌ์ž ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ๋ณด์žฅ ์ œ๋„ํ™” 225 (๊ฐ€) ๋ถ„์Ÿํ•ด๊ฒฐ ์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™” - ์ƒ์‚ฌ์ค‘์žฌ์œ„์›ํšŒ ์šด์˜ 225 (๋‚˜) ํ–‰์ •์ฒ˜๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์  ์ด์˜์ ˆ์ฐจ ๋ฒ•์ œํ™” 226 (๋‹ค) ์ œ์žฌ ๋ถ€๊ณผ์‹œ์˜ ๋ฒ•์› ๊ด€์—ฌ ์ œ๋„ํ™” 227 2. ๋‚จ๋ถ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ฒ•์ œ์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€์™€ ๊ฐ•ํ™” 228 (1) ๊ฒฝํ˜‘ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ณ€์•ˆ์ „ ํ•ฉ์˜์„œ ์ฒด๊ฒฐ 228 (2) ๊ฒฝํ˜‘ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ๋„์  ๊ณผ์ œ 229 ๊ฐ€. ์ตœํ˜œ๊ตญ ๋Œ€์šฐ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํŠน๋ณ„๋Œ€์šฐ ์ œ๋„ํ™” 229 ๋‚˜. ์ฒญ์‚ฐ๊ฒฐ์ œ์ œ๋„ ์‹œํ–‰ 230 (3) ๋ฒ•์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ์ œ๋„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚จ๋ถ ๋ฒ•์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์œ„์›ํšŒ ์ถ”์ง„ 231 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ ์ง€์›์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ œ 232 1. ๋‚จํ•œ๋ฒ•์ œ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ง€์› 232 (1) ๋ฒ•์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ์ •๋น„ 233 ๊ฐ€. ํ†ต์ผ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ œ์ • 233 ๋‚˜. ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ์ง€์›์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์˜ ์ œ์ • 234 ๋‹ค. ๋‚จ๋ถ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ • 235 ๋ผ. ๋‚จ๋ถ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ • 236 ๋งˆ. ๋‚จ๋ถํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฐœ์ • 239 (2) ์ฒด๊ณ„์  ์ง€์›์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ๋„์  ๊ฐœ์„  240 ๊ฐ€. ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด ์—ญํ•  ํ™•๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ตฌ ์ •์ฑ…์— ์กฐ์‘ 240 ๋‚˜. ๊ฒฝํ˜‘ ๊ธฐ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์ข…ํ•ฉ ์ง€์›์กฐ์ง ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 242 ๋‹ค. ๋ถํ•œ ๋ฒ•์ œ์ธํ”„๋ผ ์ง€์› ์ฒด์ œ ๊ตฌ์ถ• 242 2. ๊ตญ์ œ๋ฒ• ์ฒด๊ณ„์™€์˜ ์ •ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™” 244 (1) ํ‰ํ™”ํ˜‘์ • ์ฒด์ œ๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜ 244 ๊ฐ€. ํ‰ํ™”ํ˜‘์ • ์ฒด๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฒด์ œ์ „ํ™˜์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 244 ๋‚˜. ํ‰ํ™”ํ˜‘์ • ์ฒด๊ฒฐ์˜ ์Ÿ์  245 ๋‹ค. ํ‰ํ™”ํ˜‘์ • ์ฒด๊ฒฐ์˜ ์ฒด์ œ์ „ํ™˜์  ์˜์˜ 245 (2) ๊ตญ์ œ์  ์ฐจ์›์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ์ •๋น„ ์ง€์› 246 ๊ฐ€. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ์ œ์žฌ ํ•ด์ œ 246 ๋‚˜. ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ€์ž… 248 ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ์ œ์  ์ง€์›์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ์˜ ๋‚จํ•œ ์ฃผ๋„๊ถŒ ํ™•๋ณด 250 ์ œ6์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  252 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 260Docto

    Development, Application of Mobile-based, Multimedia-utilized, Nursing Competency Evaluation System for Nursing Students

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    ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๋Ÿฌ๋‹(m-learning)์ด ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๊ต์œกํ˜„์žฅ์—๋„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋„์ž…๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€(MBT: Mobile-based Test)๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ(PDAs, Mobile phones, Tablets)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ํ•™์Šต ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ง€ํ•„๊ณ ์‚ฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋ฐœ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ํ•™์Šต์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ต์œก์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ•™์Šต์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์–ด ๊ต์œกํ˜„์žฅ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋˜, ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์— ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” MBT๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์•”๊ธฐํ˜• ์ง€์‹์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„ˆ๋จธ ์ž„์ƒ ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์  ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•™์Šต๋™๊ธฐ ์ด๋ก (ARCS)์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(Mobile-based, Multimedia-utilized, Nursing Competency Evaluation System, ์ดํ•˜ NCE System)์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹œํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž…์ฒด์  ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ต์œก ํ‹€(3D nursing simulation education framework)์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ฑ์ธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™ ๋‚ด์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ž„์ƒ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” 40๋ฌธํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ NCE System์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ NCE System์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ์‚ฌํ›„ ์‹คํ—˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ NCE System์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ •์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” NCE System์˜ ํ•™์Šต ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํฌ์ปค์Šค ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋ฉด๋‹ด์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” ์„œ์šธ ์†Œ์žฌ ์ผ๊ฐœ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋Œ€ํ•™ 3, 4ํ•™๋…„ ํ•™์ƒ 60๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๊ฐ๊ฐ 