154 research outputs found

    ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์ฐฉ๊ฐ ํ‘œํ˜„์˜ ํ•œ๋‘ ์œ ํ˜•: '์•Œ๋‹ค' ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ๊ณผ '๋„ˆ๊ธฐ๋‹ค' ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ์ด ๊ธ€์€ 2012๋…„ 12์›” 17์ผ(์›”)์— ์—ด๋ ธ๋˜ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ธ๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ตญ์–ด๊ตญ๋ฌธํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœํ‘œํšŒ์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ์š”์ง€๋ฌธ์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค

    Hydrogel based ionic devices and fast healing of ionically-crosslinked hydrogel by sonication

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2017. 8. ์„ ์ •์œค.์ตœ๊ทผ ์‹ ์ถ•์„ฑ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ตฌ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋Š” ์ „์ž๊ธฐ๊ธฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธ์ฒด์™€ ์—ฐ๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์ด์Šˆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์ค‘ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํฐ์ด๋‚˜ ํŒจ๋“œ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ „์ž ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹ ์ถ•์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ตฌ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ ์ง€๋Š” ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ํ„ฐ์น˜ํŒจ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ„ฐ์น˜ ํŒจ๋„์€ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€์„œ์ง€๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ „๊ทน์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๊ธฐ์กด ํ„ฐ์น˜ ํŒจ๋„๋กœ๋Š” ์ธ์ฒด์™€ ์—ฐ๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ์ฒด์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” LiCl ์ด์˜จ์„ ํ•จ์œ  ํ•œ Poly acrylamide(PAAm) ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋กœ ์ ค์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ด์˜จ ํ„ฐ์น˜ ํŒจ๋„์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋กœ ์ ค์€ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์™€ ๋ฌผ ์šฉ๋งค์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๋กœ, ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ƒ์ฒด ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ํŠน์„ฑ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์žฅ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋กœ ์ ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋กœ ์ ค์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ด‘๋ฐ›๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋กœ ์ ค์ด ์Šคํ”ผ์ปค, ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ ์„ผ์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฅ์น˜์—๋„ ์ ์šฉ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌํ˜„๋œ ์ด์˜ค๋‹‰ ํ„ฐ์น˜ ํŒจ๋„์€ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ์‹ ์ถ•์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ €ํ•˜ ์—†์ด ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ๊ฒฌ๋”œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ 99 %์˜ ํˆฌ๋ช…๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹ ์ถ•์„ฑ๋„ ์ปค 1000 % ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋†’์€ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์—์„œ๋„ ์ž‘๋™ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ์œ„์— ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ถ™์—ฌ์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ„ฐ์น˜ ํŒจ๋„๋„ ๊ตฌํ˜„์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹จ์–ด ์“ฐ๊ธฐ, ํ”ผ์•„๋…ธ ์—ฐ์ฃผ ๋ฐ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ๋“ฑ์„ ์‹œ์—ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋กœ ์ ค์˜ ์ด์šฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘ PAAm / alginate ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋กœ ์ ค์€ ์‹ ์ถ•์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ์ธ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋กœ ์ ค๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์ ค์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ต ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ, PAAm์˜ ๊ณต์œ  ๊ฐ€๊ต ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ฐ alginate์˜ ์ด์˜จ ๊ฐ€๊ต ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํž˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋˜๋ฉด ์ด์ค‘ ๊ฐ€๊ต ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์‘๋ ฅ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํž˜์ด ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด PAAm ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ํŒŒ๊ดด ์—†์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ด์˜จ ๊ฐ€๊ต ๋œ alginate ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ์ด์˜จ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ด ํŒŒ๊ดด ๋˜์–ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์ ค์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ ค๋ณด๋‹ค ์›”๋“ฑํžˆ ๋†’์€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์ ค์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์Ÿ์  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์„œ์ง„ ์ด์˜จ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์˜ ๋น ๋ฅธ ํšŒ๋ณต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ํ•ด๋ฆฌ ๋œ ์ด์˜จ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต์€ ์—ด ํ™•์‚ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ณต์ •์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฅ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต ๊ณต์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‹จ์ถ•ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†์ƒ๋œ alginate ์ฒด์ธ์˜ ์ด๋™์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์†์ƒ๋œ ์ ค์ด 24 ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‹ค์˜จ์—์„œ ์ธ์„ฑ์˜ 45 %๊ฐ€ ์—ด์ ์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ๋ณต๋œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋Š” 1 ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ธ์„ฑ์„ 72 % ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด์˜จ ๊ฐ€๊ต์ œ ์ธ ์นผ์Š˜ ์ด์˜จ์„ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ํšŒ๋ณต ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๋นจ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถ„์ž ์—ญํ•™ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ (gromacs 16)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฌผ ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ 6 ๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ ๊ฐ€์† ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.1. Introduction 1 1.1 Hydrogel 1 1.2 Ionics 3 1.3 Tough hydrogel and its mechanism. 