도로와 도시철도 접근성이 주택가격에 미치는 영향

학위논문(석사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 농업생명과학대학 농경제사회학부(지역정보학전공), 2021.8. 김의준.This study analyzed the effect of employment centers’ accessibility level on housing prices, focusing specifically on the road and urban railroad network layout in Seoul. Using 2019 housing transaction data from the city of Seoul and the city’s transportation networks to measure gravity-based accessibility, I estimated the housing price functions for three general categories of housing lot size. The analysis reveals that greater transportation network accessibility to multiple business districts positively affects housing prices, and the road and railway accessibility elasticities were 4.0146 and 0.8385, respectively. Moreover, we found that the impact of road accessibility on housing prices was larger than that of railway accessibility, regardless of housing lot size. However, the impact of railway accessibility was relatively higher for small- and medium-sized houses than for large houses, and road accessibility was a more prominent price-determining factor for large houses, which may be due to the relationship between residents' commuting preferences and the size of their residences. In addition, we found a complementary relationship between accessibility to the business district by road and railway, implying that demand for different means of commuting exists. Meanwhile, despite controlling for accessibility to the workplace, it was determined that the relationship between distance to the Gangnam business district in Seoul and housing price was significantly negative, suggesting that the Gangnam business district plays an important role in providing urban amenities. Lastly, it was predicted that house prices would change if urban railway accessibility was improved and found housing price disparities between and within five areas in Seoul based on the scenarios of different railway lines’ development. Therefore, policymakers and urban planners must also consider these impacts on the housing market when developing transportation networks. Additionally, they must address different household characteristics and how they are related to different transportation mode preferences when implementing housing market policies in order to improve accessibility when developing transportation networks.본 연구의 목적은 서울의 도로망과 도시철도망을 이용하여 다지역 고용지에 대한 접근성이 주택가격에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 서울의 2019년 ‘부동산 실거래가 데이터’와 도로망과 철도망 지리정보데이터를 활용하여 중력기반 접근성을 측정하고, 주택규모를 소형, 중형, 대형 3개로 나누어 주택규모별 주택가격함수를 추정하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 주택가격에 대한 도로 접근성 탄력성은 4.0146, 철도 접근성 탄력성은 0.8385로, 다지역 고용지에 대한 도시와 도시철도 접근성이 주택가격에 긍정적으로 영향을 미쳤다. 주택규모에 관계없이 도로 접근성이 도시철도 접근성보다 주택가격에 미치는 영향력이 더 컸다. 그러나 소형주택과 중형주택에서는 도시철도 접근성이 주택가격에 미치는 영향이 대형 주택에 비해 상대적으로 큰 반면에 대형 주택에서는 도로 접근성이 주택가격에 미치는 영향이 두드러졌다. 이는 주택규모에 따라 거주자의 경제적 특성이 상이하여 교통수단 선호도가 달라지고, 교통수단에 대한 다른 선호가 주택가격에 다르게 반영됨을 보여준다. 또한, 도로와 도시철도 접근성은 상호대체적 관계가 아닌 상호보완적인 관계를 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 서울의 3개 도심 중 강남 도심권 변수는 접근성 변수를 통제하였음에도 불구하고 음의 값으로 유의하게 나타났는데, 이는 강남 도심권이 일자리 제공뿐만 아니라 도시의 편의시설 제공에 중요한 역할을 하고 있음을 시사한다. 마지막으로, 도시철도망 접근성을 개선하였을 때 집값을 예측한 결과, 서울의 5개 권역간 및 권역내의 주택가격 격차는 개발되는 철도 노선에 따라서 다르게 나타났다. 결과를 종합한 본 연구의 정책적 함의는 다음과 같다. 공공부문과 도시계획자는 교통망을 개발할 때, 해당 교통망 개발이 주택가격 격차 및 안정화와 관련하여 주택시장에 미치는 상이한 영향을 고려해야 한다. 더욱이, 교통망 개발에 의한 접근성 향상을 바탕으로 특정 계층의 사람들을 위한 주택시장 정책을 추진할 때, 주택규모에 따라 달리질 수 있는 교통수단 선호와 관련된 가구별 특성을 고려할 필요가 있다.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 Chapter 2. Literature Review 3 2.1. Theoretical Background 3 2.2. Empirical Studies 6 2.3. Summary 14 Chapter 3. Analysis 17 3.1. Methodology 17 3.2. Data 20 3.3. Variables 22 3.4. Results 26 3.5. Simulations 39 Chapter 4. Conclusion 44 Bibliography 47 Abstract in Korean 54석