30๋ช…์”ฉ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ ๋ฐฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์— ์†ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ NCE System์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์ค‘ 19๋ช…์€ ํฌ์ปค์Šค ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋ฉด๋‹ด์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ์†ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ NCE System ๋ฌธํ•ญ๊ณผ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋™์ผํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๋งŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์–‘์  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” independent t-test๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์งˆ์  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, NCE System์˜ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ๊ฐ„ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค(t=-.996, p=.324). NCE System์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ(ํŽธ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ, ์ด์ , ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ, ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„)์€ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์ด ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค(t=-3.295, p=.002). ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ NCE System์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ํ•™์Šต๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค(t=-3.282, p=.002). ์งˆ์  ์ฃผ์ œ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์€ NCE System ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•™์Šต ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‹ค๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•™์Šตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, NCE System์ด ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์‹ค์Šต์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ ์ด์ฒด์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‹ค๋ฌด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(NCE System)์˜ ํ•™์Šต ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํ•™์Šต ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ถ”ํ›„ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๊ต์œก ์ปค๋ฆฌํ˜๋Ÿผ์— ํ™•๋Œ€ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.With the development of mobile technology, mobile learning is being adopted to nursing education field rapidly. A Mobile-based Test (MBT) is a method where one can evaluate students' learning results by using mobile devices (PDAs, Mobile Phones, Tablets). This has emerged as a new method of evaluation which complements the limitations of existing Paper-based Test (PBT). MBT, which includes items using multimedia, is useful because it can evaluate students' comprehensive nursing competency by reflecting various aspects of the clinical field beyond simply evaluating memorized knowledge. The purpose of this study was to develop a Mobile-based, Multimedia-utilized, Nursing Competency Evaluation System (NCE System) based on the elements of the ARCS learning motivation theory and to investigate its effectiveness. This study was confirmed the effectiveness of the NCE System using a mixed-method design. The effectiveness of the NCE System was quantitatively evaluated by using a randomized controlled post-test design. A qualitative thematic analysis study was conducted using focus group interview to explore the experience of the NCE System with an experimental group. The participants of this study were 60 students in 3rd and 4th grade of a nursing university located in Seoul, Korea. 30 students were assigned randomly and respectively to the experimental group and the control group. Students in the experimental group applied the NCE System and 19 of them participated in focus group interview. Students in the control group used a text-based evaluation system. The quantitative data were analyzed using independent t-test, and the qualitative data were analyzed through a thematic analysis. As shown in the study results, there were no statistically significant difference in nursing competence score between the experimental group and the control group (t=-.996, p=.324). The effectiveness (convenience, advantages, usefulness, satisfaction) of the NCE System was statistically significantly higher the experimental group than the control group (t=-3.295, p=.002). The learning satisfaction of the experimental group was statistically significantly higher than the control group (t=-3.282, p=.002). In qualitative research, participants became aware of the NCE System experience as a new learning content. They evaluated that they could efficiently learn nursing practice that can be used in the field. Furthermore, it was found that the NCE System provided an opportunity to think about nursing practice in a holistic context combining theory and practice. In conclusion, since learning effect of the NCE System and positive learning experience for nursing university students was confirmed, it is expected that it will be applied to the future nursing education curriculum to improve the nursing competency of nursing students.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  4 3. ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ์ •์˜ 5 โ…ก. ๋ฌธํ—Œ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 8 1. ์ •๋ณดํ™” ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์‹ 8 2. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๊ต์œก์—์„œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ํ•™์Šต 11 3. ์ž„์ƒ์‹ค๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•ต์‹ฌ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ 15 4. ์„ฑ์ธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™ ๊ต์œก์˜ ํ•™์Šต๋ชฉํ‘œ 18 โ…ข. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 21 1. ARCS ํ•™์Šต๋™๊ธฐ ์ด๋ก  21 2. ์ž…์ฒด์  ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ต์œก ํ‹€ 24 3. Bloom์˜ ๊ต์œก๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•™ 25 4. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์  ๊ธฐํ‹€ 27 5. ์–‘์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ€์„ค 29 โ…ฃ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 30 1. ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(NCE System)์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 30 1) ๋ฌธํ•ญ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 30 (1) ARCS ํ•™์Šต๋™๊ธฐ ์ด๋ก  30 (2) ์ž…์ฒด์  ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ต์œก ํ‹€ 32 (3) ์„ฑ์ธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™ ํ•™์Šต๋ชฉํ‘œ 33 (4) Bloom์˜ ๊ต์œก๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•™ 36 (5) ๋ฌธํ•ญ ๋‚œ์ด๋„ 37 2) ๋ฌธํ•ญ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ํƒ€๋‹น๋„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 37 3) ๋ฌธํ•ญ ํƒ‘์žฌ 38 2. NCE System์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 39 1) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ 39 2) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ค‘์žฌ์˜ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ™”์™€ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘์‹œ์  40 3) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ 41 4) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ 43 5) ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 46 6) ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 49 7) ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๊ณ ๋ ค 51 โ…ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 53 1. NCE System์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 53 1) ๋ฌธํ•ญ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 53 2) ARCS ํ•™์Šต๋™๊ธฐ ์ด๋ก  55 3) Bloom์˜ ๊ต์œก๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•™ 58 4) ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 62 2. NCE System์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 64 1) ์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ํšจ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 64 2) ์ •์„ฑ์  ํšจ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 68 โ…ฅ. ๋…ผ์˜ 82 1. NCE System์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 82 2. NCE System์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 86 3.๋””์ง€ํ„ธ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๊ต์œก 92 โ…ฆ. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 97 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 100 ๋ถ€๋ก 122๋ฐ•

    ๋น„์ƒ‰๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ชจ์ž๊ฐ„ ์šฐ์‹ ํ™œ์„ฑ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ

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    ์น˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™/์„์‚ฌ์ƒํƒœ์  ์น˜ํƒœ ๊ฐ€์„ค์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์น˜์•„ ์šฐ์‹ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ณผ์ •์€ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ• ๋‚ด ์ „์ฒด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•œ ์ตœ์ข… ์œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฐ์˜ ์–‘๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„์ƒ‰๋ฒ•์€ ์น˜ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ์ตœ์ข… ์œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฐ์˜ ์–‘์„ pH ์ง€์‹œ์•ฝ์„ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ์šฐ์‹ ํ™œ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋น„์ƒ‰๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์šฐ์‹ ํ™œ์„ฑ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ์ ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํŠนํžˆ ๋ชจ์ž๊ฐ„ ์šฐ์‹ ํ™œ์„ฑ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋น„์ƒ‰๋ฒ•์ธ Cariview๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์šฐ์‹ ํ™œ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชจ์ž๊ฐ„ ์šฐ์‹ ํ™œ์„ฑ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํŠน์ • ์„ธ๊ท  ๋ฐฐ์–‘๋ฒ•์ธ CRT bacteria ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋งŒ 6์„ธ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด-์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ 34์Œ(์ด 68๋ช…)์ด ์‚ฌ์ „ ๋™์˜ ํ•˜์— ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ค๋ฌธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ• ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ํ›„ ์šฐ์‹ ํ™œ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ธ Cariview์™€ CRT bacteria ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” Pearson correlation test, Spearman correlation test, Fisherโ€™s exact test ๋ฐ Mann-Whitney U test๋กœ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์œ ์˜์ˆ˜์ค€์€ 0.05๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ Cariview ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์˜ ์šฐ์‹๊ฒฝํ—˜์œ ์น˜์ˆ˜(dft)์™€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๊ณ (r=0.598, p0.05). Cariview ๋น„์ƒ‰๋ฒ•์€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์˜ ์น˜์•„ ์šฐ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ๋ฐ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์น˜์•„ ์šฐ์‹ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์‹œํ–‰ ๋˜ํ•œ ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์†Œ์•„์น˜๊ณผ์—์„œ ์šฐ์‹ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ์ „๋žต์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ž„์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ๋ชจ์ž๊ฐ„ ์šฐ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ๋ฐ ์šฐ์‹ ํ™œ์„ฑ์˜ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋†’์€ ์˜ยท์œ ์•„ ๋ณด์œก ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ด์šฉ๋ฅ  ์ถ”์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„ ์‹คํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ง„ํ–‰์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง„๋‹ค.ope