9 1.4 Touch panel 11 2. Hydrogel based ionic devices - Ionic touch panel 16 2.1 hydrogel panel synthesis 16 2.2 Ionic touch panel system building 18 2.3 Sensing mechanism of ionic touch panel 21 2.4 Result & Discussion 24 2.5 Supplementary data 32 3. Fast healing of ionically crosslinked tough hydrogelbyultrasound 52 3.1 Preparation of the hybrid gel 52 3.2 Mechanical test & healing by sonication 54 3.3 Simulation 55 3.4 Result & Discussion 57 4. Conclusion 70 5. Reference 72Maste

    The Results of Long-term Follow-up of Total Hip Arthroplasty Using Hydroxyapatite-coated Cups

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    PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to report the long-term outcome and the failure mechanism of cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) using hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated acetabular cup. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1992 to May 1994, a total of 123 consecutive cementless primary THAs were performed using a HA-coated acetabular cup with metal-on-polyethylene articulation. We retrospectively evaluated 66 hips available for follow-up at a mean 18.3 years (range, 10.4-23.6 years). The survival analysis was performed by the Kaplan-Meier method. We defined end point as any failure that required a reoperation of acetabular component. RESULTS: Thirty-nine of 66 hips (59.1%) were defined as a failure for progressive acetabular osteolysis or aseptic loosening of the cup. Acetabular osteolysis was observed in 47 hips (71.2%) and 33 hips (50.0%) were revised because of cup loosening. The Kaplan-Meier method showed the survival rate of the acetabular cup to be 46.3% at 15 years and 34.8% at 20 years for any failure that required a reoperation of acetabular component. CONCLUSION: The long-term survival rate of THA using HA-coated acetabular cup was unsatisfactory, and it was attributed to vulnerable property of HA coating and progressive osteolysis.ope

    Priorities and needs of preceptor roles among newly employed nurses in ICU

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    ์ž„์ƒ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ „๊ณต/์„์‚ฌ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค ์‹ ๊ทœ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒํ™” ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋ณ„ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์…‰ํ„ฐ ์—ญํ• ์˜ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„์™€ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์…‰ํ„ฐ์‰ฝ ์š”๊ตฌ๋„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์…‰ํ„ฐ์‰ฝ ๊ณผ์ • ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์ž„์ƒ ์ ์‘ ์ „๋žต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์‹œ๋„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค ์‹ ๊ทœ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒํ™” ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋ณ„ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์…‰ํ„ฐ์˜ ์—ญํ•  ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค ์‹ ๊ทœ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์…‰ํ„ฐ์‰ฝ ์š”๊ตฌ๋„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„œ์ˆ ์  ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘์€ 2013๋…„ 10์›” 15์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 10์›” 31์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์„œ์šธ ์†Œ์žฌ 1๊ฐœ ๋Œ€ํ•™๋ณ‘์› ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค ์‹ ๊ทœ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ์ „์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‹ ๊ทœ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ์˜ˆ๋น„์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์˜ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ค๋ฌธ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒํ™” ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋ณ„ ์—ญํ•  ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„ ํŒŒ์•…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ 60๋ฌธํ•ญ๊ณผ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์…‰ํ„ฐ์‰ฝ ์š”๊ตฌ๋„ ์ธก์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 18๋ฌธํ•ญ(๊ต์œก ์˜์—ญ 6๋ฌธํ•ญ, ์‚ฌํšŒํ™” ์ด‰์ง„ ์˜์—ญ 4๋ฌธํ•ญ, ์—…๋ฌด ์—ญํ• ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์˜์—ญ 3๋ฌธํ•ญ, ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋ฐ ํ–‰์ •์  ์˜์—ญ 5๋ฌธํ•ญ)์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋ฆฌ์…‰ํ„ฐ ์—ญํ• ์˜ ๊ณ„์ธต ๋ชจํ˜•์€ 3๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์—ญํ•  ์˜์—ญ(๊ต์œก์ž, ์‚ฌํšŒํ™” ์ด‰์ง„์ž, ์—ญํ• ๋ชจ๋ธ)๊ณผ ๊ฐ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„ ์—ญํ• ์š”์†Œ 3๊ฐ€์ง€์”ฉ ์ด 9๊ฐœ ์—ญํ• ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ๋„์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌํšŒํ™” ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” Reising(2002)์˜ 5๋‹จ๊ณ„(์ „๊ตฌ๊ธฐ, ํ™˜์˜๊ธฐ, ์ดํƒˆ๊ธฐ, ๋…๋ฆฝ๊ธฐ, ์กฐํ™”๊ธฐ)๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” Microsoft Excel 2007 ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๊ณ„์ธต๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•(AHP: Analytic