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    ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋žŒ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ชฐ์ž…(Flow)๊ฒฝํ—˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ฒด์œก๊ต์œก๊ณผ, 2017. 2. ๊น€์œ ๊ฒธ.์ฐธ์—ฌ์Šคํฌ์ธ ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ํ™œ๋™์ด ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํ–‰๋ณต๊ณผ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์— ๊ธ์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋„๋ฆฌ ๋ฐํ˜€์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด ์น™์„ผํŠธ๋ฏธํ•˜์ด๊ฐ€ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๋ชฐ์ž…(Flow) ์ด๋ก ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ๋ชฐ์ž…(Flow)๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐœ์ธ์€ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ ํ–‰๋ณต์„ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋™์•ˆ ์ˆ˜๋™์  ํ™œ๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜์–ด์˜จ ์Šคํฌ์ธ ๊ด€๋žŒ์ด ๋ชฐ์ž…๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋žŒํ–‰๋™์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„ํ–‰๋ณต์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์  ํ™œ๋™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด TV, ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๋“ฑ ๋งค์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋žŒ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ 320๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ด์ค‘ 288๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ๋Š” Hoffman, Novak and yung(1999), ํ™ฉ์šฉ์„(1998), ๋ฐ•์‹ ์˜(2009), ํ•จํ˜„์ง„(2011)์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜์ •, ๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•˜์—ฌ ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ง€์‹ 4๋ฌธํ•ญ, ๋„์ „ 3๋ฌธํ•ญ, ์ž๊ธฐ ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ 4๋ฌธํ•ญ, ๋ชฐ์ž… 4๋ฌธํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. AMOS 21.0์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™•์ธ์  ์š”์ธ๋ถ„์„(CFA)์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋ธํ•์€ (S-B ฯ‡2/df = 310.358/142 = 2.186 , RMSEA = .064, CFI = .968, SRMR = .046) ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. AVE ๊ฐ’์€ .447 ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ .71๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถ„ํฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐœ๋…์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋Š” .707 ~ .924๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ƒ๊ด€๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ์ œ๊ณฑ์€ AVE ๊ฐ’ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ 1์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์ ๋‹นํ•œ ํŒ๋ณ„ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ•์€ (S-B ฯ‡2/df = 384.508/145 = 2.652 , RMSEA = .069, CFI = .952, SRMR = .069) ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ง€์‹์€ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ(.692), ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ๊ฐ์„ฑ(.544)์— ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค. ๋„์ „์€ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ(-.0228)์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ๊ฐ์„ฑ์—๋Š” ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์€ ๋ชฐ์ž…(.200)์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฐ์„ฑ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ชฐ์ž…(.705)์— ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋žŒ์ด ๋ชฐ์ž…์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ชฐ์ž…์ด๋ก ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ํ‹€์— ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ ์šฉ์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ด€๋žŒ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ชฐ์ž…๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋žŒ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํ–‰๋ณต์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ํ™œ๋™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ฐธ์—ฌ์Šคํฌ์ธ ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด์ „ํ•œ ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ํ™œ๋™์ด์ž ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋žŒ ํ™œ๋™ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ๋ชฐ์ž…๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํ–‰๋ณต์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ง€์‹์ด ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฐ์„ฑ, ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ๋ชฐ์ž…์— ์ •์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ์นœ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ๋„์ „์€ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ชฐ์ž…์— ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์žฌ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ , ๋ชฐ์ž…์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์Šคํฌ์ธ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ง€์‹์ด ์„ ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ด€๋žŒ ์‹œ ๊ด€๋žŒ๊ฐ์ด ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™” ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋•Œ ๊ด€๋žŒ๊ฐ์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ผ์„ ์˜ ๋งˆ์ผ€ํ„ฐ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‹ค์ฆ์  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ทธ ์‹ค๋ฌด์  ์˜์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 3 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 5 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 6 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋ชฐ์ž…(Flow) 6 1. ๋ชฐ์ž…์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 6 2. ๋ชฐ์ž…์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ 14 3. ๋ชฐ์ž… ํ˜•์„ฑ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด 17 4. ๋ชฐ์ž…์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 19 5. ๋ชฐ์ž…์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์  ํŠน์„ฑ 21 6. ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ 22 7. ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋žŒ๋ชฐ์ž…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 30 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ 31 1. ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 31 2. ๋ชฐ์ž…๊ณผ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ 32 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์„ค 33 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• 33 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ€์„ค 34 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 36 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ์ž๋ฃŒํ‘œ์ง‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 36 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋„๊ตฌ 39 1. ๋ชฐ์ž…์˜ ์„ ํ–‰๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 39 2. ๋ชฐ์ž…์˜ ์ธก์ • 43 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 44 1. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ถ„์„ 44 2. ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋ถ„์„ 44 3. ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ ๋ชจํ˜• 44 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 46 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ 46 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 47 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ํ™•์ธ์  ์š”์ธ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ํƒ€๋‹น๋„ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 48 1. ํ™•์ธ์  ์š”์ธ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 48 2. ํƒ€๋‹น๋„ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 51 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ 52 1. ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ ํ•ฉ๋„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 52 2. ๊ฐ€์„ค๊ฒ€์ฆ 54 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๋…ผ์˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  57 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋…ผ์˜ 57 1. ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  57 2. ์‹ค๋ฌด์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  58 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 60 1. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  60 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ œํ•œ์  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 61 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 62 ๋ถ€๋ก 69 Abstract 74Maste

    A Study on Sustainable Fashion Runway of Ethical Fashion Brands

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    ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์ทจ๊ฐœ๋…ํ™•์žฅ : ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์ทจ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ฐ•์ ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ฒด์œก๊ต์œก๊ณผ,๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ์Šคํฌ์ธ ๋งค๋‹ˆ์ง€๋จผํŠธ์ „๊ณต, 2022.2. ๊น€์œ ๊ฒธ.์‚ฌํšŒ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ง ํ™•์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ํƒ€์ธ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํƒ€์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋” ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํƒ€์ธ๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž์‹ ์ด ์„ฑ์ทจ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ธ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์ทจ๋Š” ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์‹ค๋ฌด์ , ์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์„ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์ทจ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์  ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์ทจ๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์ • ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์น˜๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ธ์ง€ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํŠน์ • ์ž๊ทน์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฐ์ • ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋งŒ์„ ๊ฐœ๋…์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์ทจ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฐ์—…์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์ทจ๋Š” ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ํŒฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ๊ด€๋žŒ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ•˜์œ„ ๋ณ€์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์™”๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„ฑ์ทจ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์  ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ๋งŒ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์Œ์ด๋ก  (Doherty, 2009), ๋„๋•์ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ด๋ก  (Hoffman, 2000), ๊ณต๊ฐ (Wondra & Ellsworth, 2015; Zaki, 2014), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ†ต์ œ-๊ฐ€์น˜์ด๋ก  (Pekrun et al., 2006) ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์„ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด, ์„ฑ์ทจ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์ทจ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ํฌ๊ด„์  ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์ทจ์˜ ๊ฐ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ํŒฌ์˜ ๊ฐ•์ ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ™•์žฅ๊ตฌ์ถ•์ด๋ก  (Fredrickson, 1998)์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์ทจ์˜ ์„ฑ์ทจ๊ฐ์ •, ์„ฑ์ทจ๊ธฐ์–ต, ์„ฑ์ทจ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ด ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๊ฐ•์ ์— ๊ธ์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ฐ•์ ์„ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ํƒœ๋„, ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์ž์•„๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ•์ , ํ™œ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ•์ , ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ง€ํ–ฅ๊ฐ•์ ์„ ํฌ๊ด„ํ•˜๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋…ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ ๊ฐ•์ ์ด ๊ฐ ํ•˜์œ„ ๊ฐ•์ ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ํฌ๊ด„์  ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž์•„๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ•์  (Self-esteem, Self-efficacy, Resilience), ํ™œ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ•์  (Flow, Vitality, Commitment), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ง€ํ–ฅ๊ฐ•์  (Hope, Optimism, Self-control)์ด ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์ทจ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์œค๋ฆฌ์œ„์›ํšŒ์˜ ์Šน์ธ์„ ์–ป์–ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค (#2107/003-011). ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธํ•ญ์„ ์ • ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์ •, ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ํšŒ์˜, ์‚ฌ์ „์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์ œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธก์ •๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ด 98๋ฌธํ•ญ ์ค‘ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธํ•ญ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—…์ฒด์ธ ๋งˆํฌ๋กœ๋ฐ€ ์— ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด 634๋ช…์˜ ์Šคํฌ์ธ ํŒฌ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธก์ •๋ชจํ˜• ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ค€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” CB-SEM (Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modeling)๊ณผ PLS-SEM (Partial Least Square Structrual Equation Modeling)์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‘ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜•์ ํ•ฉ๋„์™€ ๋‚ด์ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ, ๊ตฌ์„ฑํƒ€๋‹น๋„, ํŒ๋ณ„ํƒ€๋‹น๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์„ค๊ฒ€์ฆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ๋…ํ™”๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์ทจ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™•์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š”๋ฐ ํฐ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•์ ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ง€์–ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์ทจ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์ทจ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ›„์†์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ๊ด€๋žŒ์˜ ๊ธ์ •์  ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ด๋ก ์ , ์‹ค๋ฌด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.Due to the expansion of the social network, we are living a life connected to others more than ever. As a result of social change, we now require greater research on how we are influenced by others. Vicarious achievement, a phenomenon in which one experiences achievement through connection with others, has received a lot of attention practically and theoretically in the field of sport management. However, a literature review shows that there is still room for growing up. First, a conceptual discussion of vicarious achievement is needed. In the previous studies, almost all studies have focused on phenomena rather than concepts. Second, the vicarious achievement was simply regarded as an emotional state that was experienced momentarily. However, there is a limit to conceptually reflecting only emotional experiences caused by specific stimuli in the cognitive process. Third, all the results of vicarious achievement were related to spectating motivation. The vicarious achievement has been used as a sub-domain explaining sports fans' motivation to watch the game. As a result, it has a shortcoming in that it was utilized solely from an industrial point of view rather than representing a positive sense of achievement. This study reviewed literature in various fields such as the theory of mind (Doherty, 2009), moral development theory (Hoffman, 2000), empathy (Wonra & Ellsworth, 2015; Zaki, 2014), and control-value theory (Pekrun et al., 2006). It was verified as a result of this that achievement is not simply a present experience but also one that encompasses both the past and the future. It was confirmed that vicarious achievement can be utilized as a broad concept to explain a variety of subjects. Finally, the study looked into how the sub-domain of vicarious achievement affects the sport fan's personal strengths. It was assumed that achievement emotion, achievement memory, and achievement simulation of vicarious achievement could have a positive effect on personal strengths based on the Broaden and build theory (Fredrickson, 1998). Personal strengths were defined as capabilities, attitudes, and states that contribute to a person's overall quality of life. This was conceptualized as a term encompassing ego-based strengths, activity-based strengths, and future-oriented strengths. Each strength was thought to be an umbrella term that contained all sub-strengths. Finally, in this study, vicarious achievement positively affects ego-based strengths (Self-esteem, Self-efficiency, and Resilience), activity-based strengths (Flow, Vitality, and Commitment), and future-oriented strengths (Self-control, Hope, and Optimism). The study was conducted with the approval of the Seoul National University Institutional Review Board (#2107/003-011). Item selection and modification, expert review, and a pilot study were all milestones in the development of the survey instrument. The validity of the measurement model was verified using structural equation modeling. At this point, the invalid question was removed from the total of 98 questions, and the main study was carried out. This survey was conducted on a total of 634 sports fans through Macromill Embrain, a survey company. This study utilized both CB-SEM (Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modeling) and PLS-SEM (Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling). As a result, it was judged that both analysis methods had a suitable model fit, internal consistency, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Hypotheses testing revealed that all of the proposed hypotheses were statistically significant. This study is noteworthy because it organized and expanded on the concept of vicarious achievement, which has gotten a lot of attention in the field of sport management but has yet to be adequately defined. In addition, this was explained in the relationship between the vicarious achievement and personal strengths that help individuals achieve their goals. The limits of vicarious achievement research have been largely supplemented by the research findings. These results contributed theoretically and practically by presenting specific grounds for the positive effects of sports viewing and follow-up studies on vicarious achievement.LIST OF TABLES 5 LIST OF FIGURES 7 ABSTRACT 8 1 INTRODUCTION 11 Study Background 11 Significance of the Study 13 Purpose of the Study 17 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 21 Vicarious Achievement Research in Sport Management 21 How is Human Affected by Others 23 Is It Possible to Control the Effects of Others 33 The Control-Value theory of Achievement Emotions 36 Vicarious Achievement Emotions 41 Factor Affecting Vicarious Achievement 44 Defining Vicarious Achievement Emotions 48 Extending Vicarious Achievement 52 Defining Extended Vicarious Achievement 69 Predictive Value of Extended Vicarious Achievement 75 3 HYPOTHESES DEVELOPMENT 95 Vicarious achievement and Ego-Based strengths 95 Vicarious achievement and Activity-Based strengths 97 Vicarious achievement and Future-Oriented strengths 99 4 METHODS 103 Instrumentation 103 Pilot Study 108 Main Study 111 5 RESULTS 126 Descriptive Statistics 126 Covariance Based Structural Equation Modeling 128 Partial Least Square Equation Modeling 130 6 DISCUSSION 168 Defining Vicarious Achievement 168 Relationship Between Vicarious Achievement and Personal Strengths 169 Validation of the Measures 170 Implication of the Research 173 Limitations and Future Directions 177 LIST OF REFERENCES 180๋ฐ•
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