    Return predictability of sales seasonality

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ฒฝ์˜๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2021. 2. ๊น€์ •์šฑ.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋งค์ถœ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์„ฑ์ด ์ฃผ์‹ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํˆฌ์žํ™œ๋™, ์žฌ๋ฌดํ™œ๋™ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํˆฌ์ž์ž ๊ด€์‹ฌ ๋“ฑ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ ์œ ๊ฐ€์ฆ๊ถŒ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ฆ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋งค์ถœ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฃผ์‹์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์† ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋˜ํ•œ ์งง๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋งค์ถœ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฃผ์‹์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์˜ ์Œ(-)์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ˜•์ฃผ ์œ„์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์ œ์กฐ์—…, ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—…, ์œ ํ†ต์—…์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ด€์ธก๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์ถœ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์„ฑ ํ˜„์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์›์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํˆฌ์žํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ๋งค์ถœ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์„ฑ์€ ์–‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋งค์ถœ์ด ๋†’์€ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์— ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋งค์ถœ์ด ๋†’์€ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ๊ณผ ํˆฌ์žํ™œ๋™์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์„ ์ผ๋ถ€ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์žฌ๋ฌดํ™œ๋™์€ ๋งค์ถœ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํŠน์ง•์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์ถœ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํˆฌ์ž์ž ๊ด€์‹ฌ์€ ์–‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์–ด ๋งค์ถœ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์‹œ์ฆŒ์— ํˆฌ์ž์ž ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ณ , ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์„ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.This paper examines whether sales seasonality predicts stock returns and analyzes possible channels for this occurrence in three different aspects : corporate investment, leverage, and investorsโ€™ attention. The empirical analysis of Korean stock market demonstrates a weak negative relations between seasonality and stock returns. This phenomenon of counter-seasonal stock returns is shown in manufacturing, service, and distribution industries. While investment has positive linear association with sales seasonality, leverage has no association. Also, investorsโ€™ attention is low during low seasons, which leads to higher returns.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก  7 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋ฃŒ 7 2. ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ†ต๊ณ„ 7 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ๋งค์ถœ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฃผ์‹์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ  ์˜ˆ์ธก๋ ฅ ๋ถ„์„ 11 1. ๋งค์ถœ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์„ฑ์˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํ˜„์ƒ 11 2. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋งค์ถœ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์„ฑ์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ  ์˜ˆ์ธก๋ ฅ 13 3. ๋งค์ถœ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ„ํ—˜์กฐ์ •์ดˆ๊ณผ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ  15 4. ๋งค์ถœ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์„ฑ ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 21 5. Fama and MacBeth ํšก๋‹จ๋ฉด ๋ถ„์„ 23 6. ์‚ฐ์—…๋ณ„ ๋งค์ถœ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ 26 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ๋งค์ถœ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์„ฑ ํ˜„์ƒ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์š”์ธ 28 1. ๊ธฐ์—… ํˆฌ์ž ๋ฐ ์žฌ๋ฌดํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ๋งค์ถœ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 28 2. ํˆฌ์ž์ž ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ๋งค์ถœ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 31 3. ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋งค์ถœ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 34 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  37 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 45 Abstract 47Maste

    Development, Application of Mobile-based, Multimedia-utilized, Nursing Competency Evaluation System for Nursing Students