Hierarchy Process)์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ๊ทœ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒํ™” ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋ณ„ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์…‰ํ„ฐ์˜ ์—ญํ•  ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์…‰ํ„ฐ์‰ฝ ์š”๊ตฌ๋„๋Š” SPSS windows 21.0 ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„, ๋…๋ฆฝ t๊ฒ€์ •, ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋ถ„์„์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.1. ๊ณ„์ธต๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•(AHP)์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‘๋‹ต์˜ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ „์ฒด ์„ค๋ฌธ ์‘๋‹ต์ž ์ค‘ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ ๋น„์œจ์ด ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋ฒ”์œ„์ธ 0.2 ์ดํ•˜์ธ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” 13๋ช…์ด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ 4๋…„์ œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ์กธ์—…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ํฌ๋งํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทผ๋ฌด ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์€ ํ‰๊ท  6.03 ๊ฐœ์›”์ด์˜€๋‹ค.2. ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค ์‹ ๊ทœ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒํ™” ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋ณ„ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์…‰ํ„ฐ ์—ญํ• ์˜์—ญ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ์ค‘์š”๋„์™€ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋Š” ์ „๊ตฌ๊ธฐ, ํ™˜์˜๊ธฐ, ์ดํƒˆ๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œโ€˜๊ต์œก์žโ€™์˜์—ญ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋…๋ฆฝ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š”โ€˜์‚ฌํšŒํ™” ์ด‰์ง„์žโ€™,โ€˜์กฐํ™”๊ธฐโ€™๋Š” ์—ญํ• ๋ชจ๋ธ ์˜์—ญ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ชจ ๋“  ์‚ฌํšŒํ™” ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ต์œก์ž ์˜์—ญ์€โ€˜ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ์ž„์ƒ์  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ „๋‹ฌโ€™์ด, ์‚ฌํšŒํ™” ์ด‰์ง„ ์ž ์˜์—ญ์€โ€˜์ง€์ง€์ œ๊ณตโ€™์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ์ค‘์š”๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค.3. ํ”„๋ฆฌ์…‰ํ„ฐ ์—ญํ•  ์˜์—ญ๊ณผ ๊ณ„์ธต ๋‚ด ํ•˜๋ถ€ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ์ค‘์š”๋„ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•œ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์…‰ํ„ฐ ์—ญํ• ์˜ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋Š” ์ „๊ตฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ํ™˜์˜๊ธฐ, ์ดํƒˆ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” โ€˜ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ์ž„์ƒ์  ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ „๋‹ฌโ€™์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜๊ณ  ๋…๋ฆฝ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” โ€˜์ง€์ง€์ œ๊ณตโ€™, ์กฐํ™”๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” โ€˜์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์—ญํ• ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค.4. ํ•œํŽธ, ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค ์‹ ๊ทœ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์…‰ํ„ฐ์‰ฝ ์š”๊ตฌ๋„๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  3.83์  (ยฑ0.42)์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ต์œก์˜์—ญ์ด 3.95 ์ (ยฑ0.42)์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜๊ณ ,โ€˜์‚ฌํšŒํ™” ์ด‰์ง„์˜์—ญโ€™ ์ด 3.81์ (ยฑ0.55),โ€˜์—…๋ฌด ์—ญํ• ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์˜์—ญโ€™3.77์ (ยฑ 0.68)์˜ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋ถ€ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ๋ณ„๋กœ๋Š”โ€˜์ค‘ํ™˜์ž ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์œกโ€™์ด 4.20์ (ยฑ 0.66)์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜๊ณ  ๊ต์œก์˜์—ญ์˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋†’์€ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ โ€˜์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๋ฐ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ต์œก ํ•™์Šต ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ ์šฉ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ''์€ 3.27์ (ยฑ 0.78)์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค.5. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ๊ทผ๋ฌดํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์…‰ํ„ฐ์‰ฝ ์š”๊ตฌ๋„๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ฌด๋ถ€์„œ์™€ ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค ์„ ํ˜ธ๋„์— ๋”ฐ ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.(p >.05) ๊ทผ๋ฌด๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 6๊ฐœ์›” ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๊ทธ ๋ฃน์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋ฐ ํ–‰์ •์  ์˜์—ญ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ (t=2.057, p<.05) ์„ธ๋ถ€ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋Š” โ€˜ํ”„๋ฆฌ์…‰ํ„ฐ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ™• ๋ณดโ€™(t=2.709)์™€ โ€˜๋ณ‘๋™ ์™ธ ๊ต์œก ์‹ค์Šต ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํ™•๋ณดโ€™(t=2.456)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ๋„ ์  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.(p<.05) ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค ์‹ ๊ทœ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์ž„์ƒ ์ ์‘๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒํ™” ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋ณ„ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์…‰ํ„ฐ์˜ ์—ญํ•  ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ์ง€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ˜„ํ–‰ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์…‰ํ„ฐ์‰ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ๊ทœ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œํ•œ์ ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์„ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์…‰ํ„ฐ์‰ฝ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹ค๋ฌด์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ ๊ทœ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒํ™” ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ํ”„๋ฆฌ์…‰ํ„ฐ์‰ฝ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋ฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ž„์ƒ ์ ์‘ ์ „๋žต ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ œ์–ธํ•œ๋‹คprohibitio