An Estimation on the Economic Value of Emergency Medical Facilities

We consider the economic value of emergency medical facilities. An emergency medical facility affects the medical environments in a community, and thus the social demand on the facility increases as the demand of qualified public health service increases.Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 응급의료시설의 경제적 가치 추정방법 Ⅲ. 응급병상 증가가 응급사망률에 미치는 한계효과 Ⅳ. 응급사망비용 추정 Ⅴ. 응급의료시설의 경제적 가치 추정 사례 Ⅵ. 요약 및 정책 시사

A Study on the Verification of KOREA-US FTA(Focused on Textile and Apparel)

Korean economy has developed with the textile and apparel industries, which are traditionally labor-intensive industry. The Korean textile industry has led Korean economy in the era of multilateral trade agreement, which worked as a protective barrier of developed countries, when the first and second oil shock hit the world in the 1970s. However, it has declined since the 1980s when the developed countries' policies to protect the textile & clothing industry was implemented. As the Uruguay Round was ended in the 1990s, which led to WTO in 1995, the countries with low wages like China, Vietnam and India made a rapid economic growth in accordance with the liberalization of the textile industry. Therefore, this has put Korean textile and apparel industries in more difficult situations. After the agreement of Korea-Chile FTA in 2004, Korean textile industry has begun to revitalize. So Korea has continued to build FTAs with economic blocs like ASEAN and EFTA. By establishing FTAs with highly advanced economic blocs including the EU and US, Korea can expand its trading scale throughout the world. In particular, FTAs with the EU and US has given Korea an opportunity to increase its market share in local market and to explore new market. In a meantime, Korean textile and apparel industries have faced a tough time due to China, which led the market with lower price. However, the industries have gained competitiveness through higher quality and higher functional textile and apparel products after the establishment of FTAs. Since 1990s, the U.S. has concluded FTAs with various countries around the world as a way of forming economic blocks just like NAFTA. The common character of FTAs promoted by the US, is that the rule of origin is strictly regulated in terms of textile and apparel products in order to protect its own textile industry. In other words, the US has imposed the relevant regulation by visiting and verifying manufacturing plant directly to block a variety of illegality with regard to the origin of textile and apparel. As of March 2013, via the Korea-US FTA, Korean textile industry has established a foothold to enter the US market although Korean textile and apparel manufacturing industries have faced a stagnant growth in the past. So the FTA is expected to play a role as a driving force for the industries to revive when tariff levied on the textile and apparel products is immediately eliminated. The application ratio of the Korea-US FTA has also reached over 70 percent. Currently, the US is persistently carrying out a certificate process on the textile and apparel products imported from the neighboring countries by comparing with NAFTA. Accordingly, it can be a problem for Korean textile and apparel industries to expand its exports without any prior knowledge even though we have a privilege of preferential tariff. In this regard, this study seeks to investigate the roles of Korea Customs Service (KCS), which implements administration work for verification, and Korea Federation of Textile Industries (KOFOTI), which manages the textile manufacturer information. Based on the examination on two organizations, this study will ultimately find out certain and effective measures to respond to the US government's verification by conducting a research on the verification field concerning textile and apparel products specified in the Korea-U.S. FTA.제 1 장 서론 제 1 절 연구 배경 및 목적 1 제 2 절 연구의 범위와 방법 3 제 3 절 연구의 구성 4 제 2 장 다자간 섬유협정(Multi-Fiber Arrangement)과 세계 섬유산업 제 1 절 MFA 협정의 역사 6 1. 세계 섬유 산업의 현황 6 2. MFA 협정 배경 9 3. MFA 협정 체결 과정 12 제 2 절 MFA 협정과 한국 섬유산업 16 1. MFA 협정 내용 16 2. 한국섬유산업에 대한 영향 18 제 3 장 한미 FTA와 섬유분야 제 1 절 한미 섬유산업 비교 27 1. 한국 섬유산업의 현황 27 2. 미국 섬유산업의 현황 31 제 2 절 한미 FTA 협정 체결 과정 34 1. 한미 FTA 배경 34 2. 한미 FTA 내용: 섬유분야 35 제 3 절 한-미 FTA와 섬유산업 변화 46 1. 한미 FTA 발효 후 대미 수출 동향 46 2. 한미 FTA 발효 후 대미 수출 증가 품목 동향 57 제 4 장 한미 FTA의 원산지 검증 제 1 절 FTA 원산지 증명 62 1. 원산지 증명의 의의 62 2. FTA 협정별 원산지 증명 비교 67 3. 한-미 FTA 원산지 증명 절차 72 제 2 절 한-미 FTA 검증: 섬유분야 73 1. 검증의 의의 73 2. 검증의 종류ㆍ특성ㆍ현황 74 3. 한-미 검증 방법 비교 83 4. 미국의 해외 검증 사례 87 제 5 장 한-미 FTA 검증의 효율적 대응방안 제 1 절 한-미 FTA 검증의 취약성 94 1. 원산지 직접 검증 경험 부족 94 2. 원산지 결정기준의 복잡성 96 3. 외부 정보 수집의 비대칭성 97 제 2 절 한-미 FTA 검증의 효율적 대응 방안 98 1. 내부 검증 능력 제고 프로그램 마련 98 2. 수출 급증 품목 업체 지원 100 3. 유관기관과의 공조 확대 102 제 6 장 결론 제 1 절 연구의 결과 요약 104 제 2 절 연구의 한계와 향후 과제 10