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ, 2022.2. ์„œ์€์˜.๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๋Ÿฌ๋‹(m-learning)์ด ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๊ต์œกํ˜„์žฅ์—๋„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋„์ž…๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€(MBT: Mobile-based Test)๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ(PDAs, Mobile phones, Tablets)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ํ•™์Šต ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ง€ํ•„๊ณ ์‚ฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋ฐœ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ํ•™์Šต์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ต์œก์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ•™์Šต์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์–ด ๊ต์œกํ˜„์žฅ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋˜, ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์— ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” MBT๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์•”๊ธฐํ˜• ์ง€์‹์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„ˆ๋จธ ์ž„์ƒ ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์  ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•™์Šต๋™๊ธฐ ์ด๋ก (ARCS)์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(Mobile-based, Multimedia-utilized, Nursing Competency Evaluation System, ์ดํ•˜ NCE System)์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹œํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž…์ฒด์  ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ต์œก ํ‹€(3D nursing simulation education framework)์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ฑ์ธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™ ๋‚ด์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ž„์ƒ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” 40๋ฌธํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ NCE System์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ NCE System์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ์‚ฌํ›„ ์‹คํ—˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ NCE System์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ •์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” NCE System์˜ ํ•™์Šต ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํฌ์ปค์Šค ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋ฉด๋‹ด์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” ์„œ์šธ ์†Œ์žฌ ์ผ๊ฐœ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋Œ€ํ•™ 3, 4ํ•™๋…„ ํ•™์ƒ 60๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๊ฐ๊ฐ 30๋ช…์”ฉ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ ๋ฐฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์— ์†ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ NCE System์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์ค‘ 19๋ช…์€ ํฌ์ปค์Šค ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋ฉด๋‹ด์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ์†ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ NCE System ๋ฌธํ•ญ๊ณผ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋™์ผํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๋งŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์–‘์  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” independent t-test๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์งˆ์  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, NCE System์˜ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ๊ฐ„ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค(t=-.996, p=.324). NCE System์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ(ํŽธ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ, ์ด์ , ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ, ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„)์€ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์ด ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค(t=-3.295, p=.002). ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ NCE System์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ํ•™์Šต๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค(t=-3.282, p=.002). ์งˆ์  ์ฃผ์ œ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์€ NCE System ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•™์Šต ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‹ค๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•™์Šตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, NCE System์ด ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์‹ค์Šต์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ ์ด์ฒด์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‹ค๋ฌด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(NCE System)์˜ ํ•™์Šต ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํ•™์Šต ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ถ”ํ›„ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๊ต์œก ์ปค๋ฆฌํ˜๋Ÿผ์— ํ™•๋Œ€ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.With the development of mobile technology, mobile learning is being adopted to nursing education field rapidly. A Mobile-based Test (MBT) is a method where one can evaluate students' learning results by using mobile devices (PDAs, Mobile Phones, Tablets). This has emerged as a new method of evaluation which complements the limitations of existing Paper-based Test (PBT). MBT, which includes items using multimedia, is useful because it can evaluate students' comprehensive nursing competency by reflecting various aspects of the clinical field beyond simply evaluating memorized knowledge. The purpose of this study was to develop a Mobile-based, Multimedia-utilized, Nursing Competency Evaluation System (NCE System) based on the elements of the ARCS learning motivation theory and to investigate its effectiveness. This study was confirmed the effectiveness of the NCE System using a mixed-method design. The effectiveness of the NCE System was quantitatively evaluated by using a randomized controlled post-test design. A qualitative thematic analysis study was conducted using focus group interview to explore the experience of the NCE System with an experimental group. The participants of this study were 60 students in 3rd and 4th grade of a nursing university located in Seoul, Korea. 