    (The) effect of high cholesterol diet on chronic cyclosporine nephrotoxicity in the rat

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] Cyclosporine์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ์‹ ๋…์„ฑ์€ ์ผ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž‘์šฉ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ์„œ cyclosporine ํˆฌ์—ฌ์ค‘์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ณ ์ง€ํ˜ˆ์ฆ์ด ๊ด€๋ จ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋™๋งฅ๊ฒฝํ™”์ฆ๊ณผ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ๋„ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์„œ์— ์‹คํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ  cholesterol ์‹์ด๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์ง€ํ˜ˆ์ฆ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•œ ํ›„ 12์ฃผ๊ฐ„ cyclosporine์„ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜ˆ์•ก๊ณผ ๋‡จ์˜ ์ƒํ™”ํ•™์  ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฐ ์‹ ์žฅ์˜ ์กฐ์ง๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™์  ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๋น„๊ต๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด, cyclosporine์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ ์ง€์งˆ์น˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ง€ํ˜ˆ์ฆ์ด cyclosporine์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ์‹ ๋…์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ๊ณ  cholesterol ์‹์ด๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” cholesterol ํˆฌ์—ฌ 3์ฃผํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ ์ด cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol์ด ์˜์˜์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ triglycerides๋„ ํˆฌ์—ฌ 5์ฃผํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์‹คํ—˜ ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ํ‘œ์ค€ ์‹์ด๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. Cyclosporine ๋‹จ๋…ํˆฌ์—ฌ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ ์ง€์งˆ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ณ  cholesterol ์‹์ด์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ง€ํ˜ˆ์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€์  ์ƒ์Šน์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2. 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‡จ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ ๋ฐฐ์„ค์–‘์€ cholesterol ์‹์ด์™€ cyclosporine์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ, cholesterol ์‹์ด์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋‹จ๋… ์ƒ์Šน์ž‘์šฉ์€ 4์ฃผ๊ตฐ(์ดํ•˜ cyclosporine์˜ ํˆฌ์—ฌ์‹œ์  ๊ธฐ์ค€)๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, cyclosporine ํˆฌ์—ฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” 6์ฃผ๊ตฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์–‘์ž์˜ ๋ณ‘์šฉ๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‡จ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ ๋ฐฐ์„ค์ด ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ creatinine์€ cyclosporine ํˆฌ์—ฌ์‹œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ cholesterol ์‹์ด์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์‚ฐ๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋‚˜ ์–‘์ž์˜ ๋ณ‘์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ƒ์Šน์ž‘์šฉ์€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. 3. Cyclosporine ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์‹ ํ”ผ์งˆ์˜ ์„ฌ์œ ํ™”, ์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์ฒด ์†Œ๋™๋งฅ์˜ ํ˜ธ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ๊ณผ๋ฆฝ์ƒ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฐ ์‹ ์ˆ˜์งˆ์˜ ์„ํšŒํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ฒฝ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์ฒด ์†Œ๋™๋งฅ์˜ ๊ณผ๋ฆฝ์ƒ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ€์œ„์—์„œ์˜ endothelin-1์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์ •๋„์™€ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ณ  cholesterol ์‹์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณ‘์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์„ธ๋‡จ๊ด€ ๊ฐ„์งˆ์˜ ์†์ƒ ๋ฐ ์‹ ์ˆ˜์งˆ์˜ ์„ํšŒํ™”๊ฐ€ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณ  cholesterol ์‹์ด๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์ฒด๋‚ด ์ด์„ธํฌ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ด์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์ฒด๋‚ด ED-1(+)์ธ ๋Œ€์‹์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, cyclosporine์„ ๋ณ‘์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 4.์กฐ์งํ•™์  ์‹ ์†์ƒ์˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ์™€ ํ˜ˆ์•กํ•™์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ง€ํ‘œ ๋ฐ ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ ์ง€์งˆ ๋†๋„์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์‹ ํ”ผ์งˆ์˜ ์„ฌ์œ ํ™”์™€ ์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์ฒด ์†Œ๋™๋งฅ์˜ ํ˜ธ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ๊ณผ๋ฆฝ์ƒ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฐ endothelin-1์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์œจ, ์ˆ˜์งˆ์˜ ์„ํšŒํ™”, ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ creatinine์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์ฒด ๊ฒฝํ™”์œจ์€ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‡จ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ ๋ฐฐ์„ค์–‘, ์ด cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol๊ณผ ๋†’์€ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์ฒด๋‚ด ์ด์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์ฒด ๊ฒฝํ™”์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€์‹์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ด cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol ๋ฐ LDL-cholesterol์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 5. ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ cyclosporine์˜ ๋†๋„๋Š” ์ด cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol ๋ฐ HDL-cholesterol์น˜์™€ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์—ญ์ƒ๊ด€์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, 12์ฃผ๊ฐ„์˜ cyclosporine ๋‹จ๋…ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋Š” ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ ์ด cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol ๋ฐ HDL-cholesterol ์ˆ˜์น˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ณ  cholesterol ์‹์ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋ฐœ๋œ ๊ณ ์ง€ํ˜ˆ์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€์  ์ƒ์Šน์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณ  cholesterol ์‹์ด๋Š”, ์กฐ์งํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์ฒด๋‚ด ED-1(+) ๋Œ€์‹์„ธํฌ์˜ ์œ ์ž…๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์ฒด ๊ฒฝํ™”์œจ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผฐ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ๋‡จ๋ฅผ ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ์ƒ์Šน์‹œํ‚ค๋ฏ€๋กœ์„œ cyclosporine ์‹ ๋…์„ฑ์„ ์‹ฌํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ cyclosporine์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์ฒด ์†Œ๋™๋งฅ์˜ ํ˜ธ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ๊ณผ๋ฆฝ์ƒ ๋ณ€ํ™”, endothelin-1์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์ฆ๊ฐ€, ์„ธ๋‡จ๊ด€๊ฐ„์งˆ์˜ ์„ฌ์œ ํ™” ๋ฐ ์‹ ์ˆ˜์งˆ์˜ ์„ํšŒํ™” ๋“ฑ์˜ ์กฐ์งํ•™์  ์†์ƒ ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€๊ฐ€์  ์†์ƒ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” cyclosporine๊ณผ ๊ณ ์ง€ํ˜ˆ์ฆ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‹ ์†์ƒ์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ ์ง€ํ˜ˆ์ฆ์‹œ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ cyclosporine ๋†๋„์˜ ํ˜„์ €ํ•œ ์ €ํ•˜์™€๋„ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ, cyclosporine ๋‹จ๋…ํˆฌ์—ฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ ์ง€์งˆ์น˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ณ ์ง€ํ˜ˆ์ฆ์ด ๋™๋ฐ˜๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์กฐ์งํ•™์  ์†์ƒ๊ณผ ์‹ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์†์ƒ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์–ด cyclosporine์˜ ์‹ ๋…์„ฑ์„ ์‹ฌํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. Cyclosporine ์‹ ๋…์„ฑ, ํŠนํžˆ ์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์ฒด ์†์ƒ์„ ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ์ง€ํ˜ˆ์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ ์ง€ํ˜ˆ์ฆ์˜ ๋™๋ฐ˜์‹œ ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ ์ง€์งˆ์น˜์˜ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€์  ์ƒ์Šน๊ณผ ์‹ ์†์ƒ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] Since the introduction of cyclosporine into clinical practice, it has become apparent that nephrotoxicity significantly limits its use in transplantation and in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. More problematic is an irreversible chronic form of cyclosporine nephrotoxicity, which is primarily related to arteriolopathy. Long-term cyclosporine therapy is known to be accompanied by hyperlipidemia, and apparently the disturbances in the lipid metabolism contribute to the arteriolopathy. This study was done to investigate the effect of dietary cholesterol on chronic cyclosporine nephrotoxicity in the rat, as well as the cyclosporine-induced lipid disturbances. Two groups of rats were fed standard chow, or standard chow supplemented with 4% cholesterol and 1% cholic acid for 3 weeks. Thereafter the animals were again subdivided into two groups and cyclosporine or vehicle treatment was added for 12 weeks. The effects of cholesterol feeding and cyclosporine treatment on serum lipid profiles, renal functional parameters and renal morphological lesions were examined. The results were as follows: 1. Cholesterol feeding significantly increased fasting serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-and HDL-cholesterol irrespective of cyclosporine treatment. Cyclosporine treatment alone did not increase the serum lipids, while oombined treatment of cyclosporine and cholesterol additionally elevated all lipid profiles. 2. Both cholesterol feeding and cyclosporine treatment increased 24hr urine protein excretion while combined treatment additionally increased it. Serum creatinine was significantly increased by cyclosporine treatment alone. Cholesterol feeding also increased its level episodically. However, no additive effect was identified in the combined group. 3. Cyclosporine treatment alone significantly increased the number of afferent arterioles showing eosinophilic granules, the grade of tubulointerstitial lesion and the incidence of medullary calcification. The combined cholesterol feeding contributed to reducing the tubulointerstitial in-jury and medullary calcification. 