A Study on the Standard Land Price and Just Compensation

Based on the spatial and land price data of innovation cities and their periphery areas in Korea, this study examines the degree and timing of changes in land price in relation to projects concerning innovation city. The study result confirms that the curⅠ. 서 론 　Ⅱ. 혁신도시사업의 개요 Ⅲ. 분석 모형 및 자료 설명 Ⅳ. 실증분석 결과 Ⅴ. 결 론 참고문헌 부

바늘 형태의 소형 열식 유량계 개발

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 기계항공공학부, 2017. 2. 이정훈.Thermal flow sensor which has micro size electrode patterns was made for measuring water flow speed up to 2.3 mm/s. Even though previous studies and industry products show many types of liquid flow sensor, they are limited to flow measurements only in specific closed and huge systems. On the other hand, our needle-shaped compact thermal flow meter can be flexibly applied to various flow environments such as natural fluids, liquid chemicals, and plants due to small body size and external needle application. To predict sensor operation, thermal transport simulation was conducted using COMSOL software, which is based on multi-physics modeling composed of laminar flow, joule heating, and heat transfer in fluids. The model verification work is accomplished as compared to experimental data, and the effect of sensor application condition and better sensor design are also predicted from the simulation analysis. To realize the needle-based flow sensor, various fabrication processes have been used such as oxide and nitride deposition, plasma ashing, wet and dry etching, photolithography, and thin metal film deposition. In addition, deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) fabrication process was also applied to make the needle shape properly. To systemize control and measurement, microprocessor-based experimental platform equipped with a voltage regulator and an amplifier was made, and the sensor verification work is well conducted from this system. This graduation thesis includes developing procedures of a needle-shaped compact thermal flow meter such as simulation, fabrication, control and measurement system, sensor verification, and application.Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Flow Meter 1 1.2 Thermal Flow Meter 4 1.3 MEMS-based Thermal Flow Meter 6 1.4 New Idea of Needle Application 8 Chapter 2 Simulation 10 2.1 Modeling of Thermal Flow Meter 10 2.2 Prediction of Sensor Operation 12 Chapter 3 Fabrication 16 3.1 Mask Design 16 3.2 Fabrication of Gold Electrode 18 3.3 Fabrication of Needle Shape 20 Chapter 4 Experiment 22 4.1 Control and Measurement System 22 4.2 Analysis Method 23 Chapter 5 Verification 25 5.1 Sensor Verification 25 5.2 Verification of Simulation Model 28 Chapter 6 Conclusion and Future Application 30 References 33 Abstract in Korean (국문초록) 35Maste

Incentive Structures in the Compensation for Public Expropriation

We study incentive structures of public developers and land owners in the process of public expropriations using a sequential game model. In the model, we show that there is an incentive for the public developer to give more compensation than just compensⅠ. 서 론 　Ⅱ. 관련 선행 연구 　Ⅲ. 기본이론모형 　Ⅳ. 피수용자의 반발과 균형보상액 　Ⅴ. 정당보상 달성을 위한 권한위임(Authority Delegation)모형 　Ⅵ. 결 론 　부

Comparison of 3D Volumetric Subtraction Technique and 2D Dynamic Contrast Enhancement Technique in the Evaluation of Contrast Enhancement for Diagnosing Cushing's Disease

Purpose The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of the T1 3D subtraction technique and the conventional 2D dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) technique in diagnosing Cushing's disease. Materials and Methods Twelve patients with clinically and biochemically proven Cushing's disease were included in the study. In addition, 23 patients with a Rathke's cleft cyst (RCC) diagnosed on an MRI with normal pituitary hormone levels were included as a control, to prevent non-blinded positive results. Postcontrast T1 3D fast spin echo (FSE) images were acquired after DCE images in 3T MRI and image subtraction of pre- and postcontrast T1 3D FSE images were performed. Inter-observer agreement, interpretation time, multiobserver receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and net benefit analyses were performed to compare 2D DCE and T1 3D subtraction techniques. Results Inter-observer agreement for a visual scale of contrast enhancement was poor in DCE (κ = 0.57) and good in T1 3D subtraction images (κ = 0.75). The time taken for determining contrast-enhancement in pituitary lesions was significantly shorter in the T1 3D subtraction images compared to the DCE sequence (P < 0.05). ROC values demonstrated increased reader confidence range with T1 3D subtraction images (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94–1.00) compared with DCE (95% CI: 0.70–0.92) (P < 0.01). The net benefit effect of T1 3D subtraction images over DCE was 0.34 (95% CI: 0.12–0.56). For Cushing's disease, both reviewers misclassified one case as a nonenhancing lesion on the DCE images, while no cases were misclassified on T1 3D subtraction images. Conclusion The T1 3D subtraction technique shows superior performance for determining the presence of enhancement on pituitary lesions compared with conventional DCE techniques, which may aid in diagnosing Cushing's disease.ope