30 students were assigned randomly and respectively to the experimental group and the control group. Students in the experimental group applied the NCE System and 19 of them participated in focus group interview. Students in the control group used a text-based evaluation system. The quantitative data were analyzed using independent t-test, and the qualitative data were analyzed through a thematic analysis. As shown in the study results, there were no statistically significant difference in nursing competence score between the experimental group and the control group (t=-.996, p=.324). The effectiveness (convenience, advantages, usefulness, satisfaction) of the NCE System was statistically significantly higher the experimental group than the control group (t=-3.295, p=.002). The learning satisfaction of the experimental group was statistically significantly higher than the control group (t=-3.282, p=.002). In qualitative research, participants became aware of the NCE System experience as a new learning content. They evaluated that they could efficiently learn nursing practice that can be used in the field. Furthermore, it was found that the NCE System provided an opportunity to think about nursing practice in a holistic context combining theory and practice. In conclusion, since learning effect of the NCE System and positive learning experience for nursing university students was confirmed, it is expected that it will be applied to the future nursing education curriculum to improve the nursing competency of nursing students.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  4 3. ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ์ •์˜ 5 โ…ก. ๋ฌธํ—Œ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 8 1. ์ •๋ณดํ™” ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์‹ 8 2. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๊ต์œก์—์„œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ํ•™์Šต 11 3. ์ž„์ƒ์‹ค๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•ต์‹ฌ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ 15 4. ์„ฑ์ธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™ ๊ต์œก์˜ ํ•™์Šต๋ชฉํ‘œ 18 โ…ข. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 21 1. ARCS ํ•™์Šต๋™๊ธฐ ์ด๋ก  21 2. ์ž…์ฒด์  ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ต์œก ํ‹€ 24 3. Bloom์˜ ๊ต์œก๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•™ 25 4. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์  ๊ธฐํ‹€ 27 5. ์–‘์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ€์„ค 29 โ…ฃ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 30 1. ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(NCE System)์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 30 1) ๋ฌธํ•ญ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 30 (1) ARCS ํ•™์Šต๋™๊ธฐ ์ด๋ก  30 (2) ์ž…์ฒด์  ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ต์œก ํ‹€ 32 (3) ์„ฑ์ธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™ ํ•™์Šต๋ชฉํ‘œ 33 (4) Bloom์˜ ๊ต์œก๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•™ 36 (5) ๋ฌธํ•ญ ๋‚œ์ด๋„ 37 2) ๋ฌธํ•ญ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ํƒ€๋‹น๋„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 37 3) ๋ฌธํ•ญ ํƒ‘์žฌ 38 2. NCE System์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 39 1) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ 39 2) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ค‘์žฌ์˜ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ™”์™€ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘์‹œ์  40 3) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ 41 4) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ 43 5) ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 46 6) ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 49 7) ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๊ณ ๋ ค 51 โ…ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 53 1. NCE System์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 53 1) ๋ฌธํ•ญ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 53 2) ARCS ํ•™์Šต๋™๊ธฐ ์ด๋ก  55 3) Bloom์˜ ๊ต์œก๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•™ 58 4) ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 62 2. NCE System์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 64 1) ์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ํšจ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 64 2) ์ •์„ฑ์  ํšจ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 68 โ…ฅ. ๋…ผ์˜ 82 1. NCE System์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 82 2. NCE System์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 86 3.๋””์ง€ํ„ธ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๊ต์œก 92 โ…ฆ. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 97 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 100 ๋ถ€๋ก 122๋ฐ•

    Conductive polymers, the organic photovoltaic cell comprising the same, and the synthesis thereof

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    ๋ณธ ๋ฐœ๋ช…์€ ์ „๋„์„ฑ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€ ๋ฐ ์ด์˜ ์ œ์กฐ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋ฐœ๋ช…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹ ๊ทœํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์€ ์ข…๋ž˜์˜ ์œ ๊ธฐํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ด‘ํ•™์  ํŠน์ง•๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๋†’์€ ๊ด‘์ „๋ณ€ํ™˜ํšจ์œจ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ, ํ• ๋กœ๊ฒํ™” ์šฉ๋งค ๋ฐ ๋น„ํ• ๋กœ๊ฒํ™” ์šฉ๋งค์— ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์šฉํ•ด๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค
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