4. Cholesterol feeding caused a significant increase in the total number of intraglomerular cells and the influx of ED-1(+) macrophages into the glomeruli. The combined treatment with cyclosporine suppressed the effect induced by cholesterol diet. 5. Correlation analysis between histological and functional parameters demonstrated that the grade of renal tubulointerstitial injury, the number of glomerular arterioles showing eosinophilic granules and the number of medullary calcified tubules were positively correlated. Eosinophilic granular transformation of arterioles showed a positive correlation with endothelin-1 positivity. The rate of glomerulosclerosis was positively correlated with urinary protein excretion, serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels. 6. The increase of intraglomerular cellularity was intimately related to an increase in the intraglomerular influx of ED-1(+) macrophages and the rate of glomerulosclerosis. As well, the macrophage influx was positively correlated with serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels. 7. The blood cyclosporine trough level was inversely correlated with serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels. In summary, cyclosporine treatment alone was not accompanied by the occurrence of hypercholesterolemia in our rat model. Cyclosporine-induced elevation in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol was only seen in the groups of rats fed a high cholesterol diet. Histologically and functionally, the cholesterol feeding significantly increased the number of intraglomerular macrophages, the rate of glomerulosclerosis, urinary protein excretion and episodically serum creatinine, resulting in the aggravation of chronic cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. However, the arteriolar changes and tubulointerstitial injury induced by cyclosporine were not aggravated by cholesterol feeding, even after 12 weeks of cyclosporine administration. This result suggests that the mechanisms involved in cyclosporine nephrotoxicity may be dissociated from those in high cholesterolemic injury. Also, it appeals to be ralated to the significant decrease in the blood cyclosporine trough level during cholesterol feeding. These results indicate the necessity of antihyperlipidemic treatment to reduce cyclosporine nephrotoxicity.restrictio

    IgM VH transcripts of peripheral B cell in Kawasaki disease

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๊ฐ€์™€์‚ฌ๋ผ๋ณ‘์€ ๊ณ ์—ด, ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ ๋ฆผํ”„์ ˆ์—ผ, ๊ตฌ๋‚ด์—ผ, ๊ฒฐ๋ง‰์—ผ, ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฐœ์ง„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์  ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ „์‹ ์ ์ธ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์—ผ์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜๋Š” ์งˆํ™˜์ด๋‹ค. ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋™๋งฅ์— ํ˜ˆ์•ก ์‘๊ณ ์„ฑ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ํ์ƒ‰์ด๋‚˜ ํ™•์žฅ, ๋™๋งฅ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ์†Œ์•„์˜ ํ›„์ฒœ์„ฑ ์‹ฌ์žฅ๋ณ‘์˜ ์ค‘์š” ์›์ธ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์งˆํ™˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ž„์ƒ์ , ์—ญํ•™์ , ๋ฉด์—ญํ•™์  ๋ฐ ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜์–ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—, ์•„์ง ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์›์ธ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ „์€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฐํ˜€์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ํฅ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์™€์‚ฌ๋ผ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ฐ˜์‘ ํ™œ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฉด์—ญํ•™์ ์ธ ์ด์ƒ์ด ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ, ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์— ๊ด€๊ณ„๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ฐ€์™€์‚ฌ๋ผ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ Vฮฒ2 ๋ฐ Vฮฒ8 family๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” T ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์  ์ฆ์‹์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์–ด superantigen์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ œ๊ธฐ๋œ ์ดํ›„ ๊ฐ€์™€์‚ฌ๋ผ๋ณ‘์—์„œ T ์„ธํฌ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด ์˜จ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด B ์„ธํฌ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋Š” ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋Š” ๊ฐ€์™€์‚ฌ๋ผ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ™˜์•„์—์„œ B ์„ธํฌ์˜ IgM VH๊ตฐ์—์„œ oligoclonal expansion์ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์™€์‚ฌ๋ผ๋ณ‘์˜ ๋ง์ดˆํ˜ˆ์•ก ๋‚ด B ์„ธํฌ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์–‘์ƒ ๋ฐ superantigen์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ž๊ทน์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ ์ž ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ฐ€์™€์‚ฌ๋ผ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ™˜์•„์—์„œ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์•„๊ธ‰์„ฑ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ง์ดˆํ˜ˆ์•ก B ์„ธํฌ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, B ์„ธํฌ์˜ RNA๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŒ๋“  cDNA๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ PCR์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค‘์‡„๊ตฐ์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , IgM VH๊ตฐ์—์„œ oligoclonal expansion์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ๊ตฐ๋ณ„๋กœ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ PCR ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ cloning๊ณผ sequencing์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ DNA๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธ‰์„ฑ๊ธฐ ๋ง์ดˆํ˜ˆ์•ก์—์„œ T ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ์˜์˜์žˆ๊ฒŒ (p<0.05) ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, B ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ์˜์˜์žˆ๊ฒŒ (p<0.05) ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ๊ธฐ์˜ B ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ด์™€ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ๋ฉด์—ญ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ถˆ๋ฆฐ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ง์ดˆํ˜ˆ์•ก ๋‚ด B ์„ธํฌ ์ค‘์‡„๊ตฐ์˜ ์ผ์ฐจ PCR์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ, ์ค‘์‡„๊ตฐ์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” VH1์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ VH6๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ค‘์‡„๊ตฐ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 3๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์–ป์€ ฮผ gene ํด๋ก ์€ 312๊ฐœ์˜€๊ณ  ์ด์ค‘ VH3, VH4, VH5๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. Germ line ์œ ์ „์ž๋Š” M99686์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” X92224/J, L21967, L21964 ์ˆœ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž๋ณ„๋กœ๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค ํด๋ก  ์ค‘ 20 set์˜ ํด๋ก ์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ผ๊ธฐ ์„œ์—ด์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ VH2์™€ VH5์—์„œ ํ”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์—ผ๊ธฐ ์„œ์—ด์„ ๋ณด์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ 1 set ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋“ค์˜ homology๋Š” 99.5%์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ผ๊ธฐ ์„œ์—ด์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” 20 set์˜ ํด๋ก ๋“ค์€ germ line ์œ ์ „์ž์™€ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌ (94-100%์˜ homology)ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ์—ญ์‹œ M99686์˜ germ line ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํด๋ก ์ด 4 set๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘ ํ•œ ํด๋ก ์œผ๋กœ 3์ฐจ์› ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ฮฒ sheet์˜ ๋ฉด์—ญ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ถˆ๋ฆฐ ์ค‘์‡„์˜ ๋ชจ์–‘์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์™€์‚ฌ๋ผ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์•„์˜ ๋ง์ดˆํ˜ˆ์•ก B ์„ธํฌ์— ํ‘œํ˜„๋œ IgM transcripts์˜ ํŠน์ง•์€ oligoclonal expansion์˜ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ฏธ๋ฃจ์–ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ๊ฐ€์™€์‚ฌ๋ผ๋ณ‘์€ superantigen์˜ ์ž๊ทน์— ์˜ํ•œ ์งˆํ™˜์ด๋ผ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” conventional antigen์˜ ์ž๊ทน์— ์˜ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]Kawasaki disease is characterized by fever, cervical lymphadenitis, oral lesions, and skin rashes. It is pathologically a systemic vasculitis. The important complications of Kawasaki disease include coronary artery dilatations and thrombosis, and coronary aneurysms, making it an important cause of acquired heart disease in children. Although there is ongoing research on the clinical, epidemiological, immunologic and pathologic characteristics of Kawasaki disease, its etiology and pathogenesis are still not clear. Interestingly, an immunologic process is observed in Kawasaki disease and this immune process is thought to be involved in the disease activation, process and complications. Recently, the selective expansion of T cells expressing Vฮฒ2 and Vฮฒ8 family has been observed suggesting the involvement of superantigens, and this has led to the active research of T cells. On the other hand, there is little research on the activity of B cells. My research was based on determining if there was an oligoclonal expansion of IgM VH in the B cells of patients diagnosed with Kawasaki disease (KD). Furthermore, I researched the characteristics of the activation of the B cells in the peripheral blood of KD patients and evidence of stimulation by superantigens. I studied the distribution of B cells in the acute and subacute phases of patients diagnosed with KD and from the RNA of B cells, obtained cDNA and performed PCR. To determine the oligoclonal expansion of IgM VH family I cloned and sequenced the PCR products from each group and analyzed the DNA. In the peripheral blood of acute phase patients, T cells were significantly decreased (p<0.05), but B cells were siginificantly increased (p<0.05). However the increase in B cells does not necessarily mean an associated increase in serum immunoglobulins. When the first PCR was done on the B cell chains, VH1 to VH6 were all expressed. The number of ฮผ gene clones obtained from 3 patients was 312 and among these there were many VH3, VH4 and VH5 family. M99686 germ line was most frequently used and the next most frequently used were X92224/J, L21967 and L21964. A similar order was seen in the patients. Among the clones, 20 sets of clones showed the same base sequence and this was frequent between VH2 and VH5. 1 set showed almost the same base sequence between different patients, and the homology was 99.5%. 20 sets of clones that showed the same base sequence showed high similarity to the germ line (94%-100%). Among these, the clones that utilized the M99686 germ line was 4 sets which was most frequent. The 3-dimensional structure of one of these clones showed the typical ฮฒ sheet structure of immunoglobulin chains. In summary, the IgM transcripts expressed by the B cells in the peripheral blood of KD patients in the acute phase of the disease show clearly an oligoclonal expansion which suggests that Kawasaki disease is caused not by a superantigen stimulus but rather by a conventional antigen.ope

    Leucyl-tRNA synthetase(LRS)์— ์˜ํ•œ serum response factor(SRF) activity์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    Thesis(masters) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์•ฝํ•™๊ณผ(์˜์•ฝ์ƒ๋ช…๊ณผํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2009.2.Maste