Deep-learned 3D black-blood imaging using automatic labelling technique and 3D convolutional neural networks for detecting metastatic brain tumors

Black-blood (BB) imaging is used to complement contrast-enhanced 3D gradient-echo (CE 3D-GRE) imaging for detecting brain metastases, requiring additional scan time. In this study, we proposed deep-learned 3D BB imaging with an auto-labelling technique and 3D convolutional neural networks for brain metastases detection without additional BB scan. Patients were randomly selected for training (29 sets) and testing (36 sets). Two neuroradiologists independently evaluated deep-learned and original BB images, assessing the degree of blood vessel suppression and lesion conspicuity. Vessel signals were effectively suppressed in all patients. The figure of merits, which indicate the diagnostic performance of radiologists, were 0.9708 with deep-learned BB and 0.9437 with original BB imaging, suggesting that the deep-learned BB imaging is highly comparable to the original BB imaging (difference was not significant; p = 0.2142). In per patient analysis, sensitivities were 100% for both deep-learned and original BB imaging; however, the original BB imaging indicated false positive results for two patients. In per lesion analysis, sensitivities were 90.3% for deep-learned and 100% for original BB images. There were eight false positive lesions on the original BB imaging but only one on the deep-learned BB imaging. Deep-learned 3D BB imaging can be effective for brain metastases detection.ope

Contrast-Enhanced CT with Knowledge-Based Iterative Model Reconstruction for the Evaluation of Parotid Gland Tumors: A Feasibility Study

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic utility of low-dose CT with knowledge-based iterative model reconstruction (IMR) for the evaluation of parotid gland tumors. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 42 consecutive patients who had undergone low-dose contrast-enhanced CT for the evaluation of suspected parotid gland tumors. Prior or subsequent non-low-dose CT scans within 12 months were available in 10 of the participants. Background noise (BN), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were compared between non-low-dose CT images and images generated using filtered back projection (FBP), hybrid iterative reconstruction (iDose4; Philips Healthcare), and knowledge-based IMR. Subjective image quality was rated by two radiologists using five-point grading scales to assess the overall image quality, delineation of lesion contour, image sharpness, and noise. Results: With the IMR algorithm, background noise (IMR, 4.24 ± 3.77; iDose4, 8.77 ± 3.85; FBP, 11.73 ± 4.06; p = 0.037 [IMR vs. iDose4] and p < 0.001 [IMR vs. FBP]) was significantly lower and SNR (IMR, 23.93 ± 7.49; iDose4, 10.20 ± 3.29; FBP, 7.33 ± 2.03; p = 0.011 [IMR vs. iDose4] and p < 0.001 [IMR vs. FBP]) was significantly higher compared with the other two algorithms. The CNR was also significantly higher with the IMR compared with the FBP (25.76 ± 11.88 vs. 9.02 ± 3.18, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in BN, SNR, and CNR between low-dose CT with the IMR algorithm and non-low-dose CT. Subjective image analysis revealed that IMR-generated low-dose CT images showed significantly better overall image quality and delineation of lesion contour with lesser noise, compared with those generated using FBP by both reviewers 1 and 2 (4 vs. 3; 4 vs. 3; and 3-4 vs. 2; p < 0.05 for all pairs), although there was no significant difference in subjective image quality scores between IMR-generated low-dose CT and non-low-dose CT images. Conclusion: Iterative model reconstruction-generated low-dose CT is an alternative to standard non-low-dose CT without significantly affecting image quality for the evaluation of parotid gland tumors.ope

A 4-year-old girl presenting with facial palsy, found to have increased delta neutrophil index, and diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia with extramedullary infiltration

Although Bell’s palsy is the most common cause of facial palsy in children, some cases have potentially fatal causes. We report a rare case of isolated facial palsy in a 4-year-old girl whose diagnosis was acute myeloid leukemia with extramedullary infiltration. The findings of laboratory investigations were nonspecific at presentation except that the delta neutrophil index was 34.5% (reference range, 0%-5%). To avoid hasty diagnosis of Bell’s palsy in children with isolated facial palsy, vigilant differential diagnosis and workup are recommended.ope