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    ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท F.A.Z.์˜ 10๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ, ์ฆ‰ ์ •์น˜๋ฉด, ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฉด, ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฉด, ์Šคํฌ์ธ ๋ฉด, ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฉด, ๊ธˆ์œต๋ฉด, ์ง€์‹๋ฉด, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฉด, ์—ฌํ–‰๋ฉด, ์ง์—…๊ณผ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฉด์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ํ™”์ œ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ , ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ํ™”์ œ ํŠน์ง•๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ์„  2์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ํ™”์ œ์˜ ํŠน์ง•๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™”์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„์˜ ํ‹€์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŠน์ง•์—๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋‘์„ฑ, ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋Œ€์ƒ์„ฑ, ์ฃผ์–ด์ง์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋งŒ์ด ํ™”์ œ๋กœ์„œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์œ„ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŠน์ง•์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™”์ œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ก ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ธ ํ…Œ๋งˆ์™€ ์ดˆ์ ๊ณผ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2.3์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ™”์ œ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๋žต์ธ ํ™”์ œํ™”์™€ ์ขŒ์ธก์ด๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™”์ œํ™”๋Š” ์˜๋ฌธ๊ตฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ XP๋‚˜ ์˜๋ฌธ๊ตฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” XP๊ฐ€ ์ „์žฅ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ, ์ „์žฅ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” XP๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋Œ€์ƒ์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ชจ๋“  ํ™”์ œํ™” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ํ™”์ œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ขŒ์ธก์ด๋™์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ™”์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์™ผ์ชฝ์— ์ด๋™์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ์ด๋™ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ ์›๋ž˜ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ฑ๋ถ„์— ์ƒ์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„์น˜์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ, ํ…Œ๋งˆ์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋งŒ ๋ฌธ๋‘๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ขŒ์ธก์ด๋™์€ ๋ฌธ๋‘์„ฑ, ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์•ž์— ์–ธ๊ธ‰ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋Œ€์ƒ์„ฑ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ ์•ž์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์šฉ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์ง์„ฑ๊นŒ์ง€ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ™”์ œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 3์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” 2์žฅ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ํ‹€์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท F.A.Z.์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ํ™”์ œ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„์— ์•ž์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ •์˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์ด ๋˜๋Š” Rolf์˜ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์งง๊ฒŒ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท F.A.Z.์˜ 10๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ํ™”์ œ ํŠน์ง•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ •์น˜๋ฉด, ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฉด, ์Šคํฌ์ธ ๋ฉด, ๊ธˆ์œต๋ฉด, ์ง์—…๊ณผ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฉด์ด Rolf์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์—์„œ์˜ ASS 4๋กœ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์— ์†ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฉด, ์ง€์‹๋ฉด, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฉด์ด ASS 11, ์—ฌํ–‰๋ฉด์ด ASS 17, ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฉด์ด ASS 20์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.๋ชฉ ์ฐจ 1. ์„œ๋ก  1 2. ํ™”์ œ์˜ ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 4 2.1. ํ™”์ œ์˜ ์ •์˜ 4 2.1.1 ๋ฌธ๋‘์„ฑ 4 2.1.2 ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋Œ€์ƒ์„ฑ 9 2.1.3 ์ฃผ์–ด์ง์„ฑ 12 2.2. ํ™”์ œ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ๊ฐœ๋… 16 2.2.1 ํ™”์ œ์™€ ํ…Œ๋งˆ 16 2.2.2 ํ™”์ œ์™€ ์ดˆ์  21 2.3. ํ™”์ œ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 28 2.3.1 ํ™”์ œํ™” 28 2.3.2 ์ขŒ์ธก์ด๋™ 37 3. ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์‹ ๋ฌธ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ํ™”์ œ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ 44 3.1. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 44 3.2. Rolf์˜ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ 50 3.3. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 52 3.3.1 ์ •์น˜๋ฉด 52 3.3.2 ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฉด 57 3.3.3 ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฉด 61 3.3.4 ์Šคํฌ์ธ ๋ฉด 65 3.3.5 ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฉด 68 3.3.6 ๊ธˆ์œต๋ฉด 71 3.3.7 ์ง€์‹๋ฉด 74 3.3.8 ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฉด 77 3.3.9 ์—ฌํ–‰๋ฉด 81 3.3.10 ์ง์—…๊ณผ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฉด 84 3.3.11 ์š”์•ฝ 87 4. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  89 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 93 Abstract 97